Image
WTS Database
The subject of interest is:
waterpipe, water-pipe, nargile, narghile, arguileh, arguile, shisha, sheesha, chichi, hubble bubble, hubbly bubbly, goza, hookah, bong
| Title Sort ascending | Pub Year | Author | SearchLink |
|---|---|---|---|
| Trace analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in suspended particulate matter by accelerated solvent extraction followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry | 2005 | Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES), Inland and Marine Waters Unit, Joint Research Centre of the European Commission, 21020 Ispra (VA), Italy. angels.olivella@terra.es | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry
Periodical, Abbrev.
Anal.Bioanal Chem.
Pub Date Free Form
Sep
Volume
383
Issue
1
Start Page
107
Other Pages
114
Notes
LR: 20160512; JID: 101134327; 0 (Anthracenes); 0 (Hexanes); 0 (Naphthalenes); 0 (Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic); 0 (Solvents); 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical); 1364PS73AF (Acetone); 2166IN72UN (naphthalene); EH46A1TLD7 (anthracene); 2005/03/14 [receive
Place of Publication
Germany
ISSN/ISBN
1618-2642; 1618-2642
Accession Number
PMID: 16041602
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1007/s00216-005-3383-1 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
16041602
Abstract
An analytical procedure based on extraction by accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis has been developed for the determination of particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from large-volume water samples (20 L). The effect of temperature and number of cycles on the efficiency of ASE was investigated: the best results were obtained by using a temperature of 100 degrees C and one static cycle. A mixture of hexane/acetone 1:1 (v/v) was used as extraction solvent. Mean total method recovery under optimized conditions was 85%. The developed methodology was applied to the analysis of suspended particulate matter from Lake Maggiore waters (north of Italy). Mean PAH concentrations in suspended particulate matter from Lake Maggiore ranged from 0.2 ng L(-1) for anthracene to 18.7 ng L(-1) for naphthalene.
Descriptors
Acetone/chemistry, Anthracenes/analysis, Fresh Water/analysis, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/methods, Hexanes/chemistry, Naphthalenes/analysis, Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic/analysis, Solvents/chemistry, Temperature, Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Olivella,M. A.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20051019
PMCID
Editors
|
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| Toxicological impact of waterpipe smoking and flavorings in the oral cavity and respiratory system | 2017 | Read more... | |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Inhalation toxicology
Periodical, Abbrev.
Inhal.Toxicol.
Pub Date Free Form
Volume
29
Issue
9
Start Page
389
Other Pages
396
Notes
Place of Publication
ISSN/ISBN
Accession Number
Language
SubFile
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
Abstract
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Taylor & Francis
Data Source
google
Authors
Javed, Fawad, ALHarthi, Shatha Subhi, BinShabaib, Munerah Saleh, Gajendra, Sangeeta, Romanos, Georgios E, Rahman, Irfan
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Toxicity of Sb and Cu in sewage sludge to terrestrial plants (lettuce, oat, radish), and of sludge elutriate to aquatic organisms (Daphnia and Lemna) and its interaction | 2004 | Fjällborg, B., Dept. of Appl. Environmental Science, Göteborg University, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Water, air, and soil pollution
Periodical, Abbrev.
Water Air Soil Pollut.
Pub Date Free Form
2004/
Volume
155
Issue
4-Jan
Start Page
3
Other Pages
20
Notes
Place of Publication
ISSN/ISBN
0049-6979
Accession Number
Language
SubFile
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
Abstract
Antimony (Sb) and Copper (Cu) are two metals of major concern in sewage sludge. Antimony because its use in society is increasing and this might lead to increased Sb concentrations in sludge. Copper because its total volume in use in society is large and because of corrosion from water pipes it is most difficult to reduce the Cu concentrations in sludge. Fresh digested sewage sludge was spiked with Cu or Sb and the sludge was cultivated with oat (Avena sativa), lettuce (Lactuca sativa) or radish (Raphanus sativus). Elutriates from the cultivated sludge were tested for toxicity with Lemna minor (7-d growth) and Daphnia magna (48 h immobility). Before cultivation the elutriates were toxic to Lemna and Daphnia due to high concentrations of ammonia (NH3) and nitrite (NO2-). Cultivation decreased the concentrations of both NH3 and NO2-, thereby reducing the impact of these compounds in the toxicity tests. Cultivation also decreased the metal concentrations and pH. Daphnia magna was the most sensitive test organism in this study with a 48 h EC50 of 1130 mg Cu kg-1 dry wt and 5 mg Sb kg-1 dry wt in elutriates from sludge cultivated with oat. In sludge cultivated with radish the 48 h EC50 was 1700 mg Cu kg-1 dry wt and 22 mg Sb kg-1 dry wt. The effect of Cu could be predicted by pH and Cu concentration in the elutriate, but the effect of Sb could not solely be explained by its concentration in the elutriate.
