WTS database

Title	Pub Year	Author Sort descending	SearchLink
To Regulate or Not to Regulate? Views on Electronic Cigarette Regulations and Beliefs about the Reasons for and against Regulation	2016	Michigan State University, Department of Advertising and Public Relations, College of Communication Arts and Science, 404 Wilson Road, Lansing, Michigan, United States of America.; Harvard University, TH Chan School of Public Health, Department of Social	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full PloS one Periodical, Abbrev. PLoS One Pub Date Free Form 12-Aug Volume 11 Issue 8 Start Page e0161124 Other Pages Notes JID: 101285081; 2016 [ecollection]; 2016/03/22 [received]; 2016/07/30 [accepted]; 2016/08/12 [epublish]; epublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1932-6203; 1932-6203 Accession Number PMID: 27517716 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0161124 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 27517716 Abstract BACKGROUND: Policies designed to restrict marketing, access to, and public use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are increasingly under debate in various jurisdictions in the US. Little is known about public perceptions of these policies and factors that predict their support or opposition. METHODS: Using a sample of US adults from Amazon Mechanical Turk in May 2015, this paper identifies beliefs about the benefits and costs of regulating e-cigarettes and identifies which of these beliefs predict support for e-cigarette restricting policies. RESULTS: A higher proportion of respondents agreed with 8 different reasons to regulate e-cigarettes (48.5% to 83.3% agreement) versus 7 reasons not to regulate e-cigarettes (11.5% to 18.9%). The majority of participants agreed with 7 out of 8 reasons for regulation. When all reasons to regulate or not were included in a final multivariable model, beliefs about protecting people from secondhand vapor and protecting youth from trying e-cigarettes significantly predicted stronger support for e-cigarette restricting policies, whereas concern about government intrusion into individual choices was associated with reduced support. DISCUSSION: This research identifies key beliefs that may underlie public support or opposition to policies designed to regulate the marketing and use of e-cigarettes. Advocates on both sides of the issue may find this research valuable in developing strategic campaigns related to the issue. IMPLICATIONS: Specific beliefs of potential benefits and costs of e-cigarette regulation (protecting youth, preventing exposure to secondhand vapor, and government intrusion into individual choices) may be effectively deployed by policy makers or health advocates in communicating with the public. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Sanders-Jackson,A., Tan,A.S., Bigman,C.A., Mello,S., Niederdeppe,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20160812 PMCID Editors
Distribution and molecular characterization of genes encoding CTX-M and AmpC beta-lactamases in Escherichia coli isolated from an Indian urban aquatic environment	2015	Microbial Pathogenicity Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi 110021, India.; Microbial Pathogenicity Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Science of the total environment Periodical, Abbrev. Sci.Total Environ. Pub Date Free Form 1-Feb Volume 505 Issue Start Page 350 Other Pages 356 Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2014; JID: 0330500; 0 (Bacterial Proteins); EC 3.5.2.- (beta-lactamase CTX-M-15); EC 3.5.2.6 (AmpC beta-lactamases); EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-Lactamases); OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/06/16 [received]; 2014/08/14 [revised]; 2014/09/25 [accepted]; 2014/10/2 Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 1879-1026; 0048-9697 Accession Number PMID: 25461036 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.09.084 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25461036 Abstract Aquatic environments harboring antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli constitute an important public health concern. Thus, it is important to characterize the resistance genetic elements of waterborne E. coli. It is also important to identify the predominant clonal groups/phylogroups represented by resistant strains to understand the epidemiology of antibiotic resistant E. coli in natural environments, and to identify the role of well-established genotypes in the spread of resistance in a particular geographical area through natural environments. In the present investigation, E. coli strains (n=126) isolated from various points along the river Yamuna traversing through the National