WTS database

Title Sort descending	Pub Year	Author	SearchLink
Risk factors associated with Intrauterine Growth Retardation (IUGR) in Bandar Abbas	2007	Aghamolaei, T., Department of Health Services, School of Public Health, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbad, Iran	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of Medical Sciences Periodical, Abbrev. J.Med.Sci.(Pakistan) Pub Date Free Form 2007/05 Volume 7 Issue 4 Start Page 665 Other Pages 669 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1682-4474; 1812-5727 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Children who are born with Intrauterine Growth Retardation (IUGR) have higher rates of seizures, sepsis, respiratory failure and neonatal mortality. The aim of this study was to determine risk factors associated with IUGR. This was a case-control study that carried out in Shariati Hospital of Bandar Abbas. Sixty IUGR and 60 normal birth weight infants were selected in the delivery room. The first normal birth weight baby born, after an IUGR baby, was taken as a control. A structured questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic data, maternal data including past obstetric history, current pregnancy and delivery data, as well as data about the newborns. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 13 software. Risk factors associated with IUGR in this study were maternal work (OR = 10.2, CI 95% = 1.2-87.3), to have hypertension (OR = 7.4, CI 95% = 1.5-36.9), to use hookah during pregnancy (OR 3.5, CI 95% = 1.1-12.6) and not to use antenatal care (OR = 3.9, CI 95% = 1.2-13.7). Screening women for known risk factors of IUGR, counseling, health education about risks of IUGR and the ways of prevention is necessary to reduce the rate of it. Descriptors anamnesis, article, controlled study, delivery, demography, employment status, female, health education, hospital based case control study, human, infant, intrauterine growth retardation, major clinical study, male, maternal hypertension, obstetrics, patient counseling, pregnancy, prenatal care, risk assessment, risk reduction, screening test, socioeconomics, structured questionnaire Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Aghamolaei,T., Eftekhar,H., Zare,S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Risk factors for asthma and allergic diseases in school children across Lebanon	2008	Balamand University, Beirut, Lebanon;	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of asthma and allergy Periodical, Abbrev. J.Asthma Allergy Pub Date Free Form 11-Nov Volume 2 Issue Start Page 1 Other Pages 7 Notes LR: 20130529; JID: 101543450; OID: NLM: PMC3048605; OTO: NOTNLM; 2008/11/11 [epublish]; epublish Place of Publication New Zealand ISSN/ISBN 1178-6965; 1178-6965 Accession Number PMID: 21437138 Language eng SubFile Journal Article DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 21437138 Abstract INTRODUCTION: Childhood asthma is one of important diseases of childhood. There is no known prevalence of asthma and allergic diseases in Lebanon. This study was conducted with a secondary objective of finding the odds of exposure to asthma, allergic rhinitis and eczema potential risk factors in Lebanese children. MATERIAL AND METHODS: It is a cross-sectional study on children in public and private schools. A sample of 22 schools participated, where standardized written core questionnaires were distributed. 5-12 year old students completed the questionnaires at home, while 13-14 year old students filled it in class. RESULTS: 5522 children were evaluated for asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic eczema prevalence and their associated factors. These diseases seem to be similarly affected by parental respiratory problems, parental smoking, infancy gastroesophageal reflux, recurrent otitis, and previous pertussis. Humidity on the bedroom walls is associated with both asthma and allergic rhinitis, a spongy pillow with both allergic rhinitis and eczema, animal possession with asthma, and noncotton mattress with atopic eczema. The adjusted odds ratios for significant associations varied between 1.25 and 3 (0.0001 < p-value < 0.01). CONCLUSION: These factors are preventable, thus permitting a possible reduction of the prevalence of these diseases. Descriptors allergic disease, asthma, eczema, rhinitis, risk factors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Waked,M., Salameh,P. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20081111 PMCID PMC3048605 Editors
Risk factors for Barrett's esophagus compared between African Americans and non-Hispanic Whites	2014	Houston VA HSR&D Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety, Houston, Texas, USA.; Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.; Houston VA HSR&D Center for Innovations in Quality, Effective	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The American Journal of Gastroenterology Periodical, Abbrev. Am.J.Gastroenterol. Pub Date Free Form Dec Volume 109 Issue 12 Start Page 1870 Other Pages 1880 Notes GR: DK58338/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States; GR: NCI R01 116845/PHS HHS/United States; GR: NIDDK K24-04-107/PHS HHS/United States; JID: 0421030; 0 (Proton Pump Inhibitors); 2014/07/01 [received]; 2014/10/06 [accepted]; 2014/11/25 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1572-0241; 0002-9270 Accession Number PMID: 25420546 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 10.1038/ajg.2014.351 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25420546 Abstract OBJECTIVES: Esophageal adenocarcinoma is more common among non-Hispanic Whites (NHWs) than African Americans (AAs). It is unclear whether its precursor, Barrett's esophagus (BE), is also less common among AAs, and whether differences in risk factor profiles explain the racial disparity. METHODS: Data were from a case-control study among eligible Veterans Affairs patients scheduled for an upper endoscopy, and a sample identified from primary care clinics. Participants completed a questionnaire on