Image
WTS Database
The subject of interest is:
waterpipe, water-pipe, nargile, narghile, arguileh, arguile, shisha, sheesha, chichi, hubble bubble, hubbly bubbly, goza, hookah, bong
| Title Sort descending | Pub Year | Author | SearchLink |
|---|---|---|---|
| Secondhand smoke in waterpipe tobacco venues in Istanbul, Moscow, and Cairo | 2015 | Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA. Electronic address: kmoon9@jhu.edu.; Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.; Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Healt | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Environmental research
Periodical, Abbrev.
Environ.Res.
Pub Date Free Form
Oct
Volume
142
Issue
Start Page
568
Other Pages
574
Notes
LR: 20151018; CI: Copyright (c) 2015; GR: 5T32HL007024/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States; GR: T32 HL007024/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 0147621; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); NIHMS720140; OID: NLM: NIHMS720140 [Available on 10/01/16]; OID: NLM: PMC460
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
1096-0953; 0013-9351
Accession Number
PMID: 26298558
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.envres.2015.08.012 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
26298558
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The prevalence of waterpipe tobacco smoking has risen in recent decades. Controlled studies suggest that waterpipe secondhand smoke (SHS) contains similar or greater quantities of toxicants than cigarette SHS, which causes significant morbidity and mortality. Few studies have examined SHS from waterpipe tobacco in real-world settings. The purpose of this study was to quantify SHS exposure levels and describe the characteristics of waterpipe tobacco venues. METHODS: In 2012-2014, we conducted cross-sectional surveys of 46 waterpipe tobacco venues (9 in Istanbul, 17 in Moscow, and 20 in Cairo). We administered venue questionnaires, conducted venue observations, and sampled indoor air particulate matter (PM2.5) (N=35), carbon monoxide (CO) (N=23), particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (p-PAHs) (N=31), 4-methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) (N=43), and air nicotine (N=46). RESULTS: Venue characteristics and SHS concentrations were highly variable within and between cities. Overall, we observed a mean (standard deviation (SD)) of 5 (5) waterpipe smokers and 5 (3) cigarette smokers per venue. The overall median (25th percentile, 75th percentile) of venue mean air concentrations was 136 (82, 213) microg/m(3) for PM2.5, 3.9 (1.7, 22) ppm for CO, 68 (33, 121) ng/m(3) for p-PAHs, 1.0 (0.5, 1.9) ng/m(3) for NNK, and 5.3 (0.7, 14) microg/m(3) for nicotine. PM2.5, CO, and p-PAHs concentrations were generally higher in venues with more waterpipe smokers and cigarette smokers, although associations were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: High concentrations of SHS constituents known to cause health effects indicate that indoor air quality in waterpipe tobacco venues may adversely affect the health of employees and customers.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Elsevier Inc
Data Source
Authors
Moon,K.A., Magid,H., Torrey,C., Rule,A.M., Ferguson,J., Susan,J., Sun,Z., Abubaker,S., Levshin,V., Carkoglu,A., Radwan,G.N., El-Rabbat,M., Cohen,J., Strickland,P., Navas-Acien,A., Breysse,P.N.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
PMC4609287
Editors
|
|||
| Secondhand smoke levels in public building main entrances: outdoor and indoor PM2.5 assessment | 2012 | Tobacco Control Unit, Cancer Prevention and Control Programme, Institut Catala d'Oncologia-ICO, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Tobacco control
Periodical, Abbrev.