Capital Territory of Delhi (India) were grouped phylogenetically. A collection of 61 strains representing all phylogroups was investigated for extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and AmpC production. blaTEM, blaSHV and blaCTX-M genes were detected and analyzed, promoter/attenuator mutations associated with chromosomally-mediated AmpC overexpression were identified, and plasmid-mediated ampC was determined. blaTEM was the most widespread (100%) gene followed by bla(CTX-M) (16%), and plasmid-mediated ampC (3%). bla(CTX-M-15) and bla(CMY-42) were identified as the genes encoding CTX-M type ESBL and CIT type AmpC beta-lactamases, respectively. CTX-M-15 ESBL phenotype was most common in phylogroup D (50%), followed by phylogroups B1 (30%), and A (20%). E. coli that produce plasmid-mediated AmpC were rare and present only in phylogroup D. Presence of multi beta-lactam resistance, bla(CTX-M-15) and bla(CMY-42) in waterborne E. coli belonging to virulence-associated phylogroup D highlights the need for routine surveillance of resistance determinants in aquatic environments. This is also the first report for the presence of bla(CMY-42) in waterborne E. coli. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier B.V Data Source Authors Bajaj,P., Singh,N.S., Kanaujia,P.K., Virdi,J.S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20141029 PMCID Editors
Three-phase succession of autochthonous lactic acid bacteria to reach a stable ecosystem within 7 days of natural bamboo shoot fermentation as revealed by different molecular approaches	2015	Microbial Resources Division, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (IBSD), Takyelpat Institutional Area, Imphal, 795001, Manipur, India.; Department of Biotechnology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, 781014, Assam, India.; Department of Biot	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Molecular ecology Periodical, Abbrev. Mol.Ecol. Pub Date Free Form Jul Volume 24 Issue 13 Start Page 3372 Other Pages 3389 Notes CI: (c) 2015; GENBANK/KJ095611; GENBANK/KJ095612; GENBANK/KJ095613; GENBANK/KJ095614; GENBANK/KJ095615; GENBANK/KJ095616; GENBANK/KJ095617; GENBANK/KJ095618; GENBANK/KJ095619; GENBANK/KJ095620; GENBANK/KJ095621; GENBANK/KJ095627; GENBANK/KJ095628; GENBANK Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1365-294X; 0962-1083 Accession Number PMID: 25963776 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1111/mec.13237 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25963776 Abstract Microbial community structure and population dynamics during spontaneous bamboo shoot fermentation for production of 'soidon' (indigenous fermented food) in North-east India were studied using cultivation-dependent and cultivation-independent molecular approaches. Cultivation-dependent analyses (PCR-amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis and rRNA gene sequencing) and cultivation-independent analyses (PCR-DGGE, qPCR and Illumina amplicon sequencing) were conducted on the time series samples collected from three independent indigenous soidon fermentation batches. The current findings revealed three-phase succession of autochthonous lactic acid bacteria to attain a stable ecosystem within 7 days natural fermentation of bamboo shoots. Weissella spp. (Weissella cibaria, uncultured Weissella ghanensis) and Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris predominated the early phase (1-2 days) which was joined by Leuconostoc citreum during the mid-phase (3 days), while Lactobacillus brevis and Lactobacillus plantarum emerged and became dominant in the late phase (5-7 days) with concurrent disappearance of W. cibaria and L. lactis subsp. cremoris. Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis and uncultured Lactobacillus acetotolerans were predominantly present throughout the fermentation with no visible dynamics. The above identified dominant bacterial species along with their dynamics can be effectively utilized for designing a starter culture for industrialization of soidon production. Our results showed that a more realistic view on the microbial ecology of soidon fermentation could be obtained by cultivation-dependent studies complemented with cultivation-independent molecular approaches. Moreover, the critical issues to be considered for reducing methodological biases while studying the microbial ecology of traditional food fermentation were also highlighted with this soidon fermentation model. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher John Wiley & Sons Ltd Data Source Authors Romi,W., Ahmed,G., Jeyaram,K. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150615 PMCID Editors
