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Prevalence of Hookah smoking in relation to religiosity and familial support in college students of Tabriz, northwest of Iran 2014 Department of Public Health, School of Health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran. poorasl@yahoo.com.; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.; Clinical Ps
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Journal of research in health sciences
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Res.Health.Sci.
Pub Date Free Form
Autumn
Volume
14
Issue
4
Start Page
268
Other Pages
271
Notes
LR: 20151119; JID: 101480094; OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/06/30 [received]; 2014/10/25 [accepted]; ppublish
Place of Publication
Iran
ISSN/ISBN
2228-7809; 2228-7795
Accession Number
PMID: 25503281
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
1681 [pii]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
25503281
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Hookah smoking has increased worldwide especially among youth and young adults and has been identified as an emerging threat to public health. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of hookah use and related factors in a sample of Iranian college students. METHODS: This study took place in Tabriz (northwest of Iran) in April and May 2011. The randomly selected sample consisted of 1837 college students. Data was collected in a survey. A self-administered questionnaire was used to measure religious belief, parental support and risk taking behaviors including hookah smoking. Logistic regression model was performed in data analysis. RESULTS: The prevalence of hookah smoking was 8.5% (CI95%: 7.3-9.9). After adjustment, being male (OR= 2.01), living in single house in comparison with living with parents (OR= 2.22), smoking (OR= 5.96) and ever drug abuse (OR= 3.02) were factors associated with students' hookah use. CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed a low prevalence of hookah smoking in Iranian college female students and revealed some of its associated factors. We demonstrated the co-occurrence of risky behaviors which emphasizes the importance of interventions aimed at reducing or preventing different high risk behaviors simultaneously.
Descriptors
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Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Mohammadpoorasl,A., Abbasi Ghahramanloo,A., Allahverdipour,H., Modaresi Esfeh,J.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
State laws prohibiting sales to minors and indoor use of electronic nicotine delivery systems--United States, November 2014 2014
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
MMWR.Morbidity and mortality weekly report
Periodical, Abbrev.
MMWR Morb.Mortal.Wkly.Rep.
Pub Date Free Form
12-Dec
Volume
63
Issue
49
Start Page
1145
Other Pages
1150
Notes
LR: 20151119; JID: 7802429; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); EIN: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2014 Dec 19;63(50):1212; ppublish
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
1545-861X; 0149-2195
Accession Number
PMID: 25503916
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; IM
DOI
mm6349a1 [pii]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
25503916
Abstract
Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), including electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) and other devices such as electronic hookahs, electronic cigars, and vape pens, are battery-powered devices capable of delivering aerosolized nicotine and additives to the user. Experimentation with and current use of e-cigarettes has risen sharply among youths and adults in the United States. Youth access to and use of ENDS is of particular concern given the potential adverse effects of nicotine on adolescent brain development. Additionally, ENDS use in public indoor areas might passively expose bystanders (e.g., children, pregnant women, and other nontobacco users) to nicotine and other potentially harmful constituents. ENDS use could have the potential to renormalize tobacco use and complicate enforcement of smoke-free policies. State governments can regulate the sales of ENDS and their use in indoor areas where nonusers might be involuntarily exposed to secondhand aerosol. To learn the current status of state laws regulating the sales and use of ENDS, CDC assessed state laws that prohibit ENDS sales to minors and laws that include ENDS use in conventional smoking prohibitions in indoor areas of private worksites, restaurants, and bars. Findings indicate that as of November 30, 2014, 40 states prohibited ENDS sales to minors, but only three states prohibited ENDS use in private worksites, restaurants, and bars. Of the 40 states that prohibited ENDS sales to minors, 21 did not prohibit ENDS use or conventional smoking in private worksites, restaurants, and bars. Three states had no statewide laws prohibiting ENDS sales to minors and no statewide laws prohibiting ENDS use or conventional smoking in private worksites, restaurants, and bars. According to the Surgeon General, ENDS have the potential for public health harm or public health benefit. The possibility of public health benefit from ENDS could arise only if 1) current smokers use these devices to switch completely from combustible tobacco products and 2) the availability and use of combustible tobacco products are rapidly reduced. Therefore, when addressing potential public health harms associated with ENDS, it is important to simultaneously uphold and accelerate strategies found by the Surgeon General to prevent and reduce combustible tobacco use, including tobacco price increases, comprehensive smoke-free laws, high-impact media campaigns, barrier-free cessation treatment and services, and comprehensive statewide tobacco control programs.
