WTS database

Title Sort descending	Pub Year	Author	SearchLink
Second-hand smoke in indoor hospitality venues in Pakistan	2011	Medical College, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Tuberc.Lung Dis. Pub Date Free Form Jul Volume 15 Issue 7 Start Page 972 Other Pages 977 Notes JID: 9706389; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); ppublish Place of Publication France ISSN/ISBN 1815-7920; 1027-3719 Accession Number PMID: 21682974 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.5588/ijtld.10.0524 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 21682974 Abstract BACKGROUND: Second-hand smoke (SHS) constitutes a significant public health threat in countries with a high smoking prevalence. However, data assessing the quality of indoor air at public venues in Pakistan are limited. OBJECTIVES: To measure mean concentrations of PM(2.5) (particulate matter =2.5 microns in diameter), a sensitive indicator of SHS, in hospitality venues in Pakistan. SETTING AND DESIGN: Data were collected discreetly from 39 indoor venues such as cafes, restaurants and shisha (water-pipe) bars from three major cities in Pakistan. Data were recorded using a portable air quality monitoring device. RESULTS: The overall mean PM(2.5) value for the visited venues was 846 mug/m(3) (95%CI 484-1205). The mean PM(2.5) value was 101 mug/m(3) (95%CI 69-135 mug/m(3)) for non-smoking venues, 689 mug/m(3) (95%CI 241-1138) for cigarette smoking venues and 1745 mug/m(3) (95%CI 925-2565) for shisha smoking venues. CONCLUSION: The significant levels of SHS recorded in this study, in particular from shisha smoking venues, could represent a major public health burden in Pakistan. Appropriate legislation needs to be enforced to protect the health of those exposed to the hazards of second-hand tobacco smoke. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Zaidi,S.M., Moin,O., Khan,J.A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Second-hand smoke in mental healthcare settings: time to implement total smoke-free bans?	2013	Tobacco Control Unit, Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Institut Catala d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full International journal of epidemiology Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Epidemiol. Pub Date Free Form Jun Volume 42 Issue 3 Start Page 886 Other Pages 893 Notes JID: 7802871; 0 (Particulate Matter); 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); CIN: Int J Epidemiol. 2013 Jun;42(3):894-5. PMID: 23918856; OTO: NOTNLM; 2013/03/29 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1464-3685; 0300-5771 Accession Number PMID: 23543600 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1093/ije/dyt014 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23543600 Abstract BACKGROUND: Second-hand smoke is associated with adverse health effects. Many countries have extended smoke-free policies to public buildings and workplaces such as hospitals, but mental health units have usually been exempted from complete smoke-free bans. The objective of this study was to evaluate second-hand smoke levels in mental health units with different types of smoking bans. Method We conducted a cross-sectional study to evaluate second-hand smoke in 64 mental health inpatient units (95.5% of the all such units) in Catalonia, Spain. We measured air concentrations of particulate matter Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Ballbe,M., Sureda,X., Martinez-Sanchez,J.M., Salto,E., Gual,A., Fernandez,E. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20130329 PMCID Editors
Second-hand smoke levels in Israeli bars, pubs and cafes before and after implementation of smoke-free legislation	2011	Department of Health Promotion, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. rosenl@post.tau.ac.il	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full European journal of public health Periodical, Abbrev. Eur.J.Public Health Pub Date Free Form Feb Volume 21 Issue 1 Start Page 15 Other Pages 20 Notes LR: 20121115; JID: 9204966; 0 (Particulate Matter); 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 2010/01/28 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1464-360X; 1101-1262 Accession Number PMID: 20110272 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1093/eurpub/ckp243 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 20110272 Abstract BACKGROUND: In 2007, Israel passed a law to extend existing restrictions on smoking in public places and to strengthen enforcement. Responsibility for ensuring smoke-free indoor public places was placed on establishment owners. Bars and pubs were included in the law for the first time. This study aimed to assess changes in air quality in popular Israeli bars, pubs and cafes after the implementation of law, and to examine changes in patron numbers, percentage of smoking patrons and venue-seating sections. METHODS: Air quality was