Bacterial species associated with traditional starter cultures used for fermented bamboo shoot production in Manipur state of India	2010	Microbial Resources Division, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Takyelpat Institutional Area, Imphal-795001, Manipur, India. saccharomyces@rediffmail.com	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full International journal of food microbiology Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Food Microbiol. Pub Date Free Form 30-Sep Volume 143 Issue 2-Jan Start Page 1 Other Pages 8 Notes CI: Copyright 2010; JID: 8412849; 0 (DNA, Bacterial); 0 (DNA, Intergenic); 0 (DNA, Ribosomal); 0 (RNA, Ribosomal, 16S); 0 (RNA, Ribosomal, 23S); 2010/01/23 [received]; 2010/06/16 [revised]; 2010/07/10 [accepted]; 2010/07/15 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 1879-3460; 0168-1605 Accession Number PMID: 20696489 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2010.07.008 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 20696489 Abstract Soidon is a non-salted acidic fermented food prepared from the succulent bamboo shoot tip of Schizostachyum capitatum Munro by using a traditional liquid starter called "soidon mahi" in Manipur state of India. In this study, 163 bacterial isolates associated with this starter samples were identified and their population distribution was investigated by amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA), 16S rDNA sequencing and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. This acidic starter (pH 4.5+/-0.15) was dominated by a characteristic association of Bacillus and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) together. The population distribution of dominant species were Bacillus subtilis 29.3%, Bacillus cereus 35.7%, Bacillus pumilus 2.6%, Lactobacillus brevis 9.6%, Lactobacillus plantarum 5.1%, Carnobacterium sp. 11.9%, Enterococcus faecium 1.2% and Pseudomonas fluorescens 4.6%. Alarming population load (10(6)-10(7)cfu/ml) of B. cereus in 87% of starter samples studied should raise concern regarding biosafety of soidon consumption. PCR amplification of 16S-23S rDNA intergenic transcribed spacer (ITS) region and ITS-RFLP profiles revealed a high diversity with eight subgroups in B. subtilis, five subgroups in B. cereus and three subgroups in L. brevis isolates. The most abundant B. subtilis subgroup IB.1 distributed in most of the samples showed very less clonal variability during RAPD analysis. The molecular methods used in this study identified the dominant strains of Bacillus and LAB distributed in most of the starter samples. These dominant strains of B. subtilis, L. brevis and L. plantarum would allow for developing a defined starter culture for the production of quality soidon. Descriptors Bacteria/classification/genetics/growth & development, Bacterial Load, Bacterial Typing Techniques/methods, Bambusa/metabolism/microbiology, DNA, Bacterial/analysis, DNA, Intergenic, DNA, Ribosomal, Fermentation, Food Handling, Food Microbiology, Food Safety, India, Plant Shoots, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, RNA, Ribosomal, 23S, Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique, Sequence Analysis, DNA Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier B.V Data Source Authors Jeyaram,K., Romi,W., Singh,T. A., Devi,A. R., Devi,S. S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20100715 PMCID Editors
Cytotoxic effects of BADGE (bisphenol A diglycidyl ether) and BFDGE (bisphenol F diglycidyl ether) on Caco-2 cells in vitro	2006	Microbiology and Biotoxins Area, ANFACO-CECOPESCA, Campus Univ de Vigo, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Archives of Toxicology Periodical, Abbrev. Arch.Toxicol. Pub Date Free Form Nov Volume 80 Issue 11 Start Page 748 Other Pages 755 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 0417615; 0 (Actins); 0 (Benzhydryl Compounds); 0 (Epoxy Compounds); 0 (bisphenol F diglycidyl ether); 36015-30-2 (Propidium); EC 1.1.1.27 (L-Lactate Dehydrogenase); F3XRM1NX4H (2,2-bis(4-glycidyloxyphenyl)propane); 2006/03/21 [received] Place of Publication Germany ISSN/ISBN 0340-5761; 0340-5761 Accession Number PMID: 16783546 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1007/s00204-006-0121-1 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 16783546 Abstract Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) are used as starting substances for the manufacturing of epoxy resins used in internal can coatings. They are obtained by a condensation reaction between epichlorohydrin with bisphenol A and bisphenol F, respectively. These potential endocrine disrupting chemicals are able to enter the food chain and to reach the intestinal epithelium, causing structural and functional damages. The