WTS database

Title	Pub Year	Author Sort ascending	SearchLink
Distribution of bacteria in a domestic hot water system in a Danish apartment building	2004	Albrechtsen, H.-J., Environmental and Resources DTU, Technical University of Denmark, Building 115, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Water research Periodical, Abbrev. Water Res. Pub Date Free Form / Volume 38 Issue 1 Start Page 225 Other Pages 235 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0043-1354 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Bacterial growth in hot water systems seems to cause problems such as bad odor of the water, skin allergies and increased heat transfer resistance in heating coils. In order to establish a basis for long-term suppression of bacterial growth, we studied the distribution of bacteria in a Danish domestic hot water system. Heterotrophic plate counts (HPC) were measured in both water and biofilm samples from various sampling sites in the system. In hot water samples, where the temperature was 55-60Â°C, the HPC were 10 3-104CFU/mL at incubation temperatures of 25Â°C or 37Â°C and 105CFU/mL at 55Â°C or 65Â°C. In the cold water (10Â°C) supplying the hot water system, the HPC at 25Â°C or 37Â°C was lower than in the hot water, and no bacteria were found after incubation at 55Â°C or 65Â°C. HPC constituted from 38% to 84% of the AODC results in hot water but only 2% in cold water, which showed a high ratio of culturable bacteria in hot water. Biofilm samples from the hot water tank and the inner surface of the pipes in the cold and hot water distribution system were collected by specially designed sampling devices, which were exposed in the system for 42 days. The quasi-steady-state number of bacteria in the biofilm, measured as the geometric mean of the HPC obtained between 21 and 42 days, was five-fold higher in the hot water pipe (13Ã—105CFU/cm 2 at 55Â°C) than in the cold water pipe (2.8Ã—10 5CFU/cm2 at 25Â°C). There was no significant difference between the number of bacteria in the biofilm samples from the top, middle and bottom of the hot water tank, and the number of bacteria in the biofilm counted at 55Â°C ranged from 0.6Ã—104 to 1.7Ã—104CFU/cm2. The surfaces of the sacrificial aluminum anodes and the heating coils in the hot water tank also contained high bacterial numbers. The measured number of bacteria in water and biofilm samples was related to the dimensions of the hot water system, and calculations showed that the majority of bacteria (72%) were located in the biofilm especially in the distribution system, which accounts for the greatest surface area. Free-living bacteria accounted for 26% and only a minor part of the bacteria were in the sludge in the hot water tank (2%). Â© 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Descriptors activated sludge, article, bacterial count, bacterial growth, bacterium contamination, bacterium culture, biofilm, calculation, geometry, heat transfer, high temperature, incubation time, low temperature, odor, priority journal, skin allergy, water sampling, water supply Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Bagh,L. K., Albrechtsen,H. -J, Arvin,E., Ovesen,K. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Elevated temperature differently affects foliar nitrogen partitioning in seedlings of diverse Douglas fir provenances	2014	Albert-Ludwigs-Universitat Freiburg, Institut fur Forstwissenschaften, Georges-Kohler-Allee Geb. 053/054, Freiburg i. Br. D-79110, Germany Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Ecological Security and Protection, Mianyang Normal University, Xianren Road 30,	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tree physiology Periodical, Abbrev. Tree Physiol. Pub Date Free Form Oct Volume 34 Issue 10 Start Page 1090 Other Pages 1101 Notes LR: 20151119; CI: (c) The Author 2014; JID: 100955338; 0 (Amino Acids); 1406-65-1 (Chlorophyll); N762921K75 (Nitrogen); OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/09/20 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Canada ISSN/ISBN 1758-4469; 0829-318X Accession Number PMID: 25240727 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1093/treephys/tpu074 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25240727 Abstract Global climate change causes an increase in ambient air temperature, a major environmental factor influencing plant physiology and growth that already has been perceived at the regional scale and is expected to become even more severe in the future. In the present study, we investigated the effect of elevated ambient air temperature on the nitrogen metabolism of two interior provenances of Douglas fi r (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca) originating from contrasting habitats, namely the provenances Monte Creek (MC) from a drier environment and Pend Oreille (PO) from a more humid environment. Three- to four-year-old seedlings of the two provenances were grown for 3 months in controlled environments under either control temperature (day 20 degrees C, night 15 degrees C) or high temperature (HT, 30/25 degrees C) conditions. Total nitrogen (N), soluble protein, chlorophyll and total amino acid (TAA) contents as well as individual amino acid concentrations were determined in both current-year and previous-year needles. Our results show that the foliar total N contents of the two provenances were unaffected by HT. Arginine, lysine, proline, glutamate and