determined by measuring respirable suspended particles (PM(2.5) mug(-3)) in 33 randomly selected venues in Jerusalem and Tel Aviv, including bars, pubs and cafes, before and after law implementation. Numbers of patrons and smoking patrons were recorded. RESULTS: Average respirable small particles (RSP) level was 245 mug(-3) prior to implementation and 161 mug(-3) following implementation of the law, representing a decline of 34% (P = 0.0043). RSP levels decreased in bars and pubs and in cafes. Percentage of smoking patrons declined from 19% to 9% (P = 0.0036). The magnitude of the effect decreased over time (P = 0.0039). Non-smoking establishments were more common following the legislation (P = 0.0047). CONCLUSION: Indoor air pollution from second-hand smoke in Israeli bars, pubs and cafes in Jerusalem and Tel Aviv declined following the implementation of law. This demonstrates that a law to extend existing restrictions and enforcement policies may help protect workers and patrons from tobacco smoke. However, RSP levels in Israeli bars and pubs, especially in Tel Aviv, remain unacceptably high. Enforced, 100% smoke-free laws are essential for complete protection. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Rosen,L.J., Zucker,D.M., Rosen,B.J., Connolly,G.N. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20100128 PMCID Editors
Secondary effects of anion exchange on chloride, sulfate, and lead release: systems approach to corrosion control	2012	Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, University of Florida, P.O. Box 116450, Gainesville, FL 32611-6450, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Water research Periodical, Abbrev. Water Res. Pub Date Free Form 1-May Volume 46 Issue 7 Start Page 2385 Other Pages 2394 Notes LR: 20131121; CI: Copyright A(c) 2012; JID: 0105072; 0 (Anions); 0 (Chlorides); 0 (Sulfates); 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical); 2P299V784P (Lead); 2011/11/03 [received]; 2012/02/02 [revised]; 2012/02/04 [accepted]; 2012/02/14 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1879-2448; 0043-1354 Accession Number PMID: 22374301 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.watres.2012.02.010 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22374301 Abstract Water treatment processes can cause secondary changes in water chemistry that alter finished water quality including chloride, sulfate, natural organic matter (NOM), and metal release. Hence, the goal of this research was to provide an improved understanding of the chloride-to-sulfate mass ratio (CSMR) with regards to chloride and sulfate variations at full-scale water treatment plants and corrosion potential under simulated premise plumbing conditions. Laboratory corrosion studies were conducted using Pb-Sn solder/Cu tubing galvanic cells exposed to model waters with low (approx. 5 mg/L Cl(-) and 10 mg/L SO(4)(2-)) and high (approx. 50 mg/L Cl(-) and 100 mg/L SO(4)(2-)) concentrations of chloride and sulfate at a constant CSMR of approximately 0.5. The role of NOM during corrosion was also evaluated by changing the type of organic material. In addition, full-scale sampling was conducted to quantify the raw water variability of chloride, sulfate, and NOM concentrations and the changes to these parameters from magnetic ion exchange treatment. Test conditions with higher concentrations of chloride and sulfate released significantly more lead than the lower chloride and sulfate test waters. In addition, the source of NOM was a key factor in the amount of lead released with the model organic compounds yielding significantly less lead release than aquatic NOM. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier Ltd Data Source Authors Willison,H., Boyer,T.H. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20120214 PMCID Editors
Secondhand hookah smoke: an occupational hazard for hookah bar employees	2016	Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.; New York University, New York, New York, USA.; Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA Department of E	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tobacco control Periodical, Abbrev. Tob.Control Pub Date Free Form 25-Jan Volume Issue Start Page Other Pages Notes LR: 20160127; CI: Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/; JID: 9209612; OTO: NOTNLM; aheadofprint Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1468-3318; 0964-4563 Accession Number PMID: 26811352 Language ENG SubFile JOURNAL ARTICLE DOI tobaccocontrol-2015-052505 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26811352 Abstract BACKGROUND: Despite the increasing popularity of hookah bars, there is a lack of research assessing the health effects of hookah smoke among employees. This study investigated indoor air quality in hookah bars and the health effects of secondhand hookah smoke on hookah bar workers. METHODS: Air samples were collected during the work