human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line Caco-2 is a widely used in vitro model of the intestinal cells. The aim of this study was to characterize BADGE and BFDGE toxicity in Caco-2 cells, in particular, at the cellular and molecular level. Using several approaches, we characterized BADGE- and BFDGE-induced cell toxicity in Caco-2 cells. The treatment was done using different concentrations up to cytotoxic doses and different times of exposure to the agents. We evaluated the effect of these compounds on cell morphology, cell detachment, cell proliferation, F-actin disruption and plasma membrane integrity. Both compounds are able to induce morphological changes, cell detachment from the substratum and to inhibit cell proliferation, being these effects time and dose-dependent. Moreover, BADGE and BFDGE induce F-actin depolymerization, this effect is very potent at 24 h of incubation with the agents and a complete F-actin disruption can be observed at 200 microM BADGE or BFDGE. In addition, cell integrity is not damaged, since neither propidium iodide uptake nor LDH release takes place in Caco-2 cells exposed to high doses of these agents for 24 h. Descriptors Actins/metabolism, Benzhydryl Compounds, Caco-2 Cells, Cell Adhesion/drug effects, Cell Membrane/drug effects/metabolism, Cell Proliferation/drug effects, Cytoskeleton/drug effects, Epoxy Compounds/toxicity, Humans, L-Lactate Dehydrogenase/metabolism, Propidium/metabolism Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Ramilo,G., Valverde,I., Lago,J., Vieites,J. M., Cabado,A. G. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20060617 PMCID Editors
Reduced Efficiency of Chlorine Disinfection of Naegleria fowleri in a Drinking Water Distribution Biofilm	2015	Microbiology and Immunology, School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia , 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia.; Water for a Healthy Country Flagship, Centre for Environment and Life Sciences, C	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Environmental science & technology Periodical, Abbrev. Environ.Sci.Technol. Pub Date Free Form 15-Sep Volume 49 Issue 18 Start Page 11125 Other Pages 11131 Notes JID: 0213155; 0 (Disinfectants); 0 (Drinking Water); 4R7X1O2820 (Chlorine); 2015/09/02 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1520-5851; 0013-936X Accession Number PMID: 26287820 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1021/acs.est.5b02947 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26287820 Abstract Naegleria fowleri associated with biofilm and biological demand water (organic matter suspended in water that consumes disinfectants) sourced from operational drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs) had significantly increased resistance to chlorine disinfection. N. fowleri survived intermittent chlorine dosing of 0.6 mg/L for 7 days in a mixed biofilm from field and laboratory-cultured Escherichia coli strains. However, N. fowleri associated with an attached drinking water distribution biofilm survived more than 30 times (20 mg/L for 3 h) the recommended concentration of chlorine for drinking water. N. fowleri showed considerably more resistance to chlorine when associated with a real field biofilm compared to the mixed laboratory biofilm. This increased resistance is likely due to not only the consumption of disinfectants by the biofilm and the reduced disinfectant penetration into the biofilm but also the composition and microbial community of the biofilm itself. The increased diversity of the field biofilm community likely increased N. fowleri's resistance to chlorine disinfection compared to that of the laboratory-cultured biofilm. Previous research has been conducted in only laboratory scale models of DWDSs and laboratory-cultured biofilms. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating how N. fowleri can persist in a field drinking water distribution biofilm despite chlorination. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Miller,H.C., Wylie,J., Dejean,G., Kaksonen,A.H., Sutton,D., Braun,K., Puzon,G.J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150902 PMCID Editors