Tob.Control
Pub Date Free Form
Nov
Volume
21
Issue
6
Start Page
543
Other Pages
548
Notes
LR: 20151119; JID: 9209612; 0 (Air Pollutants); 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); 2011/09/28 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1468-3318; 0964-4563
Accession Number
PMID: 21964181
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2011-050040 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
21964181
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: To describe secondhand smoke (SHS) levels in halls and main entrances (outdoors) in different buildings by measurement of PM(2.5) and airborne nicotine. METHODS: Cross-sectional study in a sample of 47 public buildings. The authors studied SHS levels derived from PM(2.5) (micrograms per cubic metre) using TSI SidePak Personal Aerosol Monitors. The authors tested four locations within buildings: hall, main entrance (outdoor), control (indoor) and control (outdoor). The authors also measured airborne nicotine concentration (micrograms per cubic metre) in main entrances (outdoor). The authors computed medians and IQRs to describe the data. Spearman correlation coefficient (rsp) was used to explore the association between PM(2.5) concentrations simultaneously measured in halls and main entrances as well as between PM(2.5) and nicotine concentrations. RESULTS: The authors obtained an overall median PM(2.5) concentration of hall 18.20 mug/m(3) (IQR: 10.92-23.92 mug/m(3)), main entrance (outdoor) 17.16 mug/m(3) (IQR: 10.92-24.96 mug/m(3)), control (indoor) 10.40 mug/m(3) (IQR: 6.76-15.60 mug/m(3)) and control (outdoor) 13.00 mug/m(3) (IQR: 8.32-18.72 mug/m(3)). The PM(2.5) concentration in halls was more correlated with concentration in the main entrances (outdoors) (rsp=0.518, 95% CI 0.271 to 0.701) than with the control indoor (rsp=0.316, 95% CI 0.032 to 0.553). The Spearman correlation coefficient between nicotine and PM(2.5) concentration was 0.365 (95% CI -0.009 to 0.650). CONCLUSIONS: Indoor locations where smoking is banned are not completely free from SHS with levels similar to those obtained in the immediate entrances (outdoors) where smoking is allowed, indicating that SHS from outdoors settings drifts to adjacent indoors. These results warrant a revision of current smoke-free policies in particular outdoor settings.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Sureda,X., Martinez-Sanchez,J.M., Lopez,M.J., Fu,M., Aguero,F., Salto,E., Nebot,M., Fernandez,E.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20110928
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Secondhand smoke levels in Scottish pubs: the effect of smoke-free legislation | 2007 | Department of Environmental & Occupational Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZP, UK. sean.semple@abdn.ac.uk | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Tobacco control
Periodical, Abbrev.
Tob.Control
Pub Date Free Form
Apr
Volume
16
Issue
2
Start Page
127
Other Pages
132
Notes
LR: 20140907; JID: 9209612; 0 (Air Pollutants, Occupational); 0 (Particulate Matter); 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); OID: NLM: PMC2598470; ppublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1468-3318; 0964-4563
Accession Number
PMID: 17400951
Language
eng
SubFile
Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
16/2/127 [pii]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
17400951
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To compare levels of particulate matter, as a marker of secondhand smoke (SHS) levels, in pubs before and 2 months after the implementation of Scottish legislation to prohibit smoking in substantially enclosed public places. DESIGN: Comparison of SHS levels before and after the legislation in a random selection of 41 pubs in 2 Scottish cities. METHODS: Fine particulate matter <2.5 microm in diameter (PM2.5) was measured discreetly for 30 min in each bar on 1 or 2 visits in the 8 weeks preceding the starting date of the Smoking, Health and Social Care (Scotland) Act 2005 and then again 2 months after the ban. Repeat visits were undertaken on the same day of the week and at approximately the same time of the day. RESULTS: PM2.5 levels before the introduction of the legislation averaged 246 microg/m3 (range 8-902 microg/m3). The average level reduced to 20 microg/m3 (range 6-104 microg/m3) in the period after the ban. Levels of SHS were reduced in all 53 post-ban visits, with the average reduction being 86% (range 12-99%). PM2.5 concentrations in most pubs post-ban were comparable to the outside ambient air PM2.5 level. CONCLUSIONS: This study has produced the largest dataset of pre- and post-ban SHS levels in pubs of all worldwide smoke-free legislations introduced to date. Our results show that compliance with the Smoking, Health and Social Care (Scotland) Act 2005 has been high and this has led to a marked reduction in SHS concentrations in Scottish pubs, thereby reducing both the occupational exposure of workers in the hospitality sector and that of non-smoking patrons.
