WTS database

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Self-etch bonding agent beneath sealant: Bond strength for laser-irradiated enamel	2013	Department of Pediatric Clinics, Preventive and Community Dentistry, Dental School of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, 14040-904, Brazil.; Department of Pediatric Clinics, Preventive and Community Dentistry, Dental School of Ri	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full European journal of dentistry Periodical, Abbrev. Eur.J.Dent. Pub Date Free Form Jul Volume 7 Issue 3 Start Page 289 Other Pages 295 Notes LR: 20140616; JID: 101303672; OID: NLM: PMC4053617; OTO: NOTNLM; ppublish Place of Publication India ISSN/ISBN 1305-7456 Accession Number PMID: 24926208 Language eng SubFile Journal Article DOI 10.4103/1305-7456.115412 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24926208 Abstract OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated the in vitro shear bond strength (SBS) of a resin-based pit-and-fissure sealant (Fluroshield [F], Dentsply/Caulk) associated with either an etch-and-rinse (Adper Single Bond 2 [SB], 3M/ESPE) or a two-step self-etch adhesive system (Adper SE Plus [SE], 3M/ESPE) on Er: YAG laser-irradiated enamel. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventeen sound third molar crowns were embedded in acrylic resin, and the mesial-distal enamel surfaces were flattened. The enamel sites were irradiated with a 2.94-mum wavelength Er: YAG laser (120 mJ, 4 Hz, noncontact mode/17 mm, 20 s). The specimens were randomly assigned to three groups according to the bonding technique: I - 37% phosphoric acid etching + SB + F; II - SE + F and III - F applied to acid-etched enamel, without an intermediate layer of bonding agent. In all of the groups, a 3-mm diameter enamel-bonding site was demarcated and the sealant cylinders were bonded. After 24 hours in distilled water, the shear bond strength was tested at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/minute. The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test. The debonded specimens were examined with a stereomicroscope to assess the failure modes. RESULTS: The mean SBS values in MPa were I = 6.39 (+/-1.44); II = 9.50 (+/-2.79); and III = 5.26 (+/-1.82). No statistically significant differences were observed between groups I and III; SE/F presented a significantly higher SBS than that of the other groups (P = 0.001). With regard to the failure mode, groups I (65%) and II (75%) presented adhesive failures, while group III showed 50% adhesive failure. Cohesive failure did not occur. CONCLUSION: The application of the two-step self-etch bonding agent (Adper SE Plus) beneath the resin pit-and-fissure sealant placement resulted in a significantly higher bond strength for the Er:YAG laser-irradiated enamel. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Borsatto,M.C., Giuntini Jde,L., Contente,M.M., Gomes-Silva,J.M., Torres,C.P., Galo,R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID PMC4053617 Editors
Self-etching primer vs phosphoric acid: an alternative concept for composite-to-enamel bonding	1999	University of Kiel, Clinic of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Germany.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Operative dentistry Periodical, Abbrev. Oper.Dent. Pub Date Free Form May-Jun Volume 24 Issue 3 Start Page 172 Other Pages 180 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 7605679; 0 (Clearfil Liner Bond 2); 0 (Composite Resins); 0 (Dental Cements); 0 (Dentin-Bonding Agents); 0 (Diphosphates); 0 (Etch&Prime); 0 (Methacrylates); 0 (Monobond S); 0 (Phosphoric Acids); 0 (Polymers); 3K9958V90M (Ethanol); Place of Publication UNITED STATES ISSN/ISBN 0361-7734; 0361-7734 Accession Number PMID: 10530279 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; D DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 10530279 Abstract The purpose of this in vitro study was (1) to investigate the composite-to-enamel bond strength and (2) to analyze the marginal adaptation of resin composite restorations in class 2 cavities using three self-etching priming agents in comparison to conventional phosphoric acid etching and bonding application. In the first part of the study 24 extracted bovine incisors were embedded in acrylic resin and ground flat with 800-grit paper. The following three self-etching priming agents/composite resins were applied to the enamel surfaces of six teeth each: Clearfil Liner Bond 2/Clearfil AP-X (Group I), Etch & Prime 3.0/Degufill mineral (Group II), Resulcin AquaPrime + MonoBond/Ecusit (Group III). In Group IV Ecusit-Mono/Ecusit was used after enamel etching with phosphoric acid (37%). Shear bond strength values measured on a T22 K testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min were: 24.2 +/- 3.0 MPa (Group I), 21.9 +/- 1.4 MPa (II), 34.0 +/- 3.6 MPa (III), and 26.3 +/- 1.8 MPa (IV). ANOVA revealed significant (P < 0.05) differences in shear bond strength between groups, except comparison of Group I and II, and Group I and IV. In the second part of the study 24 standardized class 2 