sociodemographic and clinical factors and underwent a study esophagogastroduodenoscopy. We calculated race-specific BE prevalence rates and used logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for BE. RESULTS: There were 301 BE cases and 1,651 controls. BE prevalence was significantly higher among NHWs than AAs (21.3 vs. 5.0%; P/=3 cm (OR 4.12; 95% CI, 1.57-10.81) and a history of gastroesophageal reflux disease or PPI use (OR, 3.70; 95% CI, 1.40-9.78), whereas high WHR (OR, 2.82; 95% CI, 1.41-5.63), hiatus hernia >/=3 cm (OR, 4.95; 95% CI, 3.05-8.03), PPI use (OR, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.33-2.66), and H. pylori (OR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.41-0.99) were statistically significantly associated with BE risk for NHWs. Among all cases and controls, race was a risk factor for BE, independent of other BE risk factors (OR for AAs, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.17-0.38). CONCLUSIONS: Among veterans, the prevalence of BE was lower in AAs compared with NHWs. This disparity was not accounted for by differences in risk estimates or prevalence of risk factors between NHWs and AAs. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Nguyen,T.H., Thrift,A.P., Ramsey,D., Green,L., Shaib,Y.H., Graham,D.Y., El-Serag,H.B. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20141125 PMCID Editors
Risk factors for Barrett's esophagus among patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease: a community clinic-based case-control study	2009	Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Epidemiology Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The American Journal of Gastroenterology Periodical, Abbrev. Am.J.Gastroenterol. Pub Date Free Form Apr Volume 104 Issue 4 Start Page 834 Other Pages 842 Notes LR: 20141210; GR: K05 CA124911/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: K05 CA124911/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: K05 CA124911-02/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 CA072866/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 CA072866-04/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1572-0241; 0002-9270 Accession Number PMID: 19319131 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 10.1038/ajg.2009.137 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19319131 Abstract OBJECTIVES: Our aim was to measure the relative risks of Barrett's esophagus (BE) associated with demographic factors, measures of adiposity, and smoking among patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). METHODS: Patients newly diagnosed with specialized intestinal metaplasia (SIM) (n=197) were compared with patients with GERD (n=418) in a community clinic-based case-control study. Case subgroups included those with any visible columnar epithelium (VBE) (n=97), and those with a long segment (>or=2 cm) of columnar epithelium (LSBE) (n=54). RESULTS: Risks increased with older age (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) per decade for SIM=1.3, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.1-1.5; VBE aOR=1.4, CI=1.1-1.6; LSBE aOR=1.5, CI=1.2-1.9), male gender (SIM aOR=1.5, CI=1.1-2.2; VBE aOR=2.7, CI=1.6-4.5; LSBE aOR=3.9, CI=1.9-8.1), and possibly Asian race. Increased risk of BE was observed with high waist-to-hip ratio (WHR, male high: >or=0.9, female high: >or=0.8) (SIM aOR=1.3, CI=0.9-2.1; VBE aOR=1.9, CI=1.0-3.5; LSBE aOR=4.1, CI=1.5-11.4). These associations were independent of body mass index (BMI) for the VBE and LSBE case groups but not for SIM, which was the only case group in which BMI was a significant risk factor. Ever having smoked cigarettes increased risk similarly for all case groups (SIM aOR=1.8, CI=1.2-2.6; VBE aOR=1.6, CI=1.0-2.6; LSBE aOR=2.6, CI=1.3-4.9), although a dose-response relationship was not detected for duration or intensity of smoking. CONCLUSIONS: Older age, male gender, and history of smoking increased risk of SIM and BE among GERD patients independent of other risk factors for BE. Central adiposity was most strongly related to risk of VBE and LSBE. These results may be useful in the development of risk profiles for screening GERD patients. Descriptors Adult, Age Distribution, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Barrett Esophagus/epidemiology/etiology/pathology, Body Mass Index, Confidence Intervals, Female, Gastroesophageal Reflux/complications/epidemiology/pathology, Humans, Intestinal Mucosa/pathology, Male, Middle Aged, Odds Ratio, Precancerous Conditions, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Sex Distribution, Smoking/adverse effects/epidemiology, Washington/epidemiology, Young Adult Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Edelstein,Z. R., Bronner,M. P., Rosen,S. N., Vaughan,T. L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20090324 PMCID PMC2714477 Editors
Risk factors for childhood asthma and wheezing. Importance of maternal and household smoking	1996	Department of Community Health, University of Cape Town, South Africa.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Am.J.Respir.Crit.Care Med. Pub Date Free Form Sep Volume 154 Issue 3 Pt 1 Start Page 681 Other Pages 688 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 9421642; 0 (Sodium Chloride, Dietary); 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); AYI8EX34EU (Creatinine); K5161X06LL (Cotinine); ppublish Place of Publication UNITED STATES ISSN/ISBN 1073-449X; 1073-449X Accession Number PMID: 8810605 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; AIM; IM DOI 10.1164/ajrccm.154.3.8810605 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 8810605 Abstract To identify modifiable risk factors for wheezing illness in childhood, the associations between current asthma or wheezing and factors such as household smoking, damp and dietary salt preference were measured in a questionnaire-based prevalence study of schoolchildren 7 to 9 yr of age in Cape Town. In a random sample of 15 schools, questionnaires were completed by parents of 1,955 children, from which