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Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Marynak,K., Holmes,C.B., King,B.A., Promoff,G., Bunnell,R., McAfee,T., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
Rapid assessment of Ebola infection prevention and control needs--six districts, Sierra Leone, October 2014 2014
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
MMWR.Morbidity and mortality weekly report
Periodical, Abbrev.
MMWR Morb.Mortal.Wkly.Rep.
Pub Date Free Form
12-Dec
Volume
63
Issue
49
Start Page
1172
Other Pages
1174
Notes
JID: 7802429; ppublish
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
1545-861X; 0149-2195
Accession Number
PMID: 25503922
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; IM
DOI
mm6349a7 [pii]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
25503922
Abstract
As of October 31, 2014, the Sierra Leone Ministry of Health and Sanitation had reported 3,854 laboratory-confirmed cases of Ebola virus disease (Ebola) since the outbreak began in May 2014; 199 (5.2%) of these cases were among health care workers. Ebola infection prevention and control (IPC) measures are essential to interrupt Ebola virus transmission and protect the health workforce, a population that is disproportionately affected by Ebola because of its increased risk of exposure yet is essential to patient care required for outbreak control and maintenance of the country's health system at large. To rapidly identify existing IPC resources and high priority outbreak response needs, an assessment by CDC Ebola Response Team members was conducted in six of the 14 districts in Sierra Leone, consisting of health facility observations and structured interviews with key informants in facilities and government district health management offices. Health system gaps were identified in all six districts, including shortages or absence of trained health care staff, personal protective equipment (PPE), safe patient transport, and standardized IPC protocols. Based on rapid assessment findings and key stakeholder input, priority IPC actions were recommended. Progress has since been made in developing standard operating procedures, increasing laboratory and Ebola treatment capacity and training the health workforce. However, further system strengthening is needed. In particular, a successful Ebola outbreak response in Sierra Leone will require an increase in coordinated and comprehensive district-level IPC support to prevent ongoing Ebola virus transmission in household, patient transport, and health facility settings.
Descriptors
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Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Pathmanathan,I., O'Connor,K.A., Adams,M.L., Rao,C.Y., Kilmarx,P.H., Park,B.J., Mermin,J., Kargbo,B., Wurie,A.H., Clarke,K.R., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
Clinical inquiries regarding Ebola virus disease received by CDC--United States, July 9-November 15, 2014 2014
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
MMWR.Morbidity and mortality weekly report
Periodical, Abbrev.
MMWR Morb.Mortal.Wkly.Rep.
Pub Date Free Form
12-Dec
Volume
63
Issue
49
Start Page
1175
Other Pages
1179
Notes
LR: 20150211; JID: 7802429; ppublish
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
1545-861X; 0149-2195
Accession Number
PMID: 25503923
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; IM
DOI
mm6349a8 [pii]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
25503923
Abstract
Since early 2014, there have been more than 6,000 reported deaths from Ebola virus disease (Ebola), mostly in Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone. On July 9, 2014, CDC activated its Emergency Operations Center for the Ebola outbreak response and formalized the consultation service it had been providing to assist state and local public health officials and health care providers evaluate persons in the United States thought to be at risk for Ebola. During July 9-November 15, CDC responded to clinical inquiries from public health officials and health care providers from 49 states and the District of Columbia regarding 650 persons thought to be at risk. Among these, 118 (18%) had initial signs or symptoms consistent with Ebola and epidemiologic risk factors placing them at risk for infection, thereby meeting the definition of persons under investigation (PUIs). Testing was not always performed for PUIs because alternative diagnoses were made or symptoms resolved. In total, 61 (9%) persons were tested for Ebola virus, and four, all of whom met PUI criteria, had laboratory-confirmed Ebola. Overall, 490 (75%) inquiries concerned persons who had neither traveled to an Ebola-affected country nor had contact with an Ebola patient. Appropriate medical evaluation and treatment for other conditions were noted in some instances to have been delayed while a person was undergoing evaluation for Ebola. Evaluating and managing persons who might have Ebola is one component of the overall approach to domestic surveillance, the goal of which is to rapidly identify and isolate Ebola patients so that they receive appropriate medical care and secondary transmission is prevented. Health care providers should remain vigilant and consult their local and state health departments and CDC when assessing ill travelers from Ebola-affected countries. Most of these persons do not have Ebola; prompt diagnostic assessments, laboratory testing, and provision of appropriate care for other conditions are essential for appropriate patient care and reflect hospital preparedness.
