Image
WTS Database
The subject of interest is:
waterpipe, water-pipe, nargile, narghile, arguileh, arguile, shisha, sheesha, chichi, hubble bubble, hubbly bubbly, goza, hookah, bong
| Title | Pub Year | Author Sort ascending | SearchLink |
|---|---|---|---|
| Is self interdental cleaning associated with dental plaque levels, dental calculus, gingivitis and periodontal disease? | 2012 | Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, School of Dentistry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. leonard.crocombe@adelaide.edu.au | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Journal of periodontal research
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Periodontal.Res.
Pub Date Free Form
Apr
Volume
47
Issue
2
Start Page
188
Other Pages
197
Notes
CI: (c) 2011; JID: 0055107; 0 (Chewing Gum); 0 (Mouthwashes); 2011/09/28 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
Denmark
ISSN/ISBN
1600-0765; 0022-3484
Accession Number
PMID: 21954940
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; D; IM
DOI
10.1111/j.1600-0765.2011.01420.x [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
21954940
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To ascertain whether interdental cleaning behaviours of Australian adults were associated with lower levels of plaque, gingivitis and periodontal disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data were obtained from the National Survey of Adult Oral Health 2004-06. Outcome variables were three indicators of oral hygiene outcomes (the presence or not of dental plaque, dental calculus and gingivitis) and two of periodontal disease (the presence or not of at least one tooth with a periodontal pocket or clinical attachment loss of >/= 4 mm). The independent variable was classified into the following three groups: regularly clean interproximally 'at least daily' (daily+); 'less than daily' (
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
John Wiley & Sons A/S
Data Source
Authors
Crocombe,L.A., Brennan,D.S., Slade,G.D., Loc,D.O.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20110928
PMCID
Editors
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| Ebola viral hemorrhagic disease outbreak in West Africa- lessons from Uganda | 2014 | Associate Professor, School of Public Health- Makerere University &, Commissioner Health Services, Ministry of Health, Box 7272, Kampala, Uganda.; Senior Epidemiologist, Epidemiology and Surveillance Division, Ministry of Health, Box 7272, Kampala, Uganda | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
African health sciences
Periodical, Abbrev.
Afr.Health.Sci.
Pub Date Free Form
Sep
Volume
14
Issue
3
Start Page
495
Other Pages
501
Notes
LR: 20151029; JID: 101149451; CIN: Afr Health Sci. 2014 Dec;14(4):1085. PMID: 25834522; OID: NLM: PMC4209631; OTO: NOTNLM; ppublish
Place of Publication
Uganda
ISSN/ISBN
1729-0503; 1680-6905
Accession Number
PMID: 25352864
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; IM
DOI
10.4314/ahs.v14i3.1 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
25352864
Abstract
BACKGROUND: There has been a rapid spread of Ebola Viral Hemorrhagic disease in Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone since March 2014. Since this is the first time of a major Ebola outbreak in West Africa; it is possible there is lack of understanding of the epidemic in the communities, lack of experience among the health workers to manage the cases and limited capacities for rapid response. The main objective of this article is to share Uganda's experience in controlling similar Ebola outbreaks and to suggest some lessons that could inform the control of the Ebola outbreak in West Africa. METHODS: The article is based on published papers, reports of previous Ebola outbreaks, response plans and experiences of individuals who have participated in the control of Ebola epidemics in Uganda. Lessons learnt: The success in the control of Ebola epidemics in Uganda has been due to high political support, effective coordination through national and district task forces. In addition there has been active surveillance, strong community mobilization using village health teams and other community resources persons, an efficient laboratory system that has capacity to provide timely results. These have coupled with effective case management and infection control and the involvement of development partners who commit resources with shared responsibility. CONCLUSION: Several factors have contributed to the successful quick containment of Ebola outbreaks in Uganda. West African countries experiencing Ebola outbreaks could draw some lessons from the Uganda experience and adapt them to contain the Ebola epidemic.