Descriptors
antimony, copper, ammonia formation, article, concentration (parameters), corrosion, Daphnia, dry deposition, dry weight, elution, lettuce, municipal solid waste, oat, pH measurement, radish, sludge digestion, sludge disposal, sludge treatment, toxicity testing
Links
Book Title
Database
Embase
Publisher
Data Source
Embase
Authors
Fjällborg,B., Dave,G.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Toxicant inhalation among singleton waterpipe tobacco users in natural settings | 2019 | Public Health Policy Evaluation Unit, Imperial College London, Hammersmith, UK.; Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.; Center for the Study of Tobacco Products, Virginia Commonwealth University, Ri(TRUNCATED | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Tobacco control
Periodical, Abbrev.
Tob.Control
Pub Date Free Form
Mar
Volume
28
Issue
2
Start Page
181
Other Pages
188
Notes
LR: 20190425; CI: (c) Article author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2019; GR: P50 DA036105/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 DA025659/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9209612; OTO: NOTNLM; 2017/12/29 0
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1468-3318; 0964-4563
Accession Number
PMID: 29807946
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
DOI
10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2017-054230 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
29807946
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Studies that assess waterpipe tobacco smoking behaviour and toxicant exposure generally use controlled laboratory environments with small samples that may not fully capture real-world variability in human behaviour and waterpipe products. This study aimed to conduct real-time sampling of waterpipe tobacco use in natural environments using an in situ device. METHODS: We used the REALTIME sampling instrument: a validated, portable, self-powered device designed to sample automatically a fixed percentage of the aerosol flowing through the waterpipe mouthpiece during every puff. We recruited participants at cafe and home settings in Jordan and measured puffing behaviour in addition to inhalation exposure of total particulate matter (TPM), carbon monoxide (CO), nicotine, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and volatile aldehydes. We correlated total inhaled volume with five selected toxicants and calculated the regression line of this relationship. RESULTS: Averaged across 79 singleton sessions (52% male, mean age 27.0, 95% home sessions), sessions lasted 46.9 min and participants drew 290 puffs and inhaled 214 L per session. Mean quantities of inhaled toxicants per session were 1910 mg TPM, 259 mg CO, 5.0 mg nicotine, 117 ng benzo[a]pyrene and 198 ng formaldehyde. We found positive correlations between total inhaled volume and TPM (r=0.472; p
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Jawad,M., Eissenberg,T., Salman,R., Soule,E., Alzoubi,K.H., Khabour,O.F., Karaoghlanian,N., Baalbaki,R., El Hage,R., Saliba,N.A., Shihadeh,A.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20180528
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Toxicant inhalation among singleton waterpipe tobacco users in natural settings | 2019 | Public Health Policy Evaluation Unit, Imperial College London, Hammersmith, UK.; Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.; Center for the Study of Tobacco Products, Virginia Commonwealth University, Ri(TRUNCATED | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Tobacco control
Periodical, Abbrev.