Descriptors
Air Pollutants, Occupational/analysis, Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis/legislation & jurisprudence/prevention & control, Environmental Monitoring/methods, Guideline Adherence, Humans, Particulate Matter/analysis, Scotland, Smoking/legislation & jurisprudence/prevention & control, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/analysis/legislation & jurisprudence/prevention & control
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Semple,S., Creely,K. S., Naji,A., Miller,B. G., Ayres,J. G.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
PMC2598470
Editors
|
|||
| Secondhand tobacco smoke concentrations in motor vehicles: a pilot study | 2009 | Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe Street, Office W7033B, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Tobacco control
Periodical, Abbrev.
Tob.Control
Pub Date Free Form
Oct
Volume
18
Issue
5
Start Page
399
Other Pages
404
Notes
LR: 20151119; JID: 9209612; 0 (Air Pollutants); 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); 2009/08/25 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1468-3318; 0964-4563
Accession Number
PMID: 19706642
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1136/tc.2009.029942 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
19706642
Abstract
CONTEXT: Motor vehicles represent important microenvironments for exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS). While some countries and cities have banned smoking in cars with children present, more data are needed to develop the evidence base on SHS exposure levels in motor vehicles to inform policy and education practices aimed at supporting smoke-free motor vehicles when passengers are present. OBJECTIVE: To assess exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke in motor vehicles using passive airborne nicotine samplers. METHODS: 17 smokers and five non-smokers who commute to and from work in their own vehicle participated. Two passive airborne nicotine samplers were placed in each vehicle for a 24-hour period, one at the front passenger seat headrest and the other in the back seat behind the driver. At the end of the sampling period, airborne nicotine was analysed by gas chromatography. RESULTS: Median (IQR) air nicotine concentrations in smokers' vehicles were 9.6 mug/m(3) (5.3-25.5) compared to non-detectable concentrations in non-smokers' vehicles. After adjustment for vehicle size, window opening, air conditioning and sampling time, there was a 1.96-fold increase (95% CI 1.43 to 2.67) in air nicotine concentrations per cigarette smoked. CONCLUSIONS: Air nicotine concentrations in motor vehicles were much higher than air nicotine concentrations generally measured in public or private indoor places, and even higher than concentrations measured in restaurants and bars. These high levels of exposure to SHS support the need for education measures and legislation that regulate smoking in motor vehicles when passengers, especially children, are present.
Descriptors
Adult, Air Pollutants/analysis, Automobile Driving/statistics & numerical data, Educational Status, Environmental Exposure/analysis, Environmental Monitoring/methods, Female, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Motor Vehicles, Nicotine/analysis, Pilot Projects, Smoking, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/analysis
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Jones,M. R., Navas-Acien,A., Yuan,J., Breysse,P. N.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20090825
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Secondhand tobacco smoke exposure in open and semi-open settings: a systematic review | 2013 | Tobacco Control Unit, Cancer Control and Prevention Programme, Institut Catala d'Oncologia-ICO, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Environmental health perspectives
Periodical, Abbrev.
Environ.Health Perspect.