cavity preparations with the approximal box extending 1 mm above the CEJ were prepared in extracted human molars. Enamel margins were beveled and the teeth were divided into four groups of six teeth each. Cavities were restored using the self-etching priming agents Clearfil Liner Bond 2 (Group I), Etch & Prime 3.0 (Group II), and Resulcin AquaPrime + MonoBond (Group III). In Group IV composite resin restorations were placed after 37% phosphoric acid etching and bonding application (Ecusit-Mono). Quantitative SEM analysis of the marginal adaptation of the restorations after thermocycling (5-55 degrees C, 2500 cycles) and mechanical loading (100 N, 500,000 cycles) revealed excellent, gap-free margins in 91.2% (Group I), 93.0% (Group II), 92.0% (Group III), and 92.5% (Group IV) of the restorations' approximal area. There were no statistically significant differences between the four groups (P < 0.05). In conclusion, results of the present in vitro study indicate that use of self-etching primers may be an alternative to conventional phosphoric acid pre-treatment in composite-to-enamel bonding restorative techniques. Descriptors Acid Etching, Dental, Animals, Cattle, Composite Resins, Dental Bonding/methods, Dental Cements, Dental Enamel, Dental Marginal Adaptation, Dental Restoration, Permanent/methods, Dentin-Bonding Agents, Diphosphates, Ethanol, Humans, Materials Testing, Methacrylates, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Phosphoric Acids, Polymers/chemistry, Tensile Strength Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Hannig,M., Reinhardt,K. J., Bott,B. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Self-Identified Tobacco Use and Harm Perceptions Among US Youth	2018	Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; and wgn9@cdc.gov.; Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease(TRUNCATED	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Pediatrics Periodical, Abbrev. Pediatrics Pub Date Free Form Apr Volume 141 Issue 4 Start Page 10.1542/peds.2017 Other Pages 3523. Epub 2018 Mar 15 Notes LR: 20190411; CI: Copyright (c) 2018; JID: 0376422; 2018/01/24 00:00 [accepted]; 2018/03/17 06:00 [pubmed]; 2019/04/12 06:00 [medline]; 2018/03/17 06:00 [entrez]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1098-4275; 0031-4005 Accession Number PMID: 29545271 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; AIM; IM DOI e20173523 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 29545271 Abstract BACKGROUND: We investigated tobacco-related self-identity and risk perceptions among adolescent tobacco users. METHODS: Data were analyzed for 20 675 US sixth- to 12th-graders from the 2016 National Youth Tobacco Survey. Students who reported past-30-day use of a specific tobacco product or >/=2 products but denied having used "any tobacco product" in the past 30 days were classified as not self-identifying as tobacco users. Tobacco product harm perceptions were further assessed across products. Descriptive and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed. RESULTS: Among past-30-day users of >/=1 specific tobacco product type, those denying having used any tobacco products in the past 30 days included single-product users of roll-your-own and/or pipe tobacco (82.2%), electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) (59.7%), cigars (56.6%), hookah (44.0%), smokeless tobacco (38.5%), and cigarettes (26.5%) as well as poly-tobacco users (12.7%). The odds of denying using any tobacco products were higher among those without symptoms of nicotine dependence than those with symptoms (adjusted odds ratio = 2.16); and those who access their tobacco products via social sources than those who bought them (adjusted odds ratio = 3.81; all P Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher by the American Academy of Pediatrics Data Source Authors Agaku,I., Odani,S., Vardavas,C., Neff,L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20180315 PMCID Editors
Self-perceived HIV risk and the use of risk reduction strategies among men who engage in transactional sex with other men in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam	2013	Harvard Medical School/Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. mmimiaga@partners.org	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full AIDS Care Periodical, Abbrev. AIDS Care Pub Date Free Form Aug Volume 25 Issue 8 Start Page 1039 Other Pages 1044 Notes LR: 20150219; GR: 1 UL1 RR 025758-02/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States; GR: UL1 TR000170/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/United States; JID: 8915313; NIHMS451634; OID: NLM: NIHMS451634; OID: NLM: PMC3700653; 2012/12/20 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1360-0451; 0954-0121 Accession Number PMID: 23252673 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM; X DOI 10.1080/09540121.2012.748873 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23252673 Abstract An emerging HIV epidemic can be seen among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Vietnam, with prevalence as high as 18%. Transactional sex