WTS database

Title	Pub Year	SearchLink
Are primary health care providers prepared to implement an anti-smoking program in Syria?	2011	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Patient Educ Couns Periodical, Abbrev. Patient Educ.Couns. Pub Date Free Form Volume 85 Issue 2 Start Page 201 Other Pages 5 Notes ID: 21168300 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract OBJECTIVE: To document primary health care (PHC) providers' tobacco use, and how this influences their smoking cessation practices and attitudes towards tobacco-control policies. METHODS: Anonymous questionnaires were distributed to PHC providers in 7 randomly selected PHC centers in Aleppo, Syria. RESULTS: All PHC providers completed the questionnaires (100% response rate). A quarter of these providers smoke cigarettes and more than 10% smoke waterpipes. Physicians who smoke were less likely to advise patients to quit (OR=0.29; 95% CI, 0.09-0.95), assess their motivation to quit (OR=0.13, 95% CI=0.02-0.72), or assist them in quitting (OR=0.24, 95% CI=0.06-0.99). PHC providers who smoke were less likely to support a ban on smoking in PHC settings (68.2% vs. 89.1%) and in enclosed public places (68.2% vs. 86.1%) or increases in the price of tobacco products (43.2% vs. 77.4%) (P<0.01 for all comparisons). CONCLUSIONS: Smoking, including waterpipe, continues to be widespread among PHC providers in Syria and will negatively influence implementation of anti-smoking program in PHC settings. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Smoking awareness and cessation interventions targeted to PHC providers, and training programs to build providers' competency in addressing their patients' smoking is crucial in Syria. Descriptors Attitude of Health Personnel, Nurses/psychology, Physicians/psychology, Primary Health Care, Smoking Cessation, Smoking/prevention & control, Smoking/psychology, Adult, Chi-Square Distribution, Female, Humans, Logistic Models, Male, Prevalence, Smoking/epidemiology, Questionnaires, Syria/epidemiology Links http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3074023/?tool=pubmed; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2010.11.011 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Asfar,Taghrid, Al-Ali,Radwan, Ward,Kenneth D., Vander Weg,Mark,W., Maziak,Wasim Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Tobacco use among students aged 13-15 years--Baghdad, Iraq, 2008	2009	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Periodical, Abbrev. MMWR Morb.Mortal.Wkly.Rep. Pub Date Free Form Volume 58 Issue 12 Start Page 305 Other Pages 8 Notes ID: 19343010 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract In 2008, Iraq's parliament ratified the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC), which obligates participants to establish tobacco use monitoring, surveillance, and evaluation systems. Lack of data on adolescent tobacco use in Iraq led the Ministry of Health (MOH) to conduct the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) in Baghdad in 2008. GYTS is a school-based survey of students aged 13--15 years that is self-administered in classes in selected schools. As in most Middle East countries, tobacco use in Iraq takes the form of cigarettes and shisha. Based on GYTS results, 7.4% of students aged 13--15 years reported having ever smoked cigarettes, 12.9% had ever smoked shisha, 3.2% currently smoked cigarettes, and 6.3% currently smoked shisha. Among never smokers aged 13--15 years, 13.0% reported they were likely to initiate cigarette smoking in the next year. Future declines in adolescent tobacco use in Iraq (and Baghdad) could be enhanced by expanding existing tobacco control programs to include prevention and cessation of the use of cigarettes and shisha, implementing measures that discourage adolescents who have never smoked from initiating tobacco use, expanding legislation to ban exposure to secondhand smoke in all indoor workplaces, and enacting legislation banning pro-tobacco advertising and sponsorship. Descriptors Smoking/epidemiology, Students, Adolescent, Advertising as Topic, Data Collection, Female, Humans, Iraq/epidemiology, Male, Public Policy, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/statistics & numerical data Links http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/mdl-19343010 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Tetra-ethyl-ammonium l-malate 1.36-hydrate	2008	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Acta crystallographica.Section E, Structure reports online Periodical, Abbrev. Acta Crystallogr.Sect.E.Struct.Rep.Online Pub Date Free Form 10-Dec Volume 65 Issue Pt 1 Start Page o49 Other Pages 50 Notes LR: 20130329; JID: 101089178; OID: NLM: PMC2967964; 2008/11/12 [received]; 2008/12/01 [accepted]; 2008/12/10 [epublish]; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1600-5368; 1600-5368 Accession Number PMID: 21581690 Language eng SubFile Journal Article DOI 10.1107/S1600536808040348 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 21581690 Abstract The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C(8)H(20)N(+).C(4)H(5)O(5) (-).1.36H(2)O, contains two independent ion pairs, with