Descriptors
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Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Karwowski,M.P., Meites,E., Fullerton,K.E., Stroher,U., Lowe,L., Rayfield,M., Blau,D.M., Knust,B., Gindler,J., Van Beneden,C., Bialek,S.R., Mead,P., Oster,A.M., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
Risk factors for exclusive e-cigarette use and dual e-cigarette use and tobacco use in adolescents 2015 University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii; Twills@cc.hawaii.edu.; University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii;; University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii; and.; University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii;; Norris Cotton
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Pediatrics
Periodical, Abbrev.
Pediatrics
Pub Date Free Form
Jan
Volume
135
Issue
1
Start Page
e43
Other Pages
51
Notes
LR: 20160128; CI: Copyright (c) 2015; GR: P30 CA023108/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: P30 CA071789/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 CA153154/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: U54 MD007584/MD/NIMHD NIH HHS/United States; JID: 0376422; OID: NLM: PMC
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
1098-4275; 0031-4005
Accession Number
PMID: 25511118
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; AIM; IM
DOI
10.1542/peds.2014-0760 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
25511118
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To describe electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use and cigarette use among adolescents and determine whether established risk factors for smoking discriminate user categories. METHODS: School-based survey of 1941 high school students (mean age 14.6 years) in Hawaii; data collected in 2013. The survey assessed e-cigarette use and cigarette use, alcohol and marijuana use, and psychosocial risk and protective variables (eg, parental support, academic involvement, smoking expectancies, peer smoking, sensation seeking). Analysis of variance and multinomial regression examined variation in risk and protective variables across the following categories of ever-use: e-cigarette only, cigarette only, dual use (use of both products), and nonuser (never used either product). RESULTS: Prevalence for the categories was 17% (e-cigarettes only), 12% (dual use), 3% (cigarettes only), and 68% (nonusers). Dual users and cigarette-only users were highest on risk status (elevated on risk factors and lower on protective factors) compared with other groups. E-cigarette only users were higher on risk status than nonusers but lower than dual users. E-cigarette only users and dual users more often perceived e-cigarettes as healthier than cigarettes compared with nonusers. CONCLUSIONS: This study reports a US adolescent sample with one of the largest prevalence rates of e-cigarette only use in the existing literature. Dual use also had a substantial prevalence. The fact that e-cigarette only users were intermediate in risk status between nonusers and dual users raises the possibility that e-cigarettes are recruiting medium-risk adolescents, who otherwise would be less susceptible to tobacco product use.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
by the American Academy of Pediatrics
Data Source
Authors
Wills,T.A., Knight,R., Williams,R.J., Pagano,I., Sargent,J.D.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20141215
PMCID
PMC4279062
Editors
Endoscopic follow-up and management of Barrett's esophagus in relation to its preneoplastic potential 2014
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Hepato-gastroenterology
Periodical, Abbrev.
Hepatogastroenterology
Pub Date Free Form
Jul-Aug
Volume
61
Issue
133
Start Page
1241
Other Pages
1245
Notes
JID: 8007849; ppublish
Place of Publication
Greece
ISSN/ISBN
0172-6390; 0172-6390
Accession Number
PMID: 25513075
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; IM
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
25513075
Abstract
Barrett's esophagus is an acquired clinical condition in which the squamous epithelium of the distal esophagus is replaced by a columnar epithelium. The diagnosis requires histological confirmation of specialized intestinal metaplasia, in which goblet cells must be present. Barrett's esophagus is a risk factor for the development of esophageal adenocarcinoma, a tumor with an incidence and mortality have increased alarmingly in recent years in the western world. It has been estimated that the annual incidence of cancer in patients with Barrett's esophagus has increased from 0.2-2%. Once diagnosed, Barrett's esophagus is estimated to have an annual neoplastic transformation rate of 0.5% per patient. The highlights of the endoscopic diagnosis and treatment are reviewed here, as well as the screening and monitoring of this process.