Tob.Control
Pub Date Free Form
Mar
Volume
28
Issue
2
Start Page
181
Other Pages
188
Notes
LR: 20190614; CI: (c) Article author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2019; GR: P50 DA036105/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 DA025659/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9209612; NIHMS971077; OTO: NOTNLM;
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1468-3318; 0964-4563
Accession Number
PMID: 29807946
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
DOI
10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2017-054230 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
29807946
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Studies that assess waterpipe tobacco smoking behaviour and toxicant exposure generally use controlled laboratory environments with small samples that may not fully capture real-world variability in human behaviour and waterpipe products. This study aimed to conduct real-time sampling of waterpipe tobacco use in natural environments using an in situ device. METHODS: We used the REALTIME sampling instrument: a validated, portable, self-powered device designed to sample automatically a fixed percentage of the aerosol flowing through the waterpipe mouthpiece during every puff. We recruited participants at cafe and home settings in Jordan and measured puffing behaviour in addition to inhalation exposure of total particulate matter (TPM), carbon monoxide (CO), nicotine, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and volatile aldehydes. We correlated total inhaled volume with five selected toxicants and calculated the regression line of this relationship. RESULTS: Averaged across 79 singleton sessions (52% male, mean age 27.0, 95% home sessions), sessions lasted 46.9 min and participants drew 290 puffs and inhaled 214 L per session. Mean quantities of inhaled toxicants per session were 1910 mg TPM, 259 mg CO, 5.0 mg nicotine, 117 ng benzo[a]pyrene and 198 ng formaldehyde. We found positive correlations between total inhaled volume and TPM (r=0.472; p
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Jawad,M., Eissenberg,T., Salman,R., Soule,E., Alzoubi,K.H., Khabour,O.F., Karaoghlanian,N., Baalbaki,R., El Hage,R., Saliba,N.A., Shihadeh,A.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20180528
PMCID
PMC6563915
Editors
|
|||
| Toxicant inhalation among singleton waterpipe tobacco users in natural settings | 2019 | Public Health Policy Evaluation Unit, Imperial College London, Hammersmith, UK.; Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.; Center for the Study of Tobacco Products, Virginia Commonwealth University, Ri(TRUNCATED | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Tobacco control
Periodical, Abbrev.
Tob.Control
Pub Date Free Form
Mar
Volume
28
Issue
2
Start Page
181
Other Pages
188
Notes
LR: 20190614; CI: (c) Article author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2019; GR: P50 DA036105/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 DA025659/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9209612; NIHMS971077; OTO: NOTNLM;
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1468-3318; 0964-4563
Accession Number
PMID: 29807946
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
DOI
10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2017-054230 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
29807946
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Studies that assess waterpipe tobacco smoking behaviour and toxicant exposure generally use controlled laboratory environments with small samples that may not fully capture real-world variability in human behaviour and waterpipe products. This study aimed to conduct real-time sampling of waterpipe tobacco use in natural environments using an in situ device. METHODS: We used the REALTIME sampling instrument: a validated, portable, self-powered device designed to sample automatically a fixed percentage of the aerosol flowing through the waterpipe mouthpiece during every puff. We recruited participants at cafe and home settings in Jordan and measured puffing behaviour in addition to inhalation exposure of total particulate matter (TPM), carbon monoxide (CO), nicotine, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and volatile aldehydes. We correlated total inhaled volume with five selected toxicants and calculated the regression line of this relationship. RESULTS: Averaged across 79 singleton sessions (52% male, mean age 27.0, 95% home sessions), sessions lasted 46.9 min and participants drew 290 puffs and inhaled 214 L per session. Mean quantities of inhaled toxicants per session were 1910 mg TPM, 259 mg CO, 5.0 mg nicotine, 117 ng benzo[a]pyrene and 198 ng formaldehyde. We found positive correlations between total inhaled volume and TPM (r=0.472; p
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Jawad,M., Eissenberg,T., Salman,R., Soule,E., Alzoubi,K.H., Khabour,O.F., Karaoghlanian,N., Baalbaki,R., El Hage,R., Saliba,N.A., Shihadeh,A.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20180528
PMCID
PMC6563915
Editors
|
|||
| Toxicant content, physical properties and biological activity of waterpipe tobacco smoke and its tobacco-free alternatives | 2015 | Department of Mechanical Engineering, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon Department of Psychology, Center for the Study of Tobacco Products, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.; Department of Safety of Pesticides, German | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Tobacco control
Periodical, Abbrev.