Descriptors
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Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Mbonye,A.K., Wamala,J.F., Nanyunja,M., Opio,A., Makumbi,I., Aceng,J.R.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
PMC4209631
Editors
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| Shear Bond Strength of an Etch-and-rinse Adhesive to Er:YAG Laser- and/or Phosphoric Acid-treated Dentin | 2013 | Associate Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Journal of dental research, dental clinics, dental prospects
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Dent.Res.Dent.Clin.Dent.Prospects
Pub Date Free Form
Volume
7
Issue
2
Start Page
67
Other Pages
73
Notes
LR: 20130724; JID: 101576035; OID: NLM: PMC3713863; OTO: NOTNLM; 2012/09/04 [received]; 2013/02/24 [accepted]; 2013/05/30 [epublish]; ppublish
Place of Publication
Iran
ISSN/ISBN
2008-210X; 2008-210X
Accession Number
PMID: 23875083
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article
DOI
10.5681/joddd.2013.012 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
23875083
Abstract
Background and aims. Er:YAG laser irradiation has been claimed to improve the adhesive properties of dentin; therefore, it has been proposed as an alternative to acid etching. The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the shear bond strength of an etch-and-rinse adhesive system to dentin surfaces following Er:YAG laser and/or phosphoric acid etching. Materials and methods. The roots of 75 sound maxillary premolars were sectioned below the CEJ and the crowns were embedded in auto-polymerizing acrylic resin with the buccal surfaces facing up. The buccal surfaces were ground using a diamond bur and polished until the dentin was exposed; the samples were randomly divided into five groups (n=15) according to the surface treatment: (1) acid etching; (2) laser etching; (3) laser etching followed by acid etching; (4) acid etching followed by laser etching and (5) no acid etching and no laser etching (control group). Composite resin rods (Point 4, Kerr Co) were bonded to treated dentin surfaces with an etch-and-rise adhesive system (Optibond FL, Kerr Co) and light-cured.After storage for two weeks at 37 degrees C and 100% humidity and then thermocycling, bond strength was measured with a Zwick Universal Testing Machine at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. Data was analyzed using parametric and non-parametric tests (P
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Davari,A., Sadeghi,M., Bakhshi,H.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20130530
PMCID
PMC3713863
Editors
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| The Prevalence of at Least One-Time Substance Abuse among Kerman Pre-university Male Students | 2010 | Associate Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.; General Practitioner, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.; Associate Professor, Departm | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Addiction & health
Periodical, Abbrev.
Addict.Health.
Pub Date Free Form
Summer-Autumn
Volume
2
Issue
4-Mar
Start Page
103
Other Pages
110
Notes
LR: 20140305; JID: 101582275; OID: NLM: PMC3905513; OTO: NOTNLM; 2010/01/08 [received]; 2011/04/19 [accepted]; ppublish
Place of Publication
Iran
ISSN/ISBN
2008-4633; 2008-4633
Accession Number
PMID: 24494108
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
24494108
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Substance abuse is one of the main health problems in Iran andawareness about its spread and procedure of spread in the society,particularly the susceptible society of students, is very important withregard to the population pyramid of Iran. METHODS: This study was performed by cross-sectional method. The sampling sizewas 610 male students in pre-university grade by a probabilistic clustersampling. Our research instrument was the WHO questionnaire. FINDINGS: The experience of smoking cigarettes was seen in 34.6% of thestudents, 51.5% used hookah, 37.7% drank alcohol, 40.7% used nonprescribedtranquilizers, 10.2% used high-dosage painkillers, 6.6% usedecstasy, 6.7% hashish, 4.9% heroin, 8.7% opium and 9.7% used Pam orchewable tobacco. The first age of experiencing smoking cigarette was 14.0, hookah 13.9,alcohol 14.6, tranquilizers 13.1, high-dosage painkillers 15.3, ecstasy17.0, hashish 16.7, heroin 16.7, opium 16.7 and using chewable tobacco15.3 years. The improper use of ecstasy pills, opium, heroin andchewable tobacco was more in governmental schools compared withnon-profit school centers. There was a relationship between the low educational level of the fatherand consuming alcohol, strong intoxicants, heroin, opium, pam andexcessive use of cigarettes. On the other hand, there was a relationship between the low educationallevel of the mother with using cigarettes, hookah, alcohol, tranquilizers,strong painkillers, ecstasy, heroin, opium, pam and excessive usage of cigarettes. CONCLUSION: According to this study, in spite of the fact that drug abuse is at awarning rate, the tendency toward hookah, tranquilizers and alcohol is noticeable.
Descriptors
Iran, Kerman, Sbstance abuse, Students
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Ziaaddini,H., Sharifi,A., Nakhaee,N., Ziaaddini,A.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
PMC3905513
Editors
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| Study of biofilm in bacteria from water pipelines | 2015 | Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology, AIIMS , Bhubaneswar S.C.B. Medical College, Cuttack, Odisha, India .; Undergraduate Student, S.C.B. Medical College , Cuttack, Odisha, India .; Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, S.C.B. Medica | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Journal of clinical and diagnostic research : JCDR
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Clin.Diagn.Res.