glutamine were the most abundant amino acids, which together contributed approximately 88% to the TAA pool of current- and previous-year needles. High temperature decreased the contents of most amino acids of the glutamate family (i.e., arginine, proline, ornithine and glutamine) in current-year needles. However, HT did not affect the concentrations of metabolites related to the photorespiratory pathway, such as [Formula: see text], glycine and serine. In general, current-year needles were considerably more sensitive to HT than previous-year needles. Moreover, provenance PO originating from a mesic environment showed stronger responses to HT than provenance MC. Our results indicate provenance-specific plasticity in the response of Douglas fir to growth temperature. Provenance-specific effects of elevated temperature on N-use efficiency suggest that origin might determine the sensitivity and growth potential of Douglas fir trees in a future warmer climate. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher . Published by Oxford University Press Data Source Authors Du,B., Jansen,K., Junker,L.V., Eiblmeier,M., Kreuzwieser,J., Gessler,A., Ensminger,I., Rennenberg,H. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20140920 PMCID Editors
Nicotine dependence, motivation to quit, and diagnosis among adult emergency department patients who smoke: a national survey	2008	Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Albert Einstein Cancer Center, and Montefiore Medical Center, 111 East 210th Street, Bronx, NY 10467, USA. sbernste@montefiore.org	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Aug Volume 10 Issue 8 Start Page 1277 Other Pages 1282 Notes JID: 9815751; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1462-2203; 1462-2203 Accession Number PMID: 18686174 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Multicenter Study; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1080/14622200802239272 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18686174 Abstract Patients in hospital emergency departments smoke more than the general population. Smoking profiles of these patients have largely been characterized in small, single-institution cohorts. Our objective was to survey adult smokers visiting a sample of U.S. emergency departments, as part of a study examining the efficacy of an educational intervention on physicians' knowledge, attitudes, and behavior regarding tobacco control. A convenience sample of patients in eight academic emergency departments was surveyed from May to July 2006. Eligible patients were aged 18 years or older, were every- or some-day smokers, spoke English or Spanish, were able to provide written informed consent, and were not actively psychotic. Descriptive statistics are reported using parametric and nonparametric measures. A total of 1,168 patients were interviewed (mean age = 40.7 years); 46.5% were female, 54.4% were uninsured or had Medicaid, and 29.9% had no usual source of care. Patients smoked a median of 10 cigarettes daily, with a median score on the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence of 4, and a median score of 5 on the nine-point contemplation ladder, indicating a desire to quit within 6 months. Smokers with a diagnosis of cardiovascular, respiratory, or malignant disease were more interested in quitting than others (median ladder score = 4 vs. 6, p<.001), were more likely to believe they had a smoking-related illness, and were more likely to believe their emergency department visit was related to smoking. Smokers with a presenting complaint of chest pain or dyspnea were more interested in quitting than others (median ladder score = 4 vs. 6, p = .002). Emergency department patients smoked at moderate amounts, with moderate levels of addiction and interest in quitting. Smokers with tobacco-related diagnoses, or who believed their emergency department visit was related to smoking, were more interested in quitting. These findings suggest that the emergency department visit may provide a teachable moment to reach smokers who have tobacco-related problems. Descriptors Adult, Behavior, Addictive/epidemiology/psychology, Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology, Cohort Studies, Comorbidity, Emergency Service, Hospital/statistics & numerical data, Female, Health Behavior, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Motivation, Neoplasms/epidemiology, Outcome Assessment (Health Care), Patient Education as Topic/statistics & numerical data, Respiratory Tract Diseases/epidemiology, Self Efficacy, Smoking/epidemiology/psychology, Smoking Cessation/methods/statistics & numerical data, Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiology/psychology, United States/epidemiology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Bernstein,S. L., Boudreaux,E. D., Cabral,L., Cydulka,R. K., Schwegman,D., Larkin,G. L., Adams,A. L., McCullough,L. B., Rhodes,K. V. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Exposure to cadmium among sheesha smokers and how do they compare to cigarette smokers	2000	Al-Saleh, I., Biological and Med. Res. Department, King Faisal Spec. Hosp./Res. Ctr., Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of Trace Elements in Experimental Medicine Periodical, Abbrev. J.Trace Elem.Exp.Med. Pub Date Free Form 2000/ Volume 13 Issue 4 Start Page 381 Other Pages 388 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0896-548X Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Blood cadmium (B-Cd) and urinary cadmium (U-Cd) were assessed among non-smokers, cigarette smokers, sheesha smokers, and both cigarette and sheesha smokers. Urinary cotinine (U-cotinine), which is a metabolite of nicotine with a biological half-life of > 10 h was used as a marker of exposure to tobacco smoke. Results indicate that smoking sheesha is another source of tobacco exposure. B-Cd, U-Cd, and U-cotinine were significantly higher among cigarette and both cigarette and sheesha smokers. U-cotinine was associated only with B-Cd concentrations. Exposure to Cd from smoking cigarette or/and sheesha could effect some of the renal dysfunction indices. (C) 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Descriptors cadmium, cotinine, tobacco smoke, adolescent, adult, article, blood level, smoking, devices, human, kidney disease, kidney function, male, priority journal, smoking habit, tobacco, urine level Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Al-Saleh,I., Shinwari,N., Basile,P., Al-Dgaither,S., Al-Mutairi,M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Smoking among secondary-school boys in Bahrain: Prevalence and risk factors	2003	Al-Haddad, N., Gulf Air Medical Services, Gulf Air, Al-Muharraq, Bahrain	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal Periodical, Abbrev. East.Mediterr.Health J. Pub Date Free Form / Volume 9 Issue 2-Jan Start Page 78 Other Pages 86 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1020-3397 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract To determine the prevalence of smoking among male secondary school students in Bahrain and to identify their risk factors for smoking, we surveyed a random sample of students by questionnaire. The prevalence of smoking was 26.6%, 25.5% and 25.4% among first-year, second-year and third-year students respectively. Cigarettes (21.0%), water-pipes (13.0%) and cigars (1.6%) were popular. Smokers and non-smokers had similar socioeconomic profiles, but differed in degree of disapproval of smoking shown by close contacts and whether close contacts were smokers. The prevalence of smoking among male secondary-school students in Bahrain did not decline despite intense anti-smoking efforts in the last decade, perhaps indicating the effectiveness of tobacco advertising and promotions that target youth. Descriptors adolescent, adult, advertizing, article, Bahrain, child health care, smoking, controlled study, health survey, high school, human, male, prevalence, questionnaire, randomization, risk factor, sampling, socioeconomics, student Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Al-Haddad,N., Hamadeh,R. R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
The Relationship of "Shisha" (Water Pipe) Smoking to Postextraction Dry Socket	2004	Al-Belasy, F.A., Oral Surgery Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Periodical, Abbrev. J.Oral Maxillofac.Surg. Pub Date Free Form / Volume 62 Issue 1 Start Page 10 Other Pages 14 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0278-2391 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Purpose: This study was undertaken to determine whether "shisha" (water pipe) smokers (SS) were at a different risk of developing dry socket (DS) than were cigarette smokers (CS) or nonsmokers (NS) and to assess the effect of preoperative and postoperative smoking habits on the incidence of DS. Materials and Methods: One hundred NS, 100 CS, and 100 SS were enrolled. Surgery for removal of mandibular third molars was performed under local anesthesia with no incision or bone removal. At 1, 4, and 7 days after surgery, postoperative evaluation and postoperative smoking were recorded by the same examiner. The Ï‡2 test was used for statistical analysis of results. Statistical significance was defined as a value of P < .05. Results: Smokers had 2 to 3 times the risk of NS for developing DS. Although SS had a greater incidence of DS than did CS, the difference was not significant (P = .083). The incidence of DS was not age dependent. Smokers who smoked the day of surgery had a significantly higher incidence of DS than did smokers who smoked the second day after surgery. Compared with NS, CS who smoked the day of surgery and SS who smoked the day of surgery or the first day after surgery had a significantly increased incidence of DS (CS/NS, day 0, P = .001; SS/NS, day 0, P = .001; day 1, P = .005). Conclusion: SS had 3 times the risk of NS for developing DS, but there was no statistically significant difference between SS and CS. Increased frequency of smoking and smoking during the day of surgery significantly increased the incidence of DS. Â© 2004 American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. Descriptors adult, article, controlled study, high risk population, human, incidence, major clinical study, male, molar tooth, postoperative period, preoperative evaluation, smoking, tooth extraction, tooth pain Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Al-Belasy,F. A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Comparative analysis of the effects of hubble-bubble (Sheesha) and cigarette smoking on respiratory and metabolic parameters in hubble-bubble and cigarette smokers	2006	Al Mutairi, S.S., Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Safat 13110, Kuwait	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Respirology Periodical, Abbrev. Respirology Pub Date Free