Tob.Control
Pub Date Free Form
Mar
Volume
24 Suppl 1
Issue
Start Page
i22
Other Pages
i30
Notes
LR: 20150319; CI: Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.; GR: P50DA036105/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R0
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1468-3318; 0964-4563
Accession Number
PMID: 25666550
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Review; IM
DOI
10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2014-051907 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
25666550
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Waterpipe smoking using sweetened, flavoured tobacco products has become a widespread global phenomenon. In this paper, we review chemical, physical and biological properties of waterpipe smoke. DATA SOURCES: Peer-reviewed publications indexed in major databases between 1991 and 2014. Search keywords included a combination of: waterpipe, narghile, hookah, shisha along with names of chemical compounds and classes of compounds, in addition to terms commonly used in cellular biology and aerosol sizing. STUDY SELECTION: The search was limited to articles published in English which reported novel data on waterpipe tobacco smoke (WTS) toxicant content, biological activity or particle size and which met various criteria for analytical rigour including: method specificity and selectivity, precision, accuracy and recovery, linearity, range, and stability. DATA EXTRACTION: Multiple researchers reviewed the reports and collectively agreed on which data were pertinent for inclusion. DATA SYNTHESIS: Waterpipe smoke contains significant concentrations of toxicants thought to cause dependence, heart disease, lung disease and cancer in cigarette smokers, and includes 27 known or suspected carcinogens. Waterpipe smoke is a respirable aerosol that induces cellular responses associated with pulmonary and arterial diseases. Except nicotine, smoke generated using tobacco-free preparations marketed for 'health conscious' users contains the same or greater doses of toxicants, with the same cellular effects as conventional products. Toxicant yield data from the analytical laboratory are consistent with studies of exposure biomarkers in waterpipe users. CONCLUSIONS: A sufficient evidence base exists to support public health interventions that highlight the fact that WTS presents a serious inhalation hazard.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Shihadeh,A., Schubert,J., Klaiany,J., El Sabban,M., Luch,A., Saliba,N.A.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20150209
PMCID
PMC4345918
Editors
|
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| Toxic volatile organic compounds in simulated environmental tobacco smoke: emission factors for exposure assessment | 1998 | Indoor Environment Program, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, CA 947720, USA. jmdaisey@lbl.gov | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Journal of exposure analysis and environmental epidemiology
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Expo.Anal.Environ.Epidemiol.
Pub Date Free Form
Jul-Sep
Volume
8
Issue
3
Start Page
313
Other Pages
334
Notes
LR: 20071114; GR: R01-HL42490/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9111438; 0 (Organic Chemicals); 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); ppublish
Place of Publication
UNITED STATES
ISSN/ISBN
1053-4245; 1053-4245
Accession Number
PMID: 9679214
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; IM
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
9679214
Abstract
Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is suspected to be a major source of exposure to many of the compounds identified as toxic air contaminants. However, we lack emission factors for many of the ETS air toxics for the brands of cigarettes which currently dominate the market and therefore cannot adequately estimate contributions of ETS to such exposures. This study provides up-to-date emission factors for selected air toxics and other volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in simulated ETS and uses them in a mass balance model to evaluate the potential contribution of ETS to air toxics in indoor air and, therefore to indoor exposures to air toxics. Emission factors (microgram/cigarette) were determined for 21 VOCs (including two aldehydes), nicotine and particulate matter in a room-sized (20-m3) environmental chamber with stainless-steel walls, operated under static conditions, using diluted sidestream smoke (no exhaled mainstream smoke) to simulate ETS. Experiments were conducted for Kentucky Reference cigarette 1R4F and for each of six commercial cigarette brands with major market shares. The variabilities in the ETS emission factors among brands of cigarettes were relatively small, ranging from 16 to 31% (expressed as the coefficient of variation) among the six brands. The concentrations of most of the VOCs did not change over the 4-hour periods of the experiments. However, concentrations of 3-ethenylpyridine, phenol, o-cresol and m,p-cresol showed consistent decreases over time, indicating removal by means other than the very low air infiltration rate (0.03 h-1), e.g., deposition onto the chamber surfaces. Emission factors for these compounds were calculated to take these losses into account and the rate constants for these losses were estimated. To estimate indoor concentrations and inhalation exposures to 16 VOCs, nicotine and PM-2.5, the average emission factors for the six commercial brands were used in a time-dependent mass-balance model for two scenarios: a typical office building and an average residence. In general, the indoor concentrations of the air toxics from ETS, under conditions selected to be "typical" rather than extreme, are comparable in magnitude to average outdoor concentrations, indicating that ETS can be a significant contributor to the total indoor concentration and the inhalation exposure for these species. At higher smoking rates, exposures to VOCs from ETS could be several times higher than those modeled under more "typical" conditions.