shift of 10 workers in hookah bars in New York City (NYC). Air measurements of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), fine black carbon (BC2.5), carbon monoxide (CO), and nicotine were collected during each work shift. Blood pressure and heart rate, markers of active smoking and secondhand smoke exposure (exhaled CO and saliva cotinine levels), and selected inflammatory cytokines in blood (ineterleukin (IL)-1b, IL-6, IL-8, interferon gamma (IFN-gamma), tumour necrosis factor (TNF-alpha)) were assessed in workers immediately prior to and immediately after their work shift. RESULTS: The PM2.5 (gravimetric) and BC2.5 concentrations in indoor air varied greatly among the work shifts with mean levels of 363.8 microg/m3 and 2.2 microg/m3, respectively. The mean CO level was 12.9 ppm with a peak value of 22.5 ppm CO observed in one hookah bar. While heart rate was elevated by 6 bpm after occupational exposure, this change was not statistically significant. Levels of inflammatory cytokines in blood were all increased at postshift compared to preshift testing with IFN-Upsilon increasing from 0.85 (0.13) to 1.6 (0.25) (mean (standard error of the mean; SEM)) pg/mL (p90 ppm exhaled CO. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that hookah bars have elevated concentrations of indoor air pollutants that appear to cause adverse health effects in employees. These data indicate the need for further research and a marked need for better air quality monitoring and policies in such establishments to improve the indoor air quality for workers and patrons. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Zhou,S., Behrooz,L., Weitzman,M., Pan,G., Vilcassim,R., Mirowsky,J.E., Breysee,P., Rule,A., Gordon,T. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20160125 PMCID Editors
Secondhand smoke and particulate matter exposure in the home	2009	Department of Health Behavior, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Jun Volume 11 Issue 6 Start Page 635 Other Pages 641 Notes JID: 9815751; 0 (Air Pollutants); 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 2009/04/07 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-994X; 1462-2203 Accession Number PMID: 19351784 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1093/ntr/ntp018 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19351784 Abstract With the increasing normative trend of clean indoor air laws prohibiting smoking in public places such as worksites and restaurants, the home is becoming the primary source of secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure. However, little empirical data indicate how SHS is distributed throughout homes and whether smoking in segregated areas offers protection. This project studied real-time data on levels of SHS in 9 homes in which smoking was permitted and in 3 smoke-free homes. Active sampling monitors were used to assess levels of PM(2.5), a marker for SHS, over a 3-day period. In smoking homes, one monitor was placed in the primary smoking area and another in a distal location, where smoking generally did not occur. Participants logged smoking and other activities that could affect air quality. In smoking homes, without assuming normality, the mean PM(2.5) level for the primary smoking areas was statistically significantly higher than that for distal areas (84 and 63 microg/m3, respectively). Both levels far surpassed the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's annual standard of 15 microg/m3 for outdoor air quality. By contrast, the smoke-free home mean was 9 microg/m3, similar to outdoor air quality. These results suggest that the air in smoking homes was several times more polluted than that in smoke-free homes, regardless of where the measurements were taken, meaning that efforts to confine smoking to only part of the home offer no protection for people anywhere inside the home. Household members can be protected by implementing a smoke-free home policy. Descriptors Air Pollutants/analysis, Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis/prevention & control, Environmental Monitoring/methods, Family Relations, Housing, Humans, Inhalation Exposure/analysis/prevention & control, Risk Assessment, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/analysis/prevention & control Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Van Deusen,A., Hyland,A., Travers,M. J., Wang,C., Higbee,C., King,B. A., Alford,T., Cummings,K. M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20090407 PMCID Editors