similar conformations, and three water mol-ecules of crystallization, one water mol-ecule haing a site-occupancy factor of 0.721 (5). Intra-molecular O-Hcdots, three dots, centeredO hydrogen bonds, involving the hydr-oxy groups and an O atom of each carboxyl-ate anion, generate five-membered rings involving S(5) ring motifs. In the crystal structure, mol-ecules are linked together by water mol-ecules through four-membered O-Hcdots, three dots, centeredO-Hcdots, three dots, centeredO-H inter-actions to form one-dimensional infinite chains along the a axis. Since the mol-ecules are also linked into one-dimensional infinite chains along the b axis, mol-ecular sheets parallel to the (001) plane are created. Overall, the crystal structure is stabilized by two intra-molecular O-Hcdots, three dots, centeredO hydrogen bonds, nine inter-molecular O-Hcdots, three dots, centeredO and ten C-Hcdots, three dots, centeredO hydrogen bonds. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Abdul Rahman,M. B., Jumbri,K., Sirat,K., Kia,R., Fun,H. K. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20081210 PMCID PMC2967964 Editors
Comparative study of the effect of cigarette and hubble bubble goza smoking on some essential glucoregulatory hormones	1993	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tanta Medical Journal Periodical, Abbrev. Pub Date Free Form Volume 21 Issue 1 Start Page 103 Other Pages 113 Notes ID: 35382 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language english SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract To compare the effects of Hubble-Bubble Goza] smoking with those of cigarette smoking on insulin, growth hormone and catecholamines secretion, 10 healthy male smokers were studied. Each subject worked as control for himself. After an overnight fast each subject was insucted to smoke 2 non-filtered cigarettes Cleopatra Super, Eastern Company, Egypt], over 10 minutes in one day and in an another day an equivalent amount tobacco as Meassel 7.1 g of the commercialy available Goza Tobacco] using Goza over the same 10 minutes period. Blood samles were assayed for plasma glucose, insulin, growth hormone, adrenaline and noradernaline in the fasting state and 10, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 180 minutes after the end of smoking by the glucose oxidase method for glucose, radioimmunoassay for insulin and growth hormone, and flourometry for catecholamines. The results of the present study showed significant elevation of plasma glucose after both types of smoking, with peak glucose response occurring earlier after Goza smoking. Plasma insulin showed no significant changes after both smoking types. Growth hormone levels were significantly and progressively elevated in both types of smoking. A significant elevation of adrenaline at 10 and 30 minutes and a significant elevation of noradrenaline at 10 minutes after both types of smoking were also observed. The results showed that Hubble-Bubble Goza] smoking produces the same effect on the parameters studied as those of cigarette smoking although the response is a little bit attenuated Descriptors Humans, Male, Comparative Study, Smoking, Tobacco Smoke Pollution, Catecholamines, Growth Hormone, Insulin Links http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/emro-35382 Book Title Database GHL; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Amara,Fahmy Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Patterns of waterpipe tobacco smoking among US young adults, 2013âˆ’ 2014	2017	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full American Journal of Preventive Medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Am.J.Prev.Med. Pub Date Free Form Volume 52 Issue 4 Start Page 507 Other Pages 512 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier Data Source google Authors Salloum, Ramzi G, Thrasher, James F, Getz, Kayla R, Barnett, Tracey E, Asfar, Taghrid, Maziak, Wasim Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Some chemical and biological effects of cigarettes and Hubbell bubble smoking	1990	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Bulletin of Alexandria Faculty of Medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Pub Date Free Form Volume 26 Issue 1 Start Page 175 Other Pages 85 Notes ID: 17970 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language english SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract The study was performed on 50 adult male cigarette and hubble smokers. The aim was to study and compare the cigarette and hubble bubble smoke on some chemical and biological functions of the smoke component. Plasma epinephrine, glucose, lactate/pyruvate ratio, growth hormone, free fatty acids, and cortisol were significantly higher in smokers than non smokers especially cigarette smokers. Plasma insulin concentration showed a significantly delayed response to the increased blood glucose. Plasma proteins, urea, pyruvate, creatinine and vitamin B12 were significantly reduced inn smokers than non smokers especially cigarette smokers. Both blood erythrocytes and leucocytes were increased significantly in smokers. Blood gases showed significantly low