Quercetin and quercetin 3-O-glycosides from Bauhinia longifolia (Bong.) Steud. show anti-Mayaro virus activity	2014	Microbiology Institute, Virology Department, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. davisf@micro.ufrj.br.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Parasites & vectors Periodical, Abbrev. Parasit.Vectors Pub Date Free Form 28-Mar Volume 7 Issue Start Page 130 Other Pages 3305-7-130 Notes LR: 20150514; JID: 101462774; 0 (Antioxidants); 0 (Antiviral Agents); 0 (Glycosides); 9IKM0I5T1E (Quercetin); OID: NLM: PMC3973022; 2014/01/20 [received]; 2014/03/12 [accepted]; 2014/03/28 [aheadofprint]; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1756-3305; 1756-3305 Accession Number PMID: 24678592 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1186/1756-3305-7-130 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24678592 Abstract BACKGROUND: The arthropod-borne Mayaro virus (MAYV) causes 'Mayaro fever', a disease of medical significance, primarily affecting individuals in permanent contact with forested areas in tropical South America. Recently, MAYV has attracted attention due to its likely urbanization. Currently, there are no licensed drugs against most mosquito-transmitted viruses. Here, we investigated the in vitro anti-MAYV activity of the flavonoids quercetin and its derivatives from the Brazilian shrub Bauhinia longifolia (Bong.) Steud. METHODS: Flavonoids were purified by chromatographic fractionation from leaf extracts of B. longifolia and chemically identified as quercetin and quercetin glycosides using spectroscopic techniques. Cytotoxicity of purified flavonoids and of EtOAc- and n-BuOH-containing flavonoid mixtures was measured by the dye-uptake assay while their antiviral activity was evaluated by a virus yield inhibition assay. RESULTS: The following flavonoids were purified from B. longifolia leaves: non-glycosylated quercetin and its glycosides guaijaverin, quercitrin, isoquercitrin, and hyperin. EtOAc and n-BuOH fractions containing these flavonoids demonstrated the highest antiviral activity of all tested substances, while quercetin had the highest antiviral activity amongst purified flavonoids. Quercetin, EtOAc, or n-BuOH fractions inhibited MAYV production by more than 90% at 25 mug/mL, displaying a stronger antiviral effect than the licensed antiviral ribavirin. A mixture of the isomers isoquercitrin and hyperin had a modest antiviral effect (IC90 = 104.9), while guaijaverin and quercitrin did not show significant antiviral activity. CONCLUSIONS: B. longifolia is a good source of flavonoids with anti-Mayaro virus activity. This is the first report of the activity of quercetin and its derivatives against an alphavirus. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors dos Santos,A.E., Kuster,R.M., Yamamoto,K.A., Salles,T.S., Campos,R., de Meneses,M.D., Soares,M.R., Ferreira,D. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20140328 PMCID PMC3973022 Editors
Imported chicken meat as a potential source of quinolone-resistant Escherichia coli producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in the UK	2008	Microbiology Laboratory, Shrewsbury and Telford Hospital NHS Trust, Shrewsbury SY3 8XQ, UK. roderic.warren@homecall.co.uk	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy Periodical, Abbrev. J.Antimicrob.Chemother. Pub Date Free Form Mar Volume 61 Issue 3 Start Page 504 Other Pages 508 Notes JID: 7513617; EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-Lactamases); 2008/01/25 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1460-2091; 0305-7453 Accession Number PMID: 18222958 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1093/jac/dkm517 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18222958 Abstract OBJECTIVES: Escherichia coli producing CTX-M-15 enzyme began to rapidly spread in the UK from around 2003 but other types also occur, notably CTX-M-14. We examined breasts from UK-reared (n = 62) and imported (n = 27) chickens as potential sources of quinolone-resistant E. coli with bla(CTX-M) genes. A further 40 samples for which the country of rearing could not be identified were examined. METHODS: During 2006, 129 fresh and frozen chicken breast fillets were purchased from retail outlets in the West Midlands. These were cultured for E. coli on CLED agar containing 8 mg/L ciprofloxacin and carrying a 10 microg cefpodoxime disc. Resistant isolates were identified and typed by RAPD fingerprinting; bla(CTX-M) was identified by PCR and genotyped by reverse-line hybridization. RESULTS: The country of rearing was identified from the packaging for 89 of 129 purchased samples. Only one of the 62 UK-reared chicken samples carried E. coli producing a CTX-M-1 enzyme, whereas 10 of 27 samples reared overseas had E. coli with CTX-M enzymes. Specifically, 4/10 Brazilian, 3/4 Brazilian/Polish/French, and 2/2 Dutch samples had E. coli with CTX-M-2 enzymes. Six of 40 samples for which the country of rearing was not known had producers of CTX-M enzymes, 5 of them with CTX-M-14. CONCLUSIONS: Quinolone-resistant E. coli with various CTX-M beta-lactamase genes that are common in human infections worldwide were found in imported chicken breasts, indicating a possible source for gut colonization. Samples from Brazil were commonly positive for E. coli with CTX-M-2, the