Pub Date Free Form
Mar
Volume
9
Issue
3
Start Page
DC09
Other Pages
11
Notes
LR: 20150510; JID: 101488993; OID: NLM: PMC4413065; OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/12/04 [received]; 2015/02/12 [accepted]; 2015/03/01 [epublish]; ppublish
Place of Publication
India
ISSN/ISBN
2249-782X; 0973-709X
Accession Number
PMID: 25954617
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article
DOI
10.7860/JCDR/2015/12415.5715 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
25954617
Abstract
CONTEXT: A biofilm is a layer of microorganisms contained in a matrix (slime layer), which forms on surfaces in contact with water. Their presence in drinking water pipe networks can be responsible for a wide range of water quality and operational problems. AIM: To identify the bacterial isolates, obtained from water pipelines of kitchens, to evaluate the water quality & to study the biofilm producing capacity of the bacterial isolates from various sources. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: A prospective study using water samples from aqua guard & pipelines to kitchens of S.C.B Medical College hostels. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Standard biochemical procedures for bacterial identification, multiple tube culture & MPN count to evaluate water quality & tissue culture plate (TCP) method for biofilm detection was followed. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: STATA software version 9.2 from STATA Corporation, College station road, 90 Houston, Texas was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: One hundred eighty seven isolates were obtained from 45 water samples cultured. The isolates were Acinetobacter spp. (44), Pseudomonas spp.(41), Klebsiella spp.(36) & others . Biofilm was detected in (37) 19.78 % of the isolates (95% CI 30.08% -43.92%) including Acinetobacter spp.-10, Klebsiella spp. - 9, Pseudomonas spp. - 9, & others, majority (34) of which were from kitchen pipelines. CONCLUSION: Water from pipeline sources was unsatisfactory for consumption as the MPN counts were > 10. Most of the biofilm producers were gram negative bacilli & Pseudomonas & Acinetobacter spp. were strong (4+) biofilm producers.
Descriptors
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Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Mahapatra,A., Padhi,N., Mahapatra,D., Bhatt,M., Sahoo,D., Jena,S., Dash,D., Chayani,N.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20150301
PMCID
PMC4413065
Editors
|
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| A Systematic Review of Effects of Waterpipe Smoking on Cardiovascular and Respiratory Health Outcomes | 2016 | Associate Dean for Academic Affairs, College of Nursing, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.; Assistant Professor, College of Nursing, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.; Professor and Schmidt Family Foundation Distinguished Professor, | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Tobacco use insights
Periodical, Abbrev.
Tob Use Insights
Pub Date Free Form
5-Jul
Volume
9
Issue
Start Page
13
Other Pages
28
Notes
LR: 20160713; JID: 101608659; OID: NLM: PMC4934173; OTO: NOTNLM; 2016 [ecollection]; 2016/04/05 [received]; 2016/06/01 [revised]; 2016/06/03 [accepted]; 2016/07/05 [epublish]; epublish
Place of Publication
New Zealand
ISSN/ISBN
1179-173X; 1179-173X
Accession Number
PMID: 27398028
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Review
DOI
10.4137/TUI.S39873 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
27398028
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Waterpipe smoking (WPS) is a social custom common in many Middle Eastern, North African, and Asian countries and has become increasingly popular in the US, especially among youth; however, WPS smoking may be increasing in the US adult population as well. There is a common belief among waterpipe (WP) smokers that WPS is less harmful than smoking cigarettes. Thus, this review aims to systematically explore the literature on the effects of WP tobacco smoking with a particular focus on cardiovascular and respiratory health outcomes as well as on oxidative stress, immunity, and cell cycle interference health outcomes. METHODOLOGY: We conducted a systematic review, guided by the criteria of The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, using the following online databases MEDLINE, CINAHL, ScienceDirect, PMC, and Cochrane Library. Results were summarized qualitatively. RESULTS: Forty studies met the inclusion criteria established for this review. Based on the existing evidence, several cardiovascular and respiratory physiologic health indicators and conditions have been shown to be negatively affected by WPS. In addition to the effects of nicotine and chemical toxicant exposures, WPS was significantly associated with an increase in heart rate, blood pressure, and lower pulmonary function test results, as well as a number of health conditions such as lung cancer, alterations in oxidative stress, immunity, and cell cycle interference. CONCLUSION: The current literature provides evidence that WPS is associated with a number of negative health indicators and outcomes. There is need for more research related to WPS and its effects on health so that appropriate campaigns and prevention interventions can be implemented to control the epidemic increase of WPS in the US.