Form / Volume 11 Issue 4 Start Page 449 Other Pages 455 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1323-7799; 1440-1843 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Objectives and background: Hazard of smoking tobacco is believed to be minimized by smoking hubble-bubble (HB) instead of cigarettes. Our aims were to (i) develop an assay for estimating nicotine and cotinine; and (ii) evaluate the effect of smoking on respiratory and metabolic parameters in cigarette and HB smokers. Methods: Urine samples were collected from 152 volunteer smokers (75 cigarette and 77 HB) as well as from 16 healthy controls. We optimized an HPLC method for the determination of nicotine and cotinine. Subjects were asked to complete a chronic respiratory symptoms questionnaire and to undergo spirometry. Fasting blood samples were collected for the determination of their lipid profile. Results: The intra-assay coefficients of variation for nicotine and cotinine were 16.6% and 6.6%, respectively. The mean of cotinine in cigarette smokers (1321.4 ng/mL) was significantly (P = 0.008) higher than the mean cotinine (677.6 ng/mL) in HB smokers. The mean nicotine level in cigarette smokers (1487.3 ng/mL) was significantly (P < 0.0001) higher than the mean nicotine (440.5 ng/mL) in HB smoker. The urinary cotinine and nicotine levels of the control subjects were lower than the detection levels of the assay. The mean high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was lower in cigarette smokers (0.99 mmol/L) compared with HB smoker smokers (1.02 mmol/L) but this was not significant (P = 0.28). Spirometric values were comparable among the three groups but the chronic respiratory symptoms in the smoking groups appeared at an earlier age in the HB smokers compared with the cigarettes smokers (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Smoking HB does not reduce the risk of tobacco exposure and it's potentially harmful metabolites on health. Â© 2006 Asian Pacific Society of Respirology. Descriptors cotinine, glucose, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, nicotine, triacylglycerol, adult, aged, analytic method, article, cholesterol blood level, chronic respiratory tract disease, smoking, controlled study, female, glucose blood level, high performance liquid chromatography, human, lipid blood level, lipid metabolism, major clinical study, male, observer variation, priority journal, questionnaire, spirometry, triacylglycerol blood level, urine level Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Al Mutairi,S. S., Shihab-Eldeen,A. A., Mojiminiyi,O. A., Anwar,A. A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Distribution of COPD-related symptoms in the Middle East and North Africa: results of the BREATHE study	2012	Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Respiratory medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Respir.Med. Pub Date Free Form Dec Volume 106 Suppl 2 Issue Start Page S25 Other Pages 32 Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2012; JID: 8908438; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1532-3064; 0954-6111 Accession Number PMID: 23290701 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Multicenter Study; IM DOI 10.1016/S0954-6111(12)70012-4 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23290701 Abstract Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. However, its epidemiology in many developing countries is poorly characterised. The objective of this analysis was to evaluate respiratory symptoms which could be COPD-related in a large sample of individuals aged >/= 40 years in ten countries in the Middle East and North Africa (Algeria, Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey and United Arab Emirates), together with Pakistan, using a standardised methodology. A random sample of 457,258 telephone numbers was contacted. A screening questionnaire was administered to each eligible participant, which included six questions relating to respiratory symptoms. Of 65,154 eligible subjects, 62,086 agreed to participate and 61,551 provided usable data. The age- and gender-adjusted prevalence of symptoms (persistent productive cough or breathlessness or both) was 14.3% [95% CI: 14.0-14.6%], ranging from 7.2% in UAE to 19.1% in Algeria. Symptoms were more frequent (p /= 10 pack . years) was 3.6% [95% CI: 3.5-3.7%] (range: 1.9% in UAE to 6.1% in Syria). COPD was more frequent (p Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier Ltd Data Source Authors Tageldin,M.A., Nafti,S., Khan,J.A., Nejjari,C., Beji,M., Mahboub,B., Obeidat,N.M., Uzaslan,E., Sayiner,A., Wali,S., Rashid,N., El Hasnaoui,A., BREATHE Study Group Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Risk factors associated with Intrauterine Growth Retardation (IUGR) in Bandar Abbas	2007	Aghamolaei, T., Department of Health Services, School of Public Health, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbad, Iran	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of Medical Sciences Periodical, Abbrev. J.Med.Sci.