Secondhand smoke drift: examining the influence of indoor smoking bans on indoor and outdoor air quality at pubs and bars	2010	Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer, Cancer Council Victoria, 1 Rathdowne Street, Carlton Vic 3053, Australia.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Mar Volume 12 Issue 3 Start Page 271 Other Pages 277 Notes JID: 9815751; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 2010/01/22 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-994X; 1462-2203 Accession Number PMID: 20097839 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1093/ntr/ntp204 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 20097839 Abstract INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to examine the influence of indoor smoking bans on indoor and outdoor air quality at pubs and bars and to assess whether secondhand tobacco smoke (SHS) drifts from outdoor smoking areas to adjacent indoor areas. METHODS: Data were covertly collected from a convenience sample of 19 pubs and bars that had at least 1 indoor area with an adjacent semi-enclosed outdoor eating/drinking area. Using TSI SidePak Personal Aerosol Monitors, concentrations of SHS (PM(2.5)) were measured concurrently in indoor and outdoor areas before and after implementation of the indoor smoking ban. Information was collected about the number of patrons and lit cigarettes and about the enclosure of outdoor areas. RESULTS: Indoor PM(2.5) concentrations reduced by 65.5% from pre-ban to post-ban (95% CI 32.6%-82.3%, p = .004). Outdoor exposure to PM(2.5) also reduced from pre-ban to post-ban by 38.8% (95% CI 3.2%-61.3%, p = .037). At post-ban, indoor concentrations of PM(2.5) were positively associated with outdoor concentrations. After adjustment for covariates, a 100% increase in geometric mean (GM) outdoor PM(2.5) was associated with a 36.1% (95% CI 2.4%-80.9%) increase in GM indoor PM(2.5) exposure (p = .035). DISCUSSION: Indoor smoking bans are an effective means of improving indoor and outdoor air quality in pubs and bars, although the air quality of smoke-free indoor areas may be compromised by smoking in adjacent outdoor areas. These findings require consideration in efforts to ensure adequate protection of the health of employees and patrons at hospitality venues. Descriptors Air Movements, Air Pollution, Indoor/prevention & control, Environmental Monitoring/methods, Humans, Public Policy, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/legislation & jurisprudence, Ventilation, Victoria Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Brennan,E., Cameron,M., Warne,C., Durkin,S., Borland,R., Travers,M. J., Hyland,A., Wakefield,M. A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20100122 PMCID Editors
Secondhand smoke emission levels in waterpipe cafes in Doha, Qatar	2015	Tobacco Control Unit, Medicine Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.; Tobacco Control Unit, Medicine Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.; Department of Social & Behavioral Sciences, Center for Global Tobacco Control, Harvard	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tobacco control Periodical, Abbrev. Tob.Control Pub Date Free Form Oct Volume 24 Issue e3 Start Page e227 Other Pages 31 Notes CI: Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.; JID: 9209612; 0 (Air Pollutants); 0 (Particulate Matter); 0 (Tobacc Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1468-3318; 0964-4563 Accession Number PMID: 25352562 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2014-051717 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25352562 Abstract BACKGROUND: Exposure to the emissions of a tobacco waterpipe is associated with increased health risks among its users as well as those exposed to its secondhand smoke. Waterpipe use is an emerging concern to the tobacco control community, particularly among countries of the Eastern Mediterranean Region. In 2002, Qatar adopted legislation that prohibited cigarette smoking inside public venues, but exempted tobacco waterpipe smoking. To inform the development and enforcement of effective policy, the impact of cigarette and waterpipe use on indoor air quality was monitored in waterpipe cafes in Doha, Qatar. METHODS: Particulate matter (PM2.5) levels were measured inside and outside of a sample of 40 waterpipe cafes and 16 smoke-free venues in Doha, Qatar between July and October 2012. In addition, the number of waterpipes being smoked and the number of cigarette smokers were counted within each venue. Non-paired and paired sample t tests were used to assess differences in mean PM2.5 measurements between venue type (waterpipe vs smoke-free) and environment (indoor vs outdoor). RESULTS: The mean PM2.5 level inside waterpipe venues (476 mug/m(3)) was significantly higher than the mean PM2.5 level inside smoke-free venues (17 mug/m(3); p Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Al Mulla,A., Fanous,N., Seidenberg,A.B., Rees,V.W. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20141028 PMCID Editors