represents a risk factor for HIV transmission/acquisition among MSM globally, particularly in urban contexts, but remains largely underinvestigated in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), Vietnam. In 2010, 23 MSM who reported exchanging sex for money in the last month completed a brief survey and semistructured qualitative interview at The Life Centre, a non-governmental organization in HCMC, to assess sociodemographics, individual- and structural-level HIV risk factors and explore acceptable future prevention interventions. Participants' mean age was 24 years. Equal proportions of respondents self-identified as heterosexual/straight, homosexual/gay, and bisexual. Participants had a mean of 158 male clients in the past year, with a median of 60 male clients in the past year (interquartile range [IQR]=70) and reported inconsistent condom use and inaccurate perceptions of HIV risk. Nearly half of the sample reported engaging in unprotected anal sex with a male partner in the past 12 months and one-third with a male client. Major themes that emerged for HIV prevention interventions with male sex workers were those that: (1) focused on individual factors (drug and alcohol use, barriers to condom use, knowledge of asymptomatic STIs, enhancement of behavioral risk-reduction skills, and addressing concomitant mental health issues); (2) incorporated interpersonal and relational contexts (led by peer educators, built interpersonal skills, attended to partner type and intimacy dynamics); and (3) considered the exogenous environments in which individual choices/relationships operate (stigma of being MSM in Vietnam, availability of alternative economic opportunities, and varied sexual venues). HIV prevention efforts are needed that address the specific needs of MSM who engage in transactional sex in HCMC. Universally, MSM endorsed HIV prevention interventions, suggesting a need and desire for efforts in this context. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Mimiaga,M.J., Reisner,S.L., Closson,E.F., Perry,N., Perkovich,B., Nguyen,T., Trang,N.N., Lan,H.X., Thien,D.D., Mayer,K.H., Colby,D. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20121220 PMCID PMC3700653 Editors
Self-Rated Health Among Saudi Adults: Findings from a National Survey, 2013	2015	Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, 2301 5th Avenue, Suite 600, Seattle, WA, 98121, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of community health Periodical, Abbrev. J.Community Health Pub Date Free Form Oct Volume 40 Issue 5 Start Page 920 Other Pages 926 Notes JID: 7600747; ppublish Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 1573-3610; 0094-5145 Accession Number PMID: 25795222 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1007/s10900-015-0014-4 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25795222 Abstract Self-rated health reflects a person's integrated perception of health, including its biological, psychological, and social dimensions. It is a predictor of morbidity and mortality. To assess the current status of self-rated health and associated factors in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, we analyzed data from the Saudi Health Interview Survey. We conducted a large national survey of adults aged 15 years or older. A total of 10,735 participants completed a standardized health questionnaire. Respondents rated their health with a five-point scale. Data on socio-demographic characteristics, chronic diseases, health-related habits and behaviors, and anthropometric measurements were collected. Associated factors of self-rated health were analyzed using a backward elimination multivariate logistic regression model. More than 77% of respondents rated their health as excellent/very good. Female sex [odds ratio (OR) 1.52, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.24-1.88], decades of age (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.25-1.46), diagnosed diabetes mellitus (OR 1.54, 95 CI 1.22-1.93), diagnosed hypercholesterolemia (OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.06-1.79), diagnosed hypertension (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.22-1.96), number of other diagnosed chronic diseases (OR 1.69, 95% CI 1.41-2.03), limited vigorous activity (OR 3.59, 95% CI 2.84-4.53), need for special equipment (OR 2.62, 95% CI 1.96-3.51), and more than 3 h of daily television/computer screen time (OR 1.59, 95% CI 1.11-2.29) were positively associated with poor/fair health. Smoking, obesity, and physical inactivity were not associated with self-reported health. We found that preventable risk factors are not associated with Saudis' self-rated health. This optimistic perception of health poses a challenge for preventive interventions in the Kingdom and calls for campaigns to educate the public about the harm of unhealthy behaviors. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Moradi-Lakeh,M., El Bcheraoui,C., Tuffaha,M., Daoud,F., Al Saeedi,M., Basulaiman,M., Memish,Z.A., AlMazroa,M.A., Al Rabeeah,A.A., Mokdad,A.H. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Self-reported exposure to tobacco warning labels among U.S. middle and high school students	2014	Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville. Electronic address: sarah.johnson@fda.hhs.gov.; Office of Extramural Research, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland.; Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full American Journal of Preventive Medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Am.J.Prev.Med. Pub Date Free Form Aug Volume 47 Issue 2 Suppl 1 Start Page S69 Other Pages 75 Notes CI: Published by Elsevier Inc.; JID: 8704773; 2013/11/28 [received]; 2014/04/24 [revised]; 2014/05/02 [accepted]; ppublish Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 1873-2607; 0749-3797 Accession Number PMID: 25044198 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1016/j.amepre.2014.05.005 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25044198 Abstract BACKGROUND: Warning labels on tobacco products are a means to communicate information about the negative health effects of tobacco use to current and potential users. Most tobacco use begins in early adolescence, making it particularly important to understand the degree to which warning labels reach adolescents. PURPOSE: To examine the extent to which youth report (1) seeing the current warnings on cigarettes and smokeless tobacco (SLT) products in the U.S. and (2) that seeing warnings makes them think about the health risks associated with tobacco use. METHODS: Exposure to warning labels on cigarettes and SLT, as well as the degree to which adolescents report thinking about health risks in response to warnings, was examined among U.S. middle and high school students using data from the 2012 National Youth Tobacco Survey (NYTS) and analyzed in 2013. RESULTS: Current data suggest that less than half of adolescents who saw a cigarette pack (46.9%) or SLT product (40.3%) reported seeing the warning label "most of the time" or "always." Among adolescents who reported seeing a warning, less than one third reported that cigarette (30.4%) or SLT (25.2%) warning labels made them think about health risks "a lot." These rates were even lower among current tobacco users ( Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Johnson,S.E., Wu,C.C., Coleman,B.N., Choiniere,C.J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Self-reported prevalence and risk factors of asthma among Korean adolescents: 5-year follow-up study, 1995-2000	2004	Department of Pediatrics, Ulsan University, Seoul, Korea.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology Periodical, Abbrev. Clin.Exp.Allergy Pub Date Free Form Oct Volume 34 Issue 10 Start Page 1556 Other Pages 1562 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 8906443; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 0954-7894; 0954-7894 Accession Number PMID: 15479270 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI CEA2084 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 15479270 Abstract OBJECTIVES: The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaires have shown that the prevalence of childhood asthma is increasing worldwide. Although Asian countries used to have lower prevalence rates of allergic disease than Western countries, this prevalence is increasing in several Asian countries. To determine whether the prevalence of childhood asthma is changing in Korean adolescents, we compared findings from nationwide cross-sectional surveys in 1995 and 2000 on populations of middle-school children using the Korean version of the ISAAC questionnaire. METHODS: We developed Korean versions of the ISAAC written (WQ) and video (AVQ) questionnaires for allergic diseases. In 1995, the enrolled population consisted of 15,481 children, ages 12-15, and encompassing all three grades in middle school, selected from 34 schools across the nation; the response rate was 97.3%. In 2000, 15,894 children were selected from 31 of the same schools, and the response rate was 96.4%. The SAS system version 8.0 was utilized for all statistical analyses. RESULTS: The WQ showed that the lifetime and 12-month prevalence of wheeze did not change from 1995 to 2000. While the 12-month prevalence rates of sleep disturbed by wheezing and night cough increased, the rates of severe attack of wheezing and exercise-induced wheeze did not change, over this period of time. The lifetime prevalence of asthma diagnosis, however, increased significantly, from 2.7% in 1995 to 5.3% in 2000, as did the 12-month prevalence of asthma treatment, from 1.0% in 1995 to 1.9% in 2000. The AVQ also showed increases in the lifetime and 12-month prevalence rates of wheeze at rest, exercise-induced wheeze, nocturnal wheeze, nocturnal cough, and severe wheeze over this period of time. These were especially because of significant increases in the Provincial cities of Korea. Interestingly, the 12-month prevalence of wheeze was consistently high in Cheju with low air pollution indices, whereas this rate was low in Ulsan and Ansan with very high air pollution indices. Risk factor analysis showed that body mass index (BMI), passive smoking, and