PaO2, significant blood level of Co fraction, while PaCO2 was unaffected. Urinary catecholamines were significantly higher in smokers especially in cigarette smokers Descriptors Humans, Male, Smoking/adverse effects, Tobacco/metabolism Links http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/emro-17970 Book Title Database GHL; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Abo Shamaa,M. N., Osman,H. A., Kamel,M. R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Smoking habits among medical students in Central Saudi Arabia	2006	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Saudi Med J Periodical, Abbrev. Saudi Med.J. Pub Date Free Form Volume 27 Issue 5 Start Page 700 Other Pages 3 Notes ID: 16680263 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of smoking habits among male medical students at the College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). METHODS: We carried out this cross-sectional study using Arabic questionnaires distributed to the medical students in the College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, KSA at different educational levels from September 13 to September 25, 2005. A total of 322 medical students completed the questionnaires (response rate 80.5%). RESULTS: The study shows that 13% of male medical students were currently active smokers, 5.3% were ex-smokers, and 38.2% were passive smokers. The types of smoking included sheesha 44.1%, cigarette 32.2%, and both 23.7%. The common reason given for the smoking behavior was the influence of friends (35.6%). The study shows that 57.1% of current smokers were motivated to stop smoking. CONCLUSION: There is an urgent need to promote multi-disciplinary health education activities at different age groups in order to prevent young age students from smoking, and to help smokers to quit. Descriptors Smoking/epidemiology, Students, Medical, Adolescent, Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Health Education, Humans, Male, Prevalence, Saudi Arabia, Smoking/prevention & control, Smoking Cessation, Questionnaires Links http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/mdl-16680263 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Al-Turki,Yousef Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Le narguilÃ© et ses effets sur la santÃ©. Partie I : le narguilÃ©, description gÃ©nÃ©rale et propriÃ©tÃ©s	2009	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Rev Pneumol Clin Periodical, Abbrev. Rev.Pneumol.Clin. Pub Date Free Form Volume 65 Issue 6 Start Page 369 Other Pages 75 Notes ID: 19995660 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language fr SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract A narghile is a water-pipe used to smoke a tobacco preparation. As the smoker inhales, the tobacco smoke is sucked down from the bowl and then bubbles up through the water into the air of the smoke chamber and then through the hose to the smoker. Its origins are mysterious and controversial. Nevertheless it remains, under different names, an object used regularly by more than one hundred million people in the world. Since the eighties and especially nineties, its consumption has grown significantly and is now considered to be a worldwide epidemic. However, the knowledge about the effects of narghile smoke on health is partial and sometimes contradictory. Indeed, we are witnessing increasing confusion in biomedical studies and scientific debate about its health impact is unresolved. Given this situation, revealing a serious and profound lack of information about the real nature and toxicity of hookah smoke, the authors conducted this two-part study. The first part presents epidemiological data, describes the narghile and the different types of narghile tobacco and exposes the composition of narghile smoke. The second part highlights the lack of reliable data about the detrimental effects of the narghile pipe on health and especially on the cardiopulmonary function. Descriptors Cross-Cultural Comparison, Smoking/adverse effects, Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiology, Adolescent, Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Equipment Design, Female, Humans, Incidence, Male, Risk Factors, Smoking/epidemiology, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/adverse effects, Young Adult Links http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pneumo.2009.08.010 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Ben Saad,H. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Harm perception, attitudes and predictors of waterpipe (shisha) smoking among secondary school adolescents in Al-Hassa, Saudi Arabia	2010	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Asian Pac J Cancer Prev Periodical, Abbrev. Pub Date Free Form Volume 11 Issue 2 Start Page 293 Other Pages 301 Notes ID: 20843104 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and social determinants of waterpipe (WP) smoking among secondary school students in Al-Hassa, Saudi Arabia and to assess their health related knowledge and attitudes toward WP. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1,652 Saudi secondary school students of both genders aged between 15-19 years selected by multistage sampling method. A self-administered anonymous Arabic version of Global Youth Tobacco Survey modified with items dedicated to WP smoking and to assess perception of health related hazards and attitudes towards WP was employed for data collection. RESULTS: Prevalence of current smokers 'all forms' was 30.3% among males (C.I= 27.5- 33.2%) and 8.5% in females (C.I= 6.6-10.9%). WP was used by 53.9% of the current tobacco users, significantly higher among older age students. Of the regular WP smokers, 20.7% smoked WP on daily basis, 23.8% weekly, 64.2% stated using flavored " Muassel " tobacco. Primary motives for WP smoking were outings with friends, company, boredom and wasting time. Of the total, 49.7% of students stated that WP smoking is less harmful than cigarettes, 60.5% believed that harmful substances were purified through water filtration, with non-addictive properties in 67.8%. Knowledge about health hazards of WP smoking was low, irrespective of student's smoking status. WP smoking is more socially acceptable than cigarettes (52.1%), represents a good opportunity for gathering of friends and family (33.8%), and smoking of WP can relieve stress and tensions (37.8%). Hierarchical regression analysis showed that socializing motives, cigarette smoking, smoking among close family and friends, male gender and increasing age were positive predictors for WP smoking. CONCLUSION: Social acceptability, poor knowledge of WP health related hazards and certain socio demographics are favoring the increasing current trend of WP use among adolescents in Al Hassa, Saudi Arabia. Descriptors Smoking/epidemiology, Smoking/psychology, Students/psychology, Students/statistics & numerical data, Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiology, Adolescent, Adult, Attitude, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, Male, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Risk-Taking, Saudi Arabia/epidemiology, Schools, Social Environment, Questionnaires, Tobacco Use Disorder/prevention & control, Young Adult Links http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/mdl-20843104 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Amin,Tarek Tawfik, Amr,Mostafa Abdel Monem, Zaza,Burhan Omar, Suleman,Wassem Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Comparison of patterns of use, beliefs, and attitudes related to waterpipe between beginning and established smokers	2005	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full BMC Public Health Periodical, Abbrev. BMC Public Health Pub Date Free Form Volume 5 Issue Start Page 19 Other Pages 19 Notes ID: 15733316 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract BACKGROUND: To compare patterns of use, beliefs, and attitudes related to waterpipe smoking between university students (beginning smokers) and cafe customers (established smokers) in Aleppo Syria, in order to explore the evolution of this smoking method. METHODS: Two cross-sectional surveys were conducted among representative samples of university students (total 587, 48.4% men, mean age 22 years), and waterpipe users among cafe' customers (total 268, 60% men, mean age 30 years) in Aleppo, Syria. We used interviewer-administered questionnaire inquiring about pattern of waterpipe smoking (initiation, frequency), situational characteristics of use (partner, place, sharing), beliefs related to waterpipe smoking (harmful/addictive properties of waterpipe), attitudes related to waterpipe smoking (confidence in quitting, will to quit, motivation for quitting, past year quit attempt), and cigarette smoking. RESULTS: Daily and regular patterns of smoking become more prevalent with increased duration of smoking, but intermittent smoking remains the predominant pattern of waterpipe use. Women seem to be drawn later to the habit, which seem to escape the usual taboo against women's cigarette smoking. Patterns and context of waterpipe use tend to change with progress of the practice affecting frequency, setting, and sharing of waterpipe. Unlike beginners, established waterpipe smokers seem more smoking-method oriented, more hooked on the habit, less willing to quit, and less likely to foresee challenges to quitting. CONCLUSION: Use patterns and attitudes related to waterpipe smoking evolve to accommodate the change in dependence and life circumstances of the smoker. Most of use features, beliefs, attitudes, as well as time-course seem unique to this smoking method requiring novel approach to intervention. Descriptors Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Restaurants, Smoking/psychology, Social Perception, Students/psychology, Universities, Activities of Daily Living/psychology, Adolescent, Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Prevalence, Sex Factors, Smoking/adverse effects, Smoking/epidemiology, Questionnaires, Syria/epidemiology, Time Factors, Water Links http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC553967/?tool=pubmed Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Asfar,Taghrid, Ward,Kenneth D., Eissenberg,Thomas, Maziak,Wasim Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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