Descriptors
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Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Navarro-Dourdil,M., Charro-Calvillo,M., Uribarrena-Amezaga,R., Sebastian-Domingo,J.J.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
Residential tap water contamination following the Freedom Industries chemical spill: perceptions, water quality, and health impacts 2015
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Environmental science & technology
Periodical, Abbrev.
Environ.Sci.Technol.
Pub Date Free Form
20-Jan
Volume
49
Issue
2
Start Page
813
Other Pages
823
Notes
JID: 0213155; 0 (4-(1-methylethyl)cyclohexanemethanol); 0 (Drinking Water); 0 (Monoterpenes); 0 (Solvents); 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical); 9002-88-4 (Polyethylene); ppublish
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
1520-5851; 0013-936X
Accession Number
PMID: 25513829
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; IM
DOI
10.1021/es5040969 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
25513829
Abstract
During January 2014, an industrial solvent contaminated West Virginia's Elk River and 15% of the state population's tap water. A rapid in-home survey and water testing was conducted 2 weeks following the spill to understand resident perceptions, tap water chemical levels, and premise plumbing flushing effectiveness. Water odors were detected in all 10 homes sampled before and after premise plumbing flushing. Survey and medical data indicated flushing caused adverse health impacts. Bench-scale experiments and physiochemical property predictions showed flushing promoted chemical volatilization, and contaminants did not appreciably sorb into cross-linked polyethylene (PEX) pipe. Flushing reduced tap water 4-methylcyclohexanemethanol (4-MCHM) concentrations within some but not all homes. 4-MCHM was detected at unflushed (
Descriptors
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Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Whelton,A.J., McMillan,L., Connell,M., Kelley,K.M., Gill,J.P., White,K.D., Gupta,R., Dey,R., Novy,C.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation and reduction 2014 Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 55 Philpot Street, Whitechapel, London, E1 2HJ UK. h.j.mcrobbie@qmul.ac.uk.
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
Periodical, Abbrev.
Cochrane Database Syst.Rev.
Pub Date Free Form
Volume
(12):CD010216. doi
Issue
12
Start Page
CD010216
Other Pages
Notes
LR: 20160602; JID: 100909747; 0 (Nicotinic Agonists); 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); ppublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1469-493X; 1361-6137
Accession Number
PMID: 25515689
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review; IM
DOI
10.1002/14651858.CD010216.pub2 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
25515689
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Electronic cigarettes (ECs) are electronic devices that heat a liquid - usually comprising propylene glycol and glycerol, with or without nicotine and flavours, stored in disposable or refillable cartridges or a reservoir - into an aerosol for inhalation. Since ECs appeared on the market in 2006 there has been a steady growth in sales. Smokers report using ECs to reduce risks of smoking, but some healthcare organisations have been reluctant to encourage smokers to switch to ECs, citing lack of evidence of efficacy and safety. Smokers, healthcare providers and regulators are interested to know if these devices can reduce the harms associated with smoking. In particular, healthcare providers have an urgent need to know what advice they should give to smokers enquiring about ECs. OBJECTIVES: To examine the efficacy of ECs in helping people who smoke to achieve long-term abstinence; to examine the efficacy of ECs in helping people reduce cigarette consumption by at least 50% of baseline levels; and to assess the occurrence of adverse events associated with EC use. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Groups Trials Register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, Embase, and two other databases for relevant records from 2004 to July 2014, together with reference checking and contact with study authors. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in which current smokers (motivated or unmotivated to quit) were randomized to EC or a control condition, and which measured abstinence rates or changes in cigarette consumption at six months or longer. As the field of EC research is new, we also included cohort follow-up studies with at least six months follow-up. We included randomized cross-over trials and cohort follow-up studies that included at least one week of EC use for assessment of adverse events. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: One review author extracted data from the included studies and another checked them. Our main outcome measure was abstinence from smoking after at least six months follow-up, and we used the most rigorous definition available (continuous, biochemically validated, longest follow-up). For reduction we used a dichotomous approach (no change/reduction
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
McRobbie,H., Bullen,C., Hartmann-Boyce,J., Hajek,P.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20141217
PMCID
Editors
Prevalence, distribution, and social determinants of tobacco use in 30 sub-Saharan African countries 2014 Department of Population Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Bandar Sungai Long, Selangor, 43000, Malaysia. chandrashekharats@yahoo.com.; Department of Community Health Sciences, Patan Academy of Health Scienc
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
BMC medicine
Periodical, Abbrev.