living with a dog or cat, but not air pollution, were associated with higher risk of wheeze. CONCLUSIONS: In the 5-year period from 1995 to 2000, the prevalence of asthma symptoms has increased in Korean adolescents, much of it because of increases in Provincial Centers. BMI, passive smoking, and living with a dog or cat are important risk factors. Environmental factors other than air pollution may be associated with increases in asthma, especially in Provincial Centers. Descriptors Adolescent, Age Distribution, Asthma/epidemiology/physiopathology, Body Mass Index, Body Weight/physiology, Child, Exercise/physiology, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Korea/epidemiology, Male, Prevalence, Respiratory Sounds/etiology, Risk Factors, Sex Distribution, Surveys and Questionnaires, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/adverse effects Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Hong,S. J., Lee,M. S., Sohn,M. H., Shim,J. Y., Han,Y. S., Park,K. S., Ahn,Y. M., Son,B. K., Lee,H. B., Korean ISAAC Study Group Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Self-reported school difficulties and tobacco use among fourth- to seventh-grade students	2002	Dept. of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Miami School of Medicine, PO Box 016069 (R-699), Miami, FL 33101, USA. dlee@med.miami.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Journal of school health Periodical, Abbrev. J.Sch.Health Pub Date Free Form Nov Volume 72 Issue 9 Start Page 368 Other Pages 373 Notes LR: 20071115; JID: 0376370; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 0022-4391; 0022-4391 Accession Number PMID: 12557632 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM; N DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 12557632 Abstract This study examined the relationship between academic and behavioral difficulties at school, and tobacco use in students. Participants included 1,219 students in fourth to seventh grade at the time of enrollment. Interviews were repeated eight months later with 85% of baseline participants. Telephone interviews assessed use of cigarettes, cigars, and chewing tobacco; students also were asked if they liked school, how often they got in trouble at school, and how well they were doing in school. At baseline, students reporting school difficulties were 1.4-5.6 times more likely to report a lifetime history of cigarette, cigar, and chewing tobacco use relative to students who did not report these difficulties. Average to below-average academic performance at baseline was predictive of new cigarette use at the eight-month follow-up (Relative Risk = 3.35; 95% Confidence Interval = [1.36, 8.22]). Self-reported school difficulties are associated with lifetime use of all major forms of tobacco and are predictive of future cigarette use in fourth- to seventh-grade students. Descriptors Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Child, Child Behavior Disorders/epidemiology, Cohort Studies, Female, Florida/epidemiology, Humans, Interviews as Topic, Male, Risk Factors, Smoking/epidemiology, Students Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Lee,D. J., Trapido,E., Rodriguez,R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Self-reported tobacco smoking practices among medical students and their perceptions towards training about tobacco smoking in medical curricula: A cross-sectional, questionnaire survey in Malaysia, India, Pakistan, Nepal, and Bangladesh	2010	Department of Community Medicine, Melaka Manipal Medical College, Melaka, Malaysia. chandrashekharats@yahoo.com	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy Periodical, Abbrev. Subst.Abuse Treat.Prev.Policy. Pub Date Free Form 16-Nov Volume 5 Issue Start Page 29 Other Pages 597X-5-29 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 101258060; OID: NLM: PMC2994841; 2010/08/28 [received]; 2010/11/16 [accepted]; 2010/11/16 [aheadofprint]; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1747-597X; 1747-597X Accession Number PMID: 21080923 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1186/1747-597X-5-29 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 21080923 Abstract BACKGROUND: Tobacco smoking issues in developing countries are usually taught non-systematically as and when the topic arose. The World Health Organisation and Global Health Professional Student Survey (GHPSS) have suggested introducing a separate integrated tobacco module into medical school curricula. Our aim was to assess medical students' tobacco smoking habits, their practices towards patients' smoking habits and attitude towards teaching about smoking in medical schools. METHODS: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was carried out among final year undergraduate medical students in Malaysia, India, Nepal, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. An anonymous, self-administered questionnaire included items on demographic information, students' current practices about patients' tobacco smoking habits, their perception towards tobacco education in medical schools on a five point Likert scale. Questions about tobacco smoking habits were adapted from GHPSS questionnaire. An 'ever smoker' was defined as one who had smoked during lifetime, even if had tried a few puffs once or twice. 