Secondhand smoke exposure (PM2.5) in outdoor dining areas and its correlates	2010	Cancer Council Victoria, Carlton, Australia.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tobacco control Periodical, Abbrev. Tob.Control Pub Date Free Form Feb Volume 19 Issue 1 Start Page 19 Other Pages 23 Notes JID: 9209612; 0 (Particulate Matter); 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 2009/10/21 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1468-3318; 0964-4563 Accession Number PMID: 19850553 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1136/tc.2009.030544 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19850553 Abstract BACKGROUND: This study assessed the magnitude of secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure when people smoke in outdoor dining areas and explored conditions influencing exposure levels. METHODS: Data were gathered from 69 outdoor dining areas in Melbourne, Australia, during April/May 2007. Sitting at tables within 1 metre of an active smoker, the authors measured the concentration of particulate pollution (PM(2.5)) using TSI SidePak Personal Aerosol Monitors. PM(2.5) data were recorded by the monitor at 30-second intervals, and data were collected over an average of 25.8 minutes per venue. Information was collected about the presence of overhead coverings and the number of patrons and lit cigarettes. RESULTS: The average background level of PM(2.5) was 8.4 microg/m(3) (geometric mean (GM)=6.1 microg/m(3)), increasing to an average of 17.6 microg/m(3) (GM=12.7 microg/m(3)) over the observational period and 27.3 microg/m(3) (GM=17.6 microg/m(3)) during the time that cigarettes were actively smoked near the monitor. There was substantial variation in exposure levels, with a maximum peak concentration of 483.9 microg/m(3) when there were lit cigarettes close to the monitor. Average exposure levels increased by around 30% for every additional active smoker within 1 metre of the monitor. Being situated under an overhead cover increased average exposure by around 50%. CONCLUSIONS: When individuals sit in outdoor dining venues where smokers are present it is possible that they will be exposed to substantial SHS levels. Significant increases in exposure were observed when monitors were located under overhead covers, and as the number of nearby smokers increased. The role of outdoor smoking restrictions in minimising exposure to SHS must be considered. Descriptors Environmental Exposure/analysis, Environmental Monitoring/methods, Humans, Inhalation Exposure/analysis, Particulate Matter/analysis, Restaurants, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/analysis, Victoria Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Cameron,M., Brennan,E., Durkin,S., Borland,R., Travers,M. J., Hyland,A., Spittal,M. J., Wakefield,M. A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20091021 PMCID Editors
Secondhand smoke exposure and neurobehavioral disorders among children in the United States	2011	Tobacco Free Research Institute, Dublin, Ireland. halpert@hsph.harvard.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Pediatrics Periodical, Abbrev. Pediatrics Pub Date Free Form Aug Volume 128 Issue 2 Start Page 263 Other Pages 270 Notes JID: 0376422; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 2011/07/11 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1098-4275; 0031-4005 Accession Number PMID: 21746720 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; AIM; IM DOI 10.1542/peds.2011-0023 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 21746720 Abstract OBJECTIVES: The association between parent-reported postnatal secondhand tobacco smoke exposure in the home and neurobehavioral disorders (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, learning disabilities, and conduct disorders) among children younger than 12 years in the United States was examined using the 2007 National Survey on Children's Health. Excess neurobehavioral disorders attributable to secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure in the home in 2007 were further investigated. METHODS: The methods used in this study were multivariable logistic regression models that accounted for potential confounders and complex survey designs to evaluate associations. RESULTS: A total of 6% of 55 358 children (aged /=2 childhood neurobehavioral disorders compared with children who were not exposed to SHS. Boys had a significantly higher risk. Older children, especially those aged 9 to 11 years, and those living in households with the highest poverty levels were at greater risk. In absolute terms, 274 100 excess cases in total of these 3 disorders could have been prevented if children had not been exposed to SHS in their homes. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of the study, which are associational and not necessarily causal, underscore the health burden of childhood neurobehavioral disorders that may be attributable to SHS exposure in homes in the United States. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Kabir,Z., Connolly,G.N., Alpert,H.R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20110711 PMCID Editors

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