(Pakistan) Pub Date Free Form 2007/05 Volume 7 Issue 4 Start Page 665 Other Pages 669 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1682-4474; 1812-5727 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Children who are born with Intrauterine Growth Retardation (IUGR) have higher rates of seizures, sepsis, respiratory failure and neonatal mortality. The aim of this study was to determine risk factors associated with IUGR. This was a case-control study that carried out in Shariati Hospital of Bandar Abbas. Sixty IUGR and 60 normal birth weight infants were selected in the delivery room. The first normal birth weight baby born, after an IUGR baby, was taken as a control. A structured questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic data, maternal data including past obstetric history, current pregnancy and delivery data, as well as data about the newborns. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 13 software. Risk factors associated with IUGR in this study were maternal work (OR = 10.2, CI 95% = 1.2-87.3), to have hypertension (OR = 7.4, CI 95% = 1.5-36.9), to use hookah during pregnancy (OR 3.5, CI 95% = 1.1-12.6) and not to use antenatal care (OR = 3.9, CI 95% = 1.2-13.7). Screening women for known risk factors of IUGR, counseling, health education about risks of IUGR and the ways of prevention is necessary to reduce the rate of it. Descriptors anamnesis, article, controlled study, delivery, demography, employment status, female, health education, hospital based case control study, human, infant, intrauterine growth retardation, major clinical study, male, maternal hypertension, obstetrics, patient counseling, pregnancy, prenatal care, risk assessment, risk reduction, screening test, socioeconomics, structured questionnaire Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Aghamolaei,T., Eftekhar,H., Zare,S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Changing epidemiology of smoking: Barcelona, 2000-2001	2004	Agencia de Salut Publica de Barcelona. jrvillal@aspd.es	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Revista clinica espanola Periodical, Abbrev. Rev.Clin.Esp. Pub Date Free Form Jun Volume 204 Issue 6 Start Page 312 Other Pages 316 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 8608576; ppublish Place of Publication Spain ISSN/ISBN 0014-2565; 0014-2565 Accession Number PMID: 15171893 Language spa SubFile Comparative Study; English Abstract; Journal Article; IM DOI 13062270 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 15171893 Abstract CONTEXT: In recent years various initiatives of prevention and social changes have been carried out that should have an effect on epidemiology of smoking in our area. Their real effect is little known, however, because of methodological changes in the existing population surveys. In this work the data on smoking in the last city of Barcelona health survey (ESBA 2000-01) are analyzed, with reference to the cumulative information obtained along 18 years from the first survey in 1983. METHOD: ESBA 2000-01 is an interview health survey carried out on a weighted sample with 10,030 people. Data relative to tobacco use are showed for people 15-year-old or older included in the survey, stratified by age, sex, and class. Consumption context variables are also showed, and the tobacco consumption quitting among people who have smoked is analyzed. RESULTS: The proportion of daily smokers in the population over 14 years of age is 29 %, while that of former smokers is 21 % and 2.2 % in this population are occasional smokers. The prevalence is maximum in the 35-44 year-old group, and the prevalence is reduced drastically after this age. Stratified analysis by age, sex, and occupational category shows interesting differences among daily smokers. A strong gradient is observed according to occupational category in males. The situation is more complex in women. The typical smoker began when 17-year-old, and now consumes 16 cigarettes a day. Consumption is somewhat higher in males and is maximum in the 35-44 year-old group. Two-third of the smokers (65.7 %) want to quit smoking and more than one third (36 %) has attempted it along the last year. Almost half of smokers (48.1 %) have received advice to quit smoking from their physician. One of every four (24.9 %) smokers has been warned for smoking in some places. Almost half smokers are the only smoker in their home, and barely a third are the only smokers at work. The proportion of quitting increases with age in both sexes, and nowadays the differences in the probability of quitting smoking are few when the data are stratified by age groups. CONCLUSIONS: These results show the changing pattern of tobacco epidemiology in Barcelona: smoking is no longer the main behavior in no age and sex group, and the only social group in which more than half of its members smoke are 25-44 year-old not qualified worker males. This situation has occurred because of two processes: an important proportion of early quitting (demonstrated even in young adults) and a decrease in the beginning of the habit. Real differences are not observed between males and females with regard to the probability of quitting smoking. These data correct recent estimates that could be influenced by methodological changes in the instruments used. Descriptors Adolescent, Adult, Age Distribution, Aged, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prevalence, Sex Distribution, Smoking/epidemiology/trends, Smoking Cessation, Socioeconomic Factors, Spain/epidemiology, Surveys and Questionnaires Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Villalbi,J. R., Tomas,Z., Lopez,M. J., Rodriguez,M., Nebot,M. Original/Translated Title La cambiante epidemiologia del tabaquismo: Barcelona, 2000-2001 URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

E-mail