Pub Date Free Form
Jul
Volume
121
Issue
7
Start Page
766
Other Pages
773
Notes
LR: 20151119; JID: 0330411; 0 (Air Pollutants); 0 (Biomarkers); 0 (Particulate Matter); 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); CIN: Environ Health Perspect. 2013 Jul;121(7):A229. PMID: 23816971; OID: NLM: PMC3701994; 2012/07/23 [received]; 2013/05/01 [accepted]; 20
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
1552-9924; 0091-6765
Accession Number
PMID: 23651671
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review; IM
DOI
10.1289/ehp.1205806 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
23651671
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Some countries have recently extended smoke-free policies to particular outdoor settings; however, there is controversy regarding whether this is scientifically and ethically justifiable. OBJECTIVES: The objective of the present study was to review research on secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure in outdoor settings. DATA SOURCES: We conducted different searches in PubMed for the period prior to September 2012. We checked the references of the identified papers, and conducted a similar search in Google Scholar. STUDY SELECTION: Our search terms included combinations of "secondhand smoke," "environmental tobacco smoke," "passive smoking" OR "tobacco smoke pollution" AND "outdoors" AND "PM" (particulate matter), "PM(2.5)" (PM with diameter = 2.5 microm), "respirable suspended particles," "particulate matter," "nicotine," "CO" (carbon monoxide), "cotinine," "marker," "biomarker" OR "airborne marker." In total, 18 articles and reports met the inclusion criteria. RESULTS: Almost all studies used PM(2.5) concentration as an SHS marker. Mean PM(2.5) concentrations reported for outdoor smoking areas when smokers were present ranged from 8.32 to 124 microg/m(3) at hospitality venues, and 4.60 to 17.80 microg/m(3) at other locations. Mean PM(2.5) concentrations in smoke-free indoor settings near outdoor smoking areas ranged from 4 to 120.51 microg/m(3). SHS levels increased when smokers were present, and outdoor and indoor SHS levels were related. Most studies reported a positive association between SHS measures and smoker density, enclosure of outdoor locations, wind conditions, and proximity to smokers. CONCLUSIONS: The available evidence indicates high SHS levels at some outdoor smoking areas and at adjacent smoke-free indoor areas. Further research and standardization of methodology is needed to determine whether smoke-free legislation should be extended to outdoor settings.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Sureda,X., Fernandez,E., Lopez,M.J., Nebot,M.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20130507
PMCID
PMC3701994
Editors
|
|||
| Secondhand tobacco smoke exposure in selected public places (PM2.5 and air nicotine) and non-smoking employees (hair nicotine) in Ghana | 2011 | Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Tobacco control
Periodical, Abbrev.
Tob.Control
Pub Date Free Form
Mar
Volume
20
Issue
2
Start Page
107
Other Pages
111
Notes
LR: 20151119; JID: 9209612; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); OID: NLM: PMC3045526; 2010/10/07 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1468-3318; 0964-4563
Accession Number
PMID: 20930057
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1136/tc.2010.036012 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
20930057
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Secondhand tobacco smoke (SHS) exposure is a global public health problem. Ghana currently has no legislation to prevent smoking in public places. To provide data on SHS levels in hospitality venues in Ghana the authors measured (1) airborne particulate matter
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Agbenyikey,W., Wellington,E., Gyapong,J., Travers,M.J., Breysse,P.N., McCarty,K.M., Navas-Acien,A.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20101007
PMCID
PMC3045526
Editors
|
|||
| Secondhand tobacco smoke in bars and restaurants in Santiago, Chile: evaluation of partial smoking ban legislation in public places | 2010 | Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile. merazo@med.uchile.cl | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Tobacco control
Periodical, Abbrev.
Tob.Control
Pub Date Free Form
Dec
Volume
19
Issue
6
Start Page
469
Other Pages
474
Notes
LR: 20151119; GR: D43 TW 05746-02/TW/FIC NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9209612; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); OID: NLM: PMC2991072; 2010/08/25 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1468-3318; 0964-4563
Accession Number
PMID: 20798021
Language
eng
SubFile
Evaluation Studies; Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1136/tc.2009.035402 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
20798021
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To compare air nicotine concentrations according to the smoking policy selected by bars/restaurants in Santiago, Chile before and after the enactment of partial smoking ban legislation in 2007 (establishments could be smoke free, have segregated (mixed) smoking and non-smoking areas, or allow smoking in all areas). METHODS: The study measured air nicotine concentrations over 7 days to characterise secondhand smoke exposure in 30 bars/restaurants in 2008. Owner/manager interviews and physical inspections were conducted. RESULTS: Median IQR air nicotine concentrations measured in all venues were 4.38 (0.61-13.62) mug/m(3). Air nicotine concentrations were higher in bars (median 7.22, IQR 2.48-15.64 mug/m(3)) compared to restaurants (1.12, 0.15-9.22 mug/m(3)). By smoking status, nicotine concentrations were higher in smoking venues (13.46, 5.31-16.87 mug/m(3)), followed by smoking areas in mixed venues (9.22, 5.09-14.90 mug/m(3)) and non-smoking areas in mixed venues (0.99, 0.19-1.27 mug/m(3)). Air nicotine concentrations were markedly lower in smoke-free venues (0.12, 0.11-0.46 mug/m(3)). After adjustment for differences in volume and ventilation, air nicotine concentrations were 3.2, 35.5 and 56.2 times higher in non-smoking areas in mixed venues, smoking areas in mixed venues and smoking venues, respectively, compared to smoke-free venues. CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to secondhand smoke remains high in bars and restaurants in Santiago, Chile. These findings demonstrate that the partial smoking ban legislation enacted in Chile in 2007 provides no protection to employees working in those venues. Enacting a comprehensive smoke-free legislation which protects all people from exposure to secondhand smoke in all public places and workplaces is urgently needed.