'Current smoker' was defined as those who had smoked tobacco product on one or more days in the preceding month of the survey. Descriptive statistics were calculated. RESULTS: Overall response rate was 81.6% (922/1130). Median age was 22 years while 50.7% were males and 48.2% were females. The overall prevalence of 'ever smokers' and 'current smokers' was 31.7% and 13.1% respectively. A majority (> 80%) of students asked the patients about their smoking habits during clinical postings/clerkships. Only a third of them did counselling, and assessed the patients' willingness to quit. Majority of the students agreed about doctors' role in tobacco control as being role models, competence in smoking cessation methods, counseling, and the need for training about tobacco cessation in medical schools. About 50% agreed that current curriculum teaches about tobacco smoking but not systematically and should be included as a separate module. Majority of the students indicated that topics about health effects, nicotine addiction and its treatment, counselling, prevention of relapse were important or very important in training about tobacco smoking. CONCLUSION: Medical educators should consider revising medical curricula to improve training about tobacco smoking cessation in medical schools. Our results should be supported by surveys from other medical schools in developing countries of Asia. Descriptors Asia, Western/epidemiology, Attitude, Cross-Sectional Studies, Curriculum, Female, Humans, Malaysia/epidemiology, Male, Smoking/epidemiology, Students, Medical/psychology, Surveys and Questionnaires, Young Adult Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Sreeramareddy,C. T., Suri,S., Menezes,R. G., Kumar,H. N., Rahman,M., Islam,M. R., Pereira,X. V., Shah,M., Sathian,B., Shetty,U., Vaswani,V. R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20101116 PMCID PMC2994841 Editors
Sensations from initial exposure to nicotine predicting adolescent smoking in China: a potential measure of vulnerability to nicotine	2003	Institute for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Research, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Alhambra CA, USA. jchen@crcm.med.wayne.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Aug Volume 5 Issue 4 Start Page 455 Other Pages 463 Notes LR: 20151119; GR: P 150 CA84735-01/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9815751; 0 (Ganglionic Stimulants); 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1462-2203; 1462-2203 Accession Number PMID: 12959783 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; IM DOI 4UBD7FP8Y68691HY [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 12959783 Abstract Sensations derived from initial exposure to nicotine are a potential indicator of an individual's vulnerability to nicotine. This study assessed whether sensations experienced during the first lifetime exposure to nicotine could predict current and established cigarette smoking. Data from 210 respondents who reported having ever tried cigarette smoking in Wuhan, China, were obtained for this study from 610 students in 10th grade at two schools. Subjects were participants in a multipurpose pilot survey for an adolescent smoking prevention trial. The survey was administered in a classroom setting using a paper-and-pencil questionnaire. Sensations reported were cigarette smell (59.2%), coughing (54.1%), dizziness (52.1%), nausea (42.5%), relaxation (19.1%), and pleasurable buzz/rush (9.0%). After controlling for confounders, multiple logistic regression analyses identified three sensations significantly associated with smoking: (a) Cigarette smell (OR for days smoked in the past 30 days=2.93, p<.05, OR for number of cigarettes smoked per day=2.69, p<.05, and OR for 100-cigarette smoking=5.40, p<.01), (b) pleasurable buzz/rush (OR for 100-cigarette smoking=11.09, p<.05), and (c) relaxation (OR for past 30-day smoking measures ranged from 3.69 to 4.48, p<.01, and OR for 100-cigarette smoking=4.12, p<.05). A dose-response relationship was observed between the sensations and cigarette smoking. Self-reported sensations from initial exposure to nicotine may be a useful indicator of an individual's vulnerability to nicotine. This information can be used for adolescent smoking prevention and cessation interventions. Descriptors Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, China, Cough/etiology, Dizziness/etiology, Female, Ganglionic Stimulants/pharmacology, Humans, Male, Nicotine/pharmacology, Odds Ratio, Regression Analysis, Risk Factors, Smoking/psychology, Smoking Cessation, Tobacco Use Disorder/physiopathology/psychology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Chen,X., Stacy,A., Zheng,H., Shan,J., Spruijt-Metz,D., Unger,J., Gong,J., Gallaher,P., Liu,C., Azen,S., Shakib,S., Ph,D. A. J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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