Descriptors
Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis, Environmental Exposure/analysis, Environmental Monitoring, Humans, Models, Theoretical, Organic Chemicals/analysis, Smoking, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/analysis
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Daisey,J. M., Mahanama,K. R., Hodgson,A. T.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
|
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| Towards estimating the burden of disease attributable to second-hand smoke exposure in Polish children | 2014 | European Environment Agency, Copenhagen, Denmark. | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
International journal of occupational medicine and environmental health
Periodical, Abbrev.
Int.J.Occup.Med.Environ.Health
Pub Date Free Form
Jan
Volume
27
Issue
1
Start Page
38
Other Pages
49
Notes
JID: 9437093; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 2013/03/15 [received]; 2013/12/13 [accepted]; 2014/01/24 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1896-494X; 1232-1087
Accession Number
PMID: 24464439
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.2478/s13382-014-0223-6 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
24464439
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To estimate the burden of disease attributable to second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure in Polish children in terms of the number of deaths and disability adjusted life years (DALYs) due to lower respiratory infections (LRI), otitis media (OM), asthma, low birth weight (LBW) and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Estimates of SHS exposure in children and in pregnant women as well as information concerning maternal smoking were derived from a national survey, the Global Youth Tobacco Survey, and the Global Adult Tobacco Survey in Poland. Mortality data (LRI, OM, asthma, and SIDS), the number of cases (LBW), and population data were obtained from national statistics (year 2010), and DALYs came from the WHO (year 2004). The burden of disease due to SHS was calculated by multiplying the total burden of a specific health outcome (deaths or DALYs) by a population attributable fraction. RESULTS: Using two estimates of SHS exposure in children: 48% and 60%, at least 12 and 14 deaths from LRI in children aged up to 2 years were attributed to SHS, for the two exposure scenarios, respectively. The highest burden of DALYs was for asthma in children aged up to 15 years: 2412, and 2970 DALYs, for the two exposure scenarios, respectively. For LRI, 419 and 500 DALYs, and for OM, 61 and 77 DALYs were attributed to SHS, for the two exposure scenarios, respectively. Between 13% and 27% of SIDS cases and between 3% and 16% of the cases of LBW at term were attributed to SHS exposure. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides a conservative estimate of the public health impact of SHS exposure on Polish children. Lack of comprehensive, up to date health data concerning children, as well as lack of measures that would best reflect actual SHS exposure are major limitations of the study, likely to underestimate the burden of disease.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Jarosinska,D., Polanska,K., Wojtyniak,B., Hanke,W.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20140124
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Towards a topographical model of narghile water-pipe café smoking: A pilot study in a high socioeconomic status neighborhood of Beirut, Lebanon | 2004 | Shihadeh, A., Department of Mechanical Engineering, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236, Riad El S., Beirut, Lebanon | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior
Periodical, Abbrev.
Pharmacol.Biochem.Behav.
Pub Date Free Form
/
Volume
79
Issue
1
Start Page
75
Other Pages
82
Notes
Place of Publication
ISSN/ISBN
0091-3057
Accession Number
Language
SubFile
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
Abstract
A pilot study of narghile water-pipe smokers in a cafe in the Hamra neighborhood of Beirut, Lebanon, was conducted to develop a preliminary model of narghile water-pipe smoking behavior for use in laboratory smoking machine studies. The model is based on data gathered from smoking sessions of 30 min or longer duration from 52 smoker volunteers using a differential pressure puff topography instrument, as well as anonymous visual observations of 56 smokers in the same cafe. Results showed that the "average" water-pipe cafe smoking session consists of one hundred seventy-one 530-ml puffs of 2.6-s duration at a frequency of 2.8 puffs/min. The implications of this comparatively high-intensity puffing regimen on the production of toxic smoke constituents are discussed. © 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Descriptors
adult, article, behavior, comparative study, female, human, devices, laboratory, Lebanon, male, pilot study, priority journal, smoking, social status, topography
Links
Book Title
Database
Embase; MEDLINE
Publisher
Data Source
Embase
Authors
Shihadeh,A., Azar,S., Antonios,C., Haddad,A.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
|
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