Descriptors
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Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Haddad,L., Kelly,D.L., Weglicki,L.S., Barnett,T.E., Ferrell,A.V., Ghadban,R.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20160705
PMCID
PMC4934173
Editors
|
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| Comparison of Cotinine Salivary Levels in Hookah Smokers, Passive Smokers, and Non-Smokers | 2015 | Assistant Professor, Oral and Dental Disaese Research Center AND Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Zahedan University of Medical Sciencse, Zahedan, Iran.; Associate Professor, Oral and Dental Research Center AND Department of Oral Medicine | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Addiction & health
Periodical, Abbrev.
Addict.Health.
Pub Date Free Form
Summer-Autumn
Volume
7
Issue
4-Mar
Start Page
184
Other Pages
191
Notes
LR: 20160219; JID: 101582275; OID: NLM: PMC4741239; OTO: NOTNLM; ppublish
Place of Publication
Iran
ISSN/ISBN
2008-4633; 2008-4633
Accession Number
PMID: 26885355
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
26885355
Abstract
BACKGROUND: At present smoking is considered a great health-related problem. Smoking cigarettes and use of tobacco are on the rise in the Middle East countries; therefore, the number of people exposed to passive cigarette smoke is increasing, too. The aim of the present study was to determine and compare salivary cotinine levels in hookah smokers, individuals exposed to passive cigarette smoke and non-smoker (passive smokers). METHODS: In the present cross-sectional study, unstimulated salivary samples were collected from 150 subjects, including 50 hookah smokers, 50 passive smokers, and 50 non-smokers. Bioassay Technology Laboratory cotinine kit was used to determine salivary levels of cotinine using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique at a sensitivity rate of 0.019 pg/ml. Data were analyzed with SPSS software using t-test and Pearson's correlation coefficient. FINDINGS: The highest salivary cotinine levels were recorded in hookah users (20.24 +/- 5.62 ng/ml), followed by passive smokers (16.09 +/- 3.51 ng/ml), in descending order. No detectable cotinine levels were observed in non-smokers. Pearson's correlation coefficient showed a strong and positive correlation between use of hookah and salivary cotinine levels (r = 0.932, P = 0.001). CONCLUSION: Based on the results of the present study, salivary cotinine levels were higher in hookah smokers compared with passive smokers and non-smokers, in descending order.
Descriptors
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Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Nosratzehi,T., Arbabi-Kalati,F., Alijani,E., Tajdari,H.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
PMC4741239
Editors
|
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| Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking Prevalence and Associated Factors in the Southeast of Iran | 2017 | Assistant Professor, HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.; Senior Researcher, Modeling in Health Re(TRUNCATED | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Addiction & health
Periodical, Abbrev.
Addict.Health.
Pub Date Free Form
Apr
Volume
9
Issue
2
Start Page
72
Other Pages
80
Notes
LR: 20181113; JID: 101582275; OTO: NOTNLM; 2018/01/05 06:00 [entrez]; 2018/01/05 06:00 [pubmed]; 2018/01/05 06:01 [medline]; ppublish
Place of Publication
Iran
ISSN/ISBN
2008-4633; 2008-4633
Accession Number
PMID: 29299209
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
29299209
Abstract
Background: Waterpipe smoking is a growing public health threat worldwide. The aim of this study was to assess waterpipe smoking prevalence and its associated factors among Iranian adults. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Kerman, Iran, recruiting 1090 adult participants using multistage sampling in 2016. A self-reported researcher-designed questionnaire was used. The socio-demographic characteristics and waterpipe smoking behaviors such as pattern, duration, and the most common place of waterpipe use, the type of tobacco, and the concurrent use of alcohol and substances were assessed. Data analyses were performed using chi-square, independent t-test, and multiple logistic regression. Findings: The prevalence of ever, current and daily waterpipe smoking were 43.8%, 28.8%, and 7.2%, respectively. Men initiated to use waterpipe in more early ages than women (P
Descriptors
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Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Danaei,M., Jabbarinejad-Kermani,A., Mohebbi,E., Momeni,M.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
PMC5742413
Editors
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| Periodontal Health Condition and Associated Factors among University Students, Yemen | 2015 | Assistant Professor, Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Sana'a University , Sana'a, Yemen; Department of Pedodontics, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Al-Farabi Colleges, Riyadh, Saudi .; Assistant Professor, Department of Oral Me | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Journal of clinical and diagnostic research : JCDR
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Clin.Diagn.Res.