Descriptors
Air/analysis/legislation & jurisprudence, Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis/legislation & jurisprudence, Chile, Humans, Inhalation Exposure/analysis/legislation & jurisprudence, Nicotine/analysis, Policy, Restaurants/legislation & jurisprudence, Smoking/legislation & jurisprudence/prevention & control, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/analysis/legislation & jurisprudence, Workplace/legislation & jurisprudence
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Erazo,M., Iglesias,V., Droppelmann,A., Acuna,M., Peruga,A., Breysse,P. N., Navas-Acien,A.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20100825
PMCID
PMC2991072
Editors
|
|||
| Selection of lactic acid bacteria from Brazilian kefir grains for potential use as starter or probiotic cultures | 2015 | Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.; Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil. | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Anaerobe
Periodical, Abbrev.
Anaerobe
Pub Date Free Form
Apr
Volume
32
Issue
Start Page
70
Other Pages
76
Notes
CI: Copyright (c) 2014; JID: 9505216; 0 (RNA, Ribosomal); OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/09/18 [received]; 2014/12/04 [revised]; 2014/12/22 [accepted]; 2014/12/24 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1095-8274; 1075-9964
Accession Number
PMID: 25542841
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.anaerobe.2014.12.007 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
25542841
Abstract
Brazilian kefir is a homemade fermented beverage that is obtained by incubating milk or a brown sugar solution with kefir grains that contribute their different microbiological compositions. It is highly important to isolate and characterize microorganisms from Brazilian kefir grains to obtain starter cultures for the industrial production of a standardized commercial kefir. Thus, the present study aimed to isolate lactic acid bacteria from eight kefir grains that were propagated in milk or sugar solutions from five different locations in Brazil and to select Lactobacillus isolates based on desirable in vitro probiotic properties. One hundred eight isolates from both substrates were identified by amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis and/or 16S rRNA gene sequencing and were determined to belong to the following 11 species from the genera: Lactococcus, Leuconostoc, Lactobacillus (L.), and Oenococcus. Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Lactobacillus kefiri, and Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens were isolated only from milk grains, whereas Lactobacillus perolens, Lactobacillus parafarraginis, Lactobacillus diolivorans, and Oenococcus oeni were isolated exclusively from sugar water grains. When the microbial compositions of four kefir grains were evaluated with culture-independent analyses, L. kefiranofaciens was observed to predominant in milk grains, whereas Lactobacillus hilgardii was most abundant in sugar water kefir. Unfortunately, L. hilgardii was not isolated from any grain, although this bacteria was detected with a culture-independent methodology. Fifty-two isolated Lactobacilli were tested for gastric juice and bile salt tolerance, antagonism against pathogens, antimicrobial resistance, and surface hydrophobicity. Three Lactobacillus strains (L. kefiranofaciens 8U, L. diolivorans 1Z, and Lactobacillus casei 17U) could be classified as potential probiotics. In conclusion, several lactic acid bacteria that could be used in combination with yeasts as starter cultures for both milk kefir and sugar water kefir were characterized, and the functional properties of several of the lactobacilli isolated from the kefir grains were suggestive of their possible use as probiotics in both kefir and other dairy products.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Elsevier Ltd
Data Source
Authors
Zanirati,D.F., Abatemarco,M.,Jr, Sandes,S.H., Nicoli,J.R., Nunes,A.C., Neumann,E.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20141224
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Selective vulnerability of the inner ear to decompression sickness in divers with right-to-left shunt: the role of tissue gas supersaturation | 2009 | Dept. of Anesthesiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. dr.m@xtra.co.nz | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md.: 1985)
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Appl.Physiol.(1985)
Pub Date Free Form
Jan
Volume
106
Issue
1
Start Page
298
Other Pages
301
Notes
LR: 20131121; JID: 8502536; N762921K75 (Nitrogen); 2008/09/18 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
8750-7587; 0161-7567
Accession Number
PMID: 18801958
Language
eng
SubFile
Comparative Study; Journal Article; IM
DOI
10.1152/japplphysiol.90915.2008 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
18801958
Abstract
Inner ear decompression sickness has been strongly associated with the presence of right-to-left shunts. The implied involvement of intravascular bubbles shunted from venous to arterial circulations is inconsistent with the frequent absence of cerebral symptoms in these cases. If arterial bubbles reach the labyrinthine artery, they must also be distributing widely in the brain. This discrepancy could be explained by slower inert gas washout from the inner ear after diving and the consequent tendency for arterial bubbles entering this supersaturated territory to grow because of inward diffusion of gas. Published models for inner ear and brain inert gas kinetics were used to predict tissue gas tensions after an air dive to 4 atm absolute for 25 min. The models predict half-times for nitrogen washout of 8.8 min and 1.2 min for the inner ear and brain, respectively. The inner ear remains supersaturated with nitrogen for longer after diving than the brain, and in the simulated dive, for a period that corresponds with the latency of typical cases. It is therefore plausible that prolonged inner ear inert gas supersaturation contributes to the selective vulnerability of the inner ear to short latency decompression sickness in divers with right-to-left shunt.
Descriptors
Adaptation, Physiological, Brain/metabolism/physiopathology, Computer Simulation, Decompression Sickness/blood/complications/physiopathology, Diffusion, Diving, Ear, Inner/metabolism/physiopathology, Embolism, Air/blood/etiology/physiopathology, Foramen Ovale, Patent/blood/complications/physiopathology, Humans, Kinetics, Labyrinth Diseases/blood/etiology/physiopathology, Models, Biological, Nitrogen/blood, Partial Pressure, Reaction Time
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Mitchell,S. J., Doolette,D. J.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20080918
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Self-assessment of adolescents regarding water pipe consumption | 2015 | Institut fur Arbeitsmedizin, Sozialmedizin und Umweltmedizin der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universitat, Frankfurt.; Deutsche Herzstiftung e. V., Frankfurt.; Deutsche Herzstiftung e. V., Frankfurt.; Deutsche Herzstiftung e. V., Frankfurt.; Institut fur Biosta | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Psychiatrische Praxis
Periodical, Abbrev.
Psychiatr.Prax.
Pub Date Free Form
Jan
Volume
42
Issue
1
Start Page
47
Other Pages
49
Notes
CI: (c) Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart . New York.; JID: 0423204; 2014/08/25 [epublish]; 2014/08/25 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
Germany
ISSN/ISBN
1439-0876; 0303-4259
Accession Number
PMID: 25153176
Language
ger
SubFile
English Abstract; Journal Article; IM
DOI
10.1055/s-0034-1370269 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
25153176
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The use of water pipes is an alternative to cigarette smoking. Current studies show that water pipe smoking is as hazardous as smoking cigarettes. However, rates of water pipe consumption are still high. The consumption behaviour of students was investigated within the evaluation of the school-based prevention program Rauchzeichen. METHODS: Data about the water pipe use of students was collected using a specially designed questionnaire. RESULTS: Water pipe user rates among students of 8th to 10th grade are still high (7.5 - 21.2 %). 13.2 % of the students, who consume water pipe regularly, state to be non smokers. DISCUSSION: It seems that many adolescents do not estimate water pipe use as smoking, which might lead to an underestimation of health risks or the use of the water pipe as an alternative addictive drug.
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Authors
Schwarzer,M., Thomas,J., Nedela-Morales,M., Kaltenbach,M., Herrmann,E., Groneberg,D.
Original/Translated Title
Zur Selbsteinschatzung des Wasserpfeifenkonsums von Jugendlichen
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20140825
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