BMC Med.
Pub Date Free Form
18-Dec
Volume
12
Issue
Start Page
243
Other Pages
014-0243-x
Notes
LR: 20151028; JID: 101190723; OID: NLM: PMC4296681; 2014/07/20 [received]; 2014/11/21 [accepted]; 2014/12/18 [aheadofprint]; epublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1741-7015; 1741-7015
Accession Number
PMID: 25518855
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; IM
DOI
10.1186/s12916-014-0243-x [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
25518855
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Although the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control prioritizes monitoring of tobacco use by population-based surveys, information about the prevalence and patterns of tobacco use in sub-Saharan Africa is limited. We provide country-level prevalence estimates for smoking and smokeless tobacco (SLT) use and assess their social determinants. METHODS: We analyzed population-based data of the most recent Demographic Health Surveys performed between 2006 and 2013 involving men and women in 30 sub-Saharan African countries. Weighted country-level prevalence rates were estimated for 'current smoking' (cigarettes, pipe, cigars, etc.) and 'current SLT use' (chewing, snuff, etc.). From the pooled datasets for men and women, social determinants of smoking and SLT use were assessed through multivariate analyses using a dummy country variable as a control and by including a within-country sample weight for each country. RESULTS: Among men, smoking prevalence rates were high in Sierra Leone (37.7%), Lesotho (34.1%), and Madagascar (28.5%); low (
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Sreeramareddy,C.T., Pradhan,P.M., Sin,S.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20141218
PMCID
PMC4296681
Editors
Challenges in responding to the ebola epidemic - four rural counties, Liberia, August-November 2014 2014
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
MMWR.Morbidity and mortality weekly report
Periodical, Abbrev.
MMWR Morb.Mortal.Wkly.Rep.
Pub Date Free Form
19-Dec
Volume
63
Issue
50
Start Page
1202
Other Pages
1204
Notes
JID: 7802429; ppublish
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
1545-861X; 0149-2195
Accession Number
PMID: 25522089
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; IM
DOI
mm6350a5 [pii]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
25522089
Abstract
The first cases of Ebola virus disease (Ebola) in West Africa were identified in Guinea on March 22, 2014. On March 30, the first Liberian case was identified in Foya Town, Lofa County, near the Guinean border. Because the majority of early cases occurred in Lofa and Montserrado counties, resources were concentrated in these counties during the first several months of the response, and these counties have seen signs of successful disease control. By October 2014, the epidemic had reached all 15 counties of Liberia. During August 27-September 10, 2014, CDC in collaboration with the Liberian Ministry of Health and Social Welfare assessed county Ebola response plans in four rural counties (Grand Cape Mount, Grand Bassa, Rivercess, and Sinoe, to identify county-specific challenges in executing their Ebola response plans, and to provide recommendations and training to enhance control efforts. Assessments were conducted through interviews with county health teams and health care providers and visits to health care facilities. At the time of assessment, county health teams reported lacking adequate training in core Ebola response strategies and reported facing many challenges because of poor transportation and communication networks. Development of communication and transportation network strategies for communities with limited access to roads and limited means of communication in addition to adequate training in Ebola response strategies is critical for successful management of Ebola in remote areas.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Summers,A., Nyenswah,T.G., Montgomery,J.M., Neatherlin,J., Tappero,J.W., T,N., M,F., M,M., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors