WTS database

Title	Pub Year Sort descending	Author	SearchLink
Overview of systematic reviews on the health-related effects of government tobacco control policies	2015	Global Strategy Lab, Faculty of Law, University of Ottawa, 57 Louis Pasteur Street, Ottawa, K1N 6N5, ON, Canada. steven.hoffman@uottawa.ca.; Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics and McMaster Health Forum, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON,	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full BMC public health Periodical, Abbrev. BMC Public Health Pub Date Free Form 5-Aug Volume 15 Issue Start Page 744 Other Pages 015-2041-6 Notes LR: 20150807; GR: Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada; JID: 100968562; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); OID: NLM: PMC4526291; 2015/03/01 [received]; 2015/07/08 [accepted]; 2015/08/05 [aheadofprint]; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1471-2458; 1471-2458 Accession Number PMID: 26242915 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review; IM DOI 10.1186/s12889-015-2041-6 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26242915 Abstract BACKGROUND: Government interventions are critical to addressing the global tobacco epidemic, a major public health problem that continues to deepen. We systematically synthesize research evidence on the effectiveness of government tobacco control policies promoted by the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC), supporting the implementation of this international treaty on the tenth anniversary of it entering into force. METHODS: An overview of systematic reviews was prepared through systematic searches of five electronic databases, published up to March 2014. Additional reviews were retrieved from monthly updates until August 2014, consultations with tobacco control experts and a targeted search for reviews on mass media interventions. Reviews were assessed according to predefined inclusion criteria, and ratings of methodological quality were either extracted from source databases or independently scored. RESULTS: Of 612 reviews retrieved, 45 reviews met the inclusion criteria and 14 more were identified from monthly updates, expert consultations and a targeted search, resulting in 59 included reviews summarizing over 1150 primary studies. The 38 strong and moderate quality reviews published since 2000 were prioritized in the qualitative synthesis. Protecting people from tobacco smoke was the most strongly supported government intervention, with smoke-free policies associated with decreased smoking behaviour, secondhand smoke exposure and adverse health outcomes. Raising taxes on tobacco products also consistently demonstrated reductions in smoking behaviour. Tobacco product packaging interventions and anti-tobacco mass media campaigns may decrease smoking behaviour, with the latter likely an important part of larger multicomponent programs. Financial interventions for smoking cessation are most effective when targeted at smokers to reduce the cost of cessation products, but incentivizing quitting may be effective as well. Although the findings for bans on tobacco advertising were inconclusive, other evidence suggests they remain an important intervention. CONCLUSION: When designing and implementing tobacco control programs, governments should prioritize smoking bans and price increases of tobacco products followed by other interventions. Additional studies are needed on the various factors that can influence a policy's effectiveness and feasibility such as cost, local context, political barriers and implementation strategies. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Hoffman,S.J., Tan,C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150805 PMCID PMC4526291 Editors
Feature-level analysis of a novel smartphone application for smoking cessation	2015	Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Public Health Sciences , Seattle , WA , and.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse Periodical, Abbrev. Am.J.Drug Alcohol Abuse Pub Date Free Form Jan Volume 41 Issue 1 Start Page 68 Other Pages 73 Notes LR: 20160506; GR: K23 DA026517/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: K23DA026517/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: K99 DA037276/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 CA151251/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 CA166646/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1097-9891; 0095-2990 Accession Number PMID: 25397860 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.3109/00952990.2014.977486 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25397860 Abstract BACKGROUND: Currently, there are over 400 smoking cessation smartphone apps available, downloaded an estimated 780,000 times per month. No prior studies have examined how individuals engage with specific features of cessation apps and whether use of these features is associated with quitting. OBJECTIVES: Using data from a pilot trial of a novel smoking cessation app, we examined: (i) the 10 most-used app features, and (ii) prospective associations between feature usage and quitting. METHODS: Participants (n = 76) were from the experimental arm of a randomized, controlled pilot trial of an app for smoking cessation called "SmartQuit," which includes elements of both Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and traditional cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). Utilization data were automatically tracked during the 8-week treatment phase. Thirty-day point prevalence smoking abstinence was assessed at 60-day follow-up. RESULTS: The most-used features - quit plan, tracking, progress, and sharing - were mostly CBT. Only two of the 10 most-used features were prospectively associated with quitting: viewing the quit plan (p = 0.03) and tracking practice of letting urges pass (p = 0.03). Tracking ACT skill practice was used by fewer participants (n = 43) but was associated with cessation (p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: In this exploratory analysis without control for multiple comparisons, viewing a quit plan (CBT) as well as tracking practice of letting urges pass (ACT) were both appealing to app users and associated with successful quitting. Aside from these features, there was little overlap between a feature's popularity and its prospective association with quitting. Tests of causal associations between feature usage and smoking cessation are now needed. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Heffner,J.L., Vilardaga,R., Mercer,L.D., Kientz,J.A., Bricker,J.B. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20141114 PMCID PMC4410684 Editors
Microbial, saccharifying and antioxidant properties of an Indian rice based fermented beverage	2015	Department of Microbiology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore 721102, West Bengal, India.; Department of Microbiology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore 721102, West Bengal, India.; Department of Microbiology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore 721102, West B	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Food Chemistry Periodical, Abbrev. Food Chem. Pub Date Free Form 1-Feb Volume 168 Issue Start Page 196 Other Pages 202 Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2014; JID: 7702639; 0 (Antioxidants); OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/04/12 [received]; 2014/06/26 [revised]; 2014/07/07 [accepted]; 2014/07/16 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 0308-8146; 0308-8146 Accession Number PMID: 25172700 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.07.042 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25172700 Abstract Haria, a popular rice based ethnic fermented beverage, is consumed as a staple food and refreshing drink by the vast number of Indian tribal people. In this study, the composition of microbial consortia and the occurrence of some important nutraceuticals during haria preparation were investigated. The quantities of moulds and yeasts were highest at 2nd day, and then declined, but, on the contrary, the quantity of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Bifidobacterium sp. increased concurrently during the course of fermentation. Accumulation of starch hydrolytic enzymes along with different types of malto-oligosaccharides like maltotetrose (26.18mug/gm), maltotriose (28.16mug/gm), and maltose (26.94mug/gm) were also noted. Furthermore, GC-MS analysis indicated the occurrence of pyranose derivatives in the fermented products. The fermented materials showed higher free radicals scavenging activity (82.54%, 4th day) against DPPH radicals. These studies clearly demonstrated that the microbial interaction during fermentation of rice makes it more nutritious, and most likely more beneficial for health. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier Ltd Data Source Authors Ghosh,K., Ray,M., Adak,A., Dey,P., Halder,S.K., Das,A., Jana,A., Parua Mondal,S., Das Mohapatra,P.K., Pati,B.R., Mondal,K.C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20140716 PMCID Editors
Contraceptive service needs of women with young children presenting for pediatric care	2015	Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 200 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Contraception Periodical, Abbrev. Contraception Pub Date Free Form Nov Volume 92 Issue 5 Start Page 508 Other Pages 512 Notes LR: 20160326; CI: Copyright (c) 2015; GR: P20 MD000198/MD/NIMHD NIH HHS/United States; GR: P20 MD000198/MD/NIMHD NIH HHS/United States; JID: 0234361; NIHMS715366; OID: NLM: NIHMS715366 [Available on 11/01/16]; OID: NLM: PMC4807654 [Available on 11/01/16]; Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1879-0518; 0010-7824 Accession Number PMID: 26197265 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.contraception.2015.07.004 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26197265 Abstract OBJECTIVES: The primary objective of this study is to characterize the need for contraceptive services and contraceptive method use among women with young children presenting to child health clinics. A secondary objective is to characterize the factors, including access to care and health needs, that exist in this population and to evaluate their association with contraceptive method use. STUDY DESIGN: This is a cross-sectional study of women with children under age 36 months presenting to four child health practices in the Baltimore, Maryland, area. Participating women completed a survey to assess desire for pregnancy, contraceptive method use and related characteristics. RESULTS: A total of 238 participants (82%) were in need of contraceptive services (fertile and not desiring pregnancy). Overall, 59 (25%) of women in need were not using a contraceptive method (unmet need) and 79 (33%) were using a highly effective method (implant or intrauterine device). Factors associated with lower odds of unmet need for contraceptive services included attendance at a routine postpartum visit and visiting a healthcare provider to discuss contraception after pregnancy. Approximately half of index pregnancies were unintended and this was the only health factor associated with greater odds of using of a highly effective contraceptive method. CONCLUSIONS: Most women presenting with young children for pediatric care indicated that they were not currently trying to become pregnant and reported current methods of pregnancy prevention that ranged from none to highly effective. Women who had not sought postpregnancy contraceptive care were more likely to have unmet need for contraceptive services. IMPLICATIONS: Child health clinics may be a novel site for providing contraceptive care to women with children as part of a strategy to reduce unplanned pregnancies. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier Inc Data Source Authors Upadhya,K.K., Burke,A.E., Marcell,A.V., Mistry,K., Cheng,T.L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150718 PMCID PMC4807654 Editors
Leaching of lead from new unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (uPVC) pipes into drinking water	2015	Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117576, Singapore.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Environmental science and pollution research international Periodical, Abbrev. Environ.Sci.Pollut.Res.Int. Pub Date Free Form Jun Volume 22 Issue 11 Start Page 8405 Other Pages 8411 Notes JID: 9441769; 0 (Chelating Agents); 0 (Chloramines); 0 (Disinfectants); 0 (Drinking Water); 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical); 10599-90-3 (chloramine); 2P299V784P (Lead); 4R7X1O2820 (Chlorine); 9002-86-2 (Polyvinyl Chloride); 9G34HU7RV0 (Edetic Acid); 2014/1 Place of Publication Germany ISSN/ISBN 1614-7499; 0944-1344 Accession Number PMID: 25539706 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1007/s11356-014-3999-9 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25539706 Abstract Unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (uPVC) pipes have been used in the premise plumbing system due to their high strength, long-term durability, and low cost. uPVC pipes, however, may contain lead due to the use of lead compounds as the stabilizer during the manufacturing process. The release of lead from three locally purchased uPVC pipes was investigated in this study. The effects of various water quality parameters including pH value, temperature, and type of disinfectant on the rate of lead release were examined. The elemental mapping obtained using scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) confirmed the presence of lead on the inner surfaces of the uPVC pipes and their surface lead weight percentages were determined. The leachable lead concentration for each pipe was determined using high strength acidic EDTA solutions (pH 4, EDTA = 100 mg/L). Lead leaching experiments using tap water and reconstituted tape water under static conditions showed that the rate of lead release increased with the decreasing pH value and increasing temperature. In the presence of monochloramine, lead release was faster than that in the presence of free chlorine. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Zhang,Y., Lin,Y.P. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20141225 PMCID Editors
Smoke-free air laws and quit attempts: Evidence for a moderating role of spontaneous self-affirmation	2015	Basic Biobehavioral and Psychological Sciences Branch, Behavioral Research Program, National Cancer Institute, USA. Electronic address: persoskie@gmail.com.; Basic Biobehavioral and Psychological Sciences Branch, Behavioral Research Program, National Canc	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Social science & medicine (1982) Periodical, Abbrev. Soc.Sci.Med. Pub Date Free Form Sep Volume 141 Issue Start Page 46 Other Pages 55 Notes CI: Published by Elsevier Ltd.; JID: 8303205; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/10/27 [received]; 2015/07/15 [revised]; 2015/07/17 [accepted]; 2015/07/20 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1873-5347; 0277-9536 Accession Number PMID: 26246033 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.07.015 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26246033 Abstract BACKGROUND: In addition to their primary goal of protecting nonsmokers from secondhand smoke, smoke-free air laws may also encourage intentions to quit smoking, quit attempts, and cessation among smokers. However, laws may not encourage quitting if smokers feel threatened by them and react defensively. OBJECTIVE: This study examined whether spontaneous self-affirmation - the extent to which people think about their values or strengths when they feel threatened - may reduce smokers' reactance to smoke-free laws, enhancing the ability of the laws to encourage quitting. METHOD: We linked state-level information on the comprehensiveness of U.S. smoke-free laws (compiled in January, 2013 by the American Lung Association) with data from a U.S. health survey (Health Information National Trends Survey) collected from September-December, 2013 (N = 345 current smokers; 587 former smokers). RESULTS: Smoke-free laws interacted with self-affirmation to predict quit attempts in the past year and intentions to quit in the next six months: Smokers higher in self-affirmation reported more quit attempts and quit intentions if they lived in states with more comprehensive smoke-free laws. There was some evidence of a "boomerang" effect (i.e., less likelihood of making a quit attempt) among smokers low in self-affirmation if living in states with more comprehensive smoke-free laws, but this effect was significant only among smokers extremely low in self-affirmation. For quit intentions, there was no evidence for a boomerang effect of smoke-free laws even among smokers extremely low in self-affirmation. More comprehensive smoke-free laws were not associated with smoking status (former vs. current smoker) or average amount smoked per day, nor did they interact with self-affirmation to predict these outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: The impact of smoke-free policies on quit attempts and quit intentions may be moderated by psychological characteristics such as the tendency to spontaneously self-affirm. Follow-ups should experimentally manipulate self-affirmation and examine effects of smoke-free laws in controlled contexts. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Persoskie,A., Ferrer,R.A., Taber,J.M., Klein,W.M., Parascandola,M., Harris,P.R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150720 PMCID Editors
Comparative Effectiveness of Post-Discharge Strategies for Hospitalized Smokers: study protocol for the Helping HAND 2 randomized controlled trial	2015	Tobacco Research and Treatment Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. zreid@partners.org.; Mongan Institute for Health Policy, Massachusetts General Hospital and Partners HealthCare, Boston, MA, USA. zreid@partners.org.; Tobacco Research	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full BMC public health Periodical, Abbrev. BMC Public Health Pub Date Free Form 7-Feb Volume 15 Issue Start Page 109 Other Pages 015-1484-0 Notes LR: 20151111; ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT01714323; GR: 1R01HL111821-01/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States; GR: 3R01HL111821-01S1/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 HL111821/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 100968562; OID: NLM: PMC4328622; 2015/01/21 [rece Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1471-2458; 1471-2458 Accession Number PMID: 25879193 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 10.1186/s12889-015-1484-0 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25879193 Abstract BACKGROUND: Smoking cessation interventions for hospitalized smokers are effective in promoting smoking cessation, but only if the tobacco dependence treatment continues after the patient leaves the hospital. Sustaining tobacco dependence treatment after hospital discharge is a challenge for health care systems. Our previous single-site randomized controlled trial demonstrated the effectiveness of an intervention that facilitated the delivery of comprehensive tobacco cessation treatment, including both medication and counseling, after hospital discharge. We subsequently streamlined the intervention model to increase its potential for dissemination. This new model is being tested in a larger multi-site trial with broader eligibility criteria in order to enroll a more representative sample of hospitalized smokers. This paper describes the trial design and contrasts it with the earlier study. METHODS/DESIGN: A 2-arm, 3-site randomized controlled trial is testing the hypothesis that a multi-component Sustained Care intervention is more effective than Standard Care in helping hospitalized cigarette smokers stop smoking after hospital discharge. The trial enrolls adult daily cigarette smokers who are admitted to 1 of 3 participating hospitals in Massachusetts or Pennsylvania. Participants receive the same smoking cessation intervention in the hospital. They are randomly assigned to receive either Standard Care or Sustained Care after hospital discharge. Participants in the Sustained Care arm receive a free 3-month supply of FDA-approved smoking cessation medication and 5 interactive voice response calls that provide tailored motivational messages, medication refills, and access to a live tobacco treatment counselor. Participants in the Standard Care arm receive a smoking cessation medication recommendation and information about community resources. Outcomes are assessed at 1, 3, and 6 months after discharge. The primary outcome is biochemically-validated tobacco abstinence for the past 7 days at 6-month follow-up. Other outcome measures include self-reported tobacco abstinence measures, use of medication and counseling after discharge, hospital readmissions, and program cost-effectiveness. DISCUSSION: We adapted a proven intervention for hospitalized smokers to enhance its potential for dissemination and are testing it in a multi-site trial. Study enrollment data suggests that the trial achieved the goal of recruiting a broader sample of hospitalized smokers. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Comparative Effectiveness of Post-Discharge Strategies for Hospitalized Smokers (Helping HAND2) NCT01714323. Registered October 22, 2012. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Reid,Z.Z., Regan,S., Kelley,J.H., Streck,J.M., Ylioja,T., Tindle,H.A., Chang,Y., Levy,D.E., Park,E.R., Singer,D.E., Carpenter,K.M., Reyen,M., Rigotti,N.A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150207 PMCID PMC4328622 Editors
E-cigarette use in the past and quitting behavior in the future: a population-based study	2015	Wael K. Al-Delaimy, Eric C. Leas, and David R. Strong are with the Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego. Mark G. Myers is with the Psychology Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, and the De	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full American Journal of Public Health Periodical, Abbrev. Am.J.Public Health Pub Date Free Form Jun Volume 105 Issue 6 Start Page 1213 Other Pages 1219 Notes LR: 20160105; JID: 1254074; CIN: Am J Public Health. 2015 Nov;105(11):e1. PMID: 26270297; CIN: Am J Public Health. 2015 Nov;105(11):e1-2. PMID: 26378864; EIN: Am J Public Health. 2015 Sep;105(9):e7. PMID: 26252076; 2015/04/16 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1541-0048; 0090-0036 Accession Number PMID: 25880947 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; AIM; IM DOI 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302482 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25880947 Abstract OBJECTIVES: We examined whether smokers who used e-cigarettes are more likely to quit after 1 year than smokers who had never used e-cigarettes. METHODS: We surveyed California smokers (n = 1000) at 2 time points 1 year apart. We conducted logistic regression analyses to determine whether history of e-cigarette use at baseline predicted quitting behavior at follow-up, adjusting for demographics and smoking behavior at baseline. We limited analyses to smokers who reported consistent e-cigarette behavior at baseline and follow-up. RESULTS: Compared with smokers who never used e-cigarettes, smokers who ever used e-cigarettes were significantly less likely to decrease cigarette consumption (odds ratio [OR] = 0.51; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.30, 0.87), and significantly less likely to quit for 30 days or more at follow-up (OR = 0.41; 95% CI = 0.18, 0.93). Ever-users of e-cigarettes were more likely to report a quit attempt, although this was not statistically significant (OR = 1.15; 95% CI = 0.67, 1.97). CONCLUSIONS: Smokers who have used e-cigarettes may be at increased risk for not being able to quit smoking. These findings, which need to be confirmed by longer-term cohort studies, have important policy and regulation implications regarding the use of e-cigarettes among smokers. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Al-Delaimy,W.K., Myers,M.G., Leas,E.C., Strong,D.R., Hofstetter,C.R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150416 PMCID Editors
Effect of plasmids harbouring blaCTX-M on the virulence and fitness of Escherichia coli ST131 isolates	2015	Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 440-746, South Korea.; Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University Scho	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full International journal of antimicrobial agents Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Antimicrob.Agents Pub Date Free Form Aug Volume 46 Issue 2 Start Page 214 Other Pages 218 Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2015; JID: 9111860; EC 3.5.2.- (beta-lactamase CTX-M-14); EC 3.5.2.- (beta-lactamase CTX-M-15); EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-Lactamases); OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/11/27 [received]; 2015/04/23 [revised]; 2015/04/26 [accepted]; 2015/06/04 [aheadofprint]; ppu Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 1872-7913; 0924-8579 Accession Number PMID: 26116415 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2015.04.012 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26116415 Abstract The effect of plasmids harbouring blaCTX-M on the virulence and fitness on Escherichia coli sequence type 131 (ST131) isolates was investigated. Plasmids harbouring blaCTX-M-14 or blaCTX-M-15 were transferred by transconjugation into five non-extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing ST131 isolates. Clinical non-ESBL-producing ST131 isolates demonstrated a higher degree of biofilm formation and serum resistance compared with CTX-M-producing ST131 isolates. In addition, non-ESBL-producing isolates were more competitive than CTX-M-producing isolates. Transconjugants showed no significant defect in growth rate and competitiveness compared with their hosts. However, serum resistance and biofilm formation were diminished in the transconjugants. In conclusion, non-ESBL-producing E. coli ST131 isolates were more competitive and virulent than CTX-M-producing E. coli ST131 isolates. However, transconjugants harbouring blaCTX-M were no less competitive than their susceptible hosts, which may partially explain the global dissemination of CTX-M-14- and CTX-M-15-producing E. coli ST131 isolates, in addition to their increased antimicrobial resistance. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier B.V. and the International Society of Chemotherapy Data Source Authors Shin,J., Ko,K.S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150604 PMCID Editors
The effects of nicotine stimulus and response expectancies on male and female smokers' responses to nicotine-free electronic cigarettes	2015	Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Canada.; Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Canada.; School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel.; Department of Psychology and Neuroscience,	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Addictive Behaviors Periodical, Abbrev. Addict.Behav. Pub Date Free Form Jan Volume 40 Issue Start Page 144 Other Pages 147 Notes LR: 20151119; CI: Copyright (c) 2014; JID: 7603486; 0 (Nicotinic Agonists); 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/07/09 [received]; 2014/09/07 [revised]; 2014/09/10 [accepted]; 2014/09/18 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1873-6327; 0306-4603 Accession Number PMID: 25261789 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.09.013 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25261789 Abstract BACKGROUND: Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have been reported to reduce tobacco craving and withdrawal; however, the mechanisms underlying these effects have not been elucidated. METHODS: This study examined the contributions of nicotine stimulus and response expectancies to responses to nicotine-free e-cigarettes in 21 e-cigarette naive smokers (12 male). Participants completed two randomized experimental sessions in which they administered a nicotine-free e-cigarette. During one session they were informed that the e-cigarette contained nicotine and during the other session they were informed that the e-cigarette was nicotine-free. Participants completed subjective assessments before and immediately after sampling ten puffs from the e-cigarette and were then invited to earn additional puffs using a computerized progressive ratio task. Prior to their enrolment in the study, participants provided an estimate of the relative importance of the nicotine content of e-cigarettes for craving relief. RESULTS: Instructions that the e-cigarette contained nicotine were found to reduce both intention to smoke (p=0.017) and withdrawal-related (p=0.018) craving, regardless of a-priori reported beliefs regarding the relative importance of nicotine. Nicotine content instructions were also found to be associated with a shorter latency to self-administration (p=0.005); however, a SexxInstructionsxResponse Expectancy interaction (p=0.008) revealed that this effect was specific to women who had strong a-priori nicotine content craving relief expectations. Neither nicotine content instructions nor response expectancies impacted the number of puffs self-administered. CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that nicotine content expectations contribute to smokers' responses to e-cigarettes, and that a-priori beliefs about nicotine effects may be especially important in women. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier Ltd Data Source Authors Copp,S.R., Collins,J.L., Dar,R., Barrett,S.P. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20140918 PMCID Editors

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