dominant bla(CTX-M) genotype from human infections in South America, which is currently rare in clinical infections in the UK. CTX-M-15, the dominant CTX-M type in human infections in the UK, was not found in chicken isolates, suggesting that the UK-reared chickens are not a reservoir of CTX-M-15. Descriptors Animals, Brazil, Chickens, Drug Resistance, Bacterial/physiology, Escherichia coli/enzymology/isolation & purification, Escherichia coli Infections/microbiology/prevention & control, Europe, Food Contamination/analysis/prevention & control, Food Microbiology, Great Britain, Meat/microbiology, beta-Lactamases/biosynthesis/isolation & purification Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Warren,R. E., Ensor,V. M., O'Neill,P., Butler,V., Taylor,J., Nye,K., Harvey,M., Livermore,D. M., Woodford,N., Hawkey,P. M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20080125 PMCID Editors
Technoeconomic and environmental assessment of industrial organotin compounds	1984	Midwest Research Institute, Kansas City, MO 64110	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Neurotoxicology Periodical, Abbrev. Neurotoxicology Pub Date Free Form 1984/ Volume 5 Issue 2 Start Page 141 Other Pages 158 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0161-813X Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Current uses of organotins include heat stabilizers for polyvinyl chloride (PVC), catalysts for polyurethane foam and silicone rubber, biocides, and animal health products. Domestic production consumption in 1982 is about 28 million pounds, and overall growth is estimated at 7 percent per year. Physical properties of organotins, including solubility in water, octanol-water partition coefficients, and Freundlich adsorption isotherm constants, are not well characterized. Analytical methods for tin in environmental and biological matrices involve concentration, separation, and identification by chromatography, spectrometry, and spectroscopy. Environmental fate and effects of organotins are not well understood. Degradation reactions may yield a complex set of products, including inorganic tin oxide. The effects of exposure of workers and release of organotins to the environment at point sources have been documented. Nonpoint sources of environmental exposure include discard and sanitary landfill disposal of plastics and direct release of biocides to aquatic or marine environments. Other dissipative uses of organotins which pose potential human risk include PVC food wrapping and bottles and rigid potable water pipe. The long term health effects of low level exposure to organotins are not known. Toxic metal cycling in the environment, including biomethylation of inorganic tin by naturally occurring bacteria, is of rising concern. Descriptors drinking water, organotin compound, plastic, rubber, economic aspect, food packaging, health hazard, human, intoxication, occupational exposure, toxin analysis Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Wilkinson,R. R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Results of blood examination in Braubach 1990	1991	Miesen, A., Gesundheitsamt Lahnstein.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Das Offentliche Gesundheitswesen Periodical, Abbrev. Offentl.Gesundheitswes. Pub Date Free Form / Volume 53 Issue 9-Aug Start Page 575 Other Pages 578 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0029-8573 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract In May 1990 491 persons living next to a metallurgical plant in Braubach were examined concerning the concentration of heavy metal in the blood. On account of a modification of the plant, the blood-lead concentration of these persons was, in comparison with former examinations, significantly decreased. Subjects with vocationally exposed relatives showed enhance values. This is probably caused by the penetration of pollutants into the domestic sphere. Contamination of blood by different heavy metals could not be ascertained. Examined hemapaetic parameters were not affected. In scopes with minor lead concentrations in blood indications have proved that the lead pipes of the drinking-water pipe system engendered the contamination. At present further internal neurological and psychological examinations are being performed. Descriptors lead, adolescent, adult, article, blood, chemically induced disorder, child, environmental exposure, female, Germany, human, lead poisoning, male, mass screening, occupational disease Links Book Title Ergebnisse der Blutuntersuchung in Braubach 1990. Database MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Miesen,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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