Pub Date Free Form
Dec
Volume
9
Issue
12
Start Page
ZC30
Other Pages
3
Notes
LR: 20160202; JID: 101488993; OID: NLM: PMC4717690; OTO: NOTNLM; 2015/08/23 [received]; 2015/10/23 [accepted]; 2015/12/01 [epublish]; ppublish
Place of Publication
India
ISSN/ISBN
2249-782X; 0973-709X
Accession Number
PMID: 26813290
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article
DOI
10.7860/JCDR/2015/16435.6964 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
26813290
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Studies on oral health status among Yemeni population are scarce. AIM: This study aimed to evaluate the periodontal health among advantaged section of Yemeni society, university students, in health and non-health fields. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Periodontal health status of a sample of 360 students from dental, medical and literature faculties (120 each with equal gender distribution) at Sana'a University was evaluated by two calibrated examiners using CPI index. Data regarding tooth-brushing practices and smoking and khat chewing habits were obtained using a structured interview questionnaire. RESULTS: Only 45 students (12.5%) had healthy periodontium, while 113 (31.4%), 186 (51.7%) and 16 (4.4%) had bleeding, calculus and shallow pocket, respectively, with no significant differences between faculties. Females revealed significantly better periodontal health compared to males, though their bleeding score was higher. Dental and medical students and female students in general were significantly more interested in tooth-brushing and significantly less interested in practicing the deleterious habits such as smoking and khat chewing. CONCLUSION: The overall periodontal health of Sana'a University students is still unsatisfactory even among students in health field. Females and students in health field revealed better periodontal health and oral health practices (tooth-brushing) in comparison to male students and those in non-health field. The negative effects of the highly prevalent smoking and khat chewing habits deserve further reliable researches and proper educational programs at the national level.
Descriptors
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Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Dhaifullah,E., Al-Maweri,S.A., Al-Motareb,F., Halboub,E., Elkhatat,E., Baroudi,K., Tarakji,B.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20151201
PMCID
PMC4717690
Editors
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| Development and Psychometric Properties of Risk and Protective Factors of Substance Use Scale in Iran: An Application of Social Development Model | 2015 | Assistant Professor, Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Health, Health Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; PhD Candidate, Community Based Participatory Research Center, Iranian Institute for Reduc | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Addiction & health
Periodical, Abbrev.
Addict.Health.
Pub Date Free Form
Summer-Autumn
Volume
7
Issue
4-Mar
Start Page
117
Other Pages
129
Notes
LR: 20160219; JID: 101582275; OID: NLM: PMC4741232; OTO: NOTNLM; ppublish
Place of Publication
Iran
ISSN/ISBN
2008-4633; 2008-4633
Accession Number
PMID: 26885348
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
26885348
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Substance use is a growing public health problem among adolescents. In the lack of a valid and reliable instrument based on social development model (SDM), this study aimed to develop risk and protective factors of substance use scale based on SDM to determine risk and protective factors influencing substance use among adolescents. METHODS: A total of 235 male students from 9th and 10th grade (14-18 years old) of public high schools in Kerman, Iran, selected through multistage cluster sampling. Items pool extracted from the literature and focus groups with male adolescents. Face validity of the questionnaire assessed for readability and clarity of items. Then, an expert panel evaluated the items for content validity. Consequently, construct validity of questionnaire confirmed through exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Known group validity is determined by the degree to which the instrument shows different scores between two groups of those who had an experience in drug use and those who did not have such an experience. In addition, reliability assessed via internal consistency and test-retest. FINDINGS: About 10 factor solution (containing 38 items) emerged as a result of EFA entitled adolescent's "beliefs on hookah and alcohol," "bonding to parents," "family rules on substance use," "drug resistance skills," "adolescent's beliefs on hard drugs," "situational perception on hookah and alcohol," "rules of school," "situational perception on hard drugs," "attachment to school," and "perceived opportunity at school." The first four emerged factors explained 46% of the total variance observed. Among these factors, adolescent's beliefs on hookah and alcohol explained a more than 25.3% of the total variance. Results indicated satisfactory internal consistency (Cronbach cents alpha ranging from 0.71 to 0.85) and intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) (ranging from 0.48 to 0.81). CONCLUSION: The risk and protective factors of substance use questionnaire are the first instrument based on the SDM. The findings showed that this questionnaire is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing determinants of substance use which can be used by researchers and policymakers in preventive initiatives.
Descriptors
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Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Iranpour,A., Jamshidi,E., Nakhaee,N., Haghdoost,A.A., Shojaeizadeh,D., Eftekhar-Ardabili,M., Eftekhar-Ardabili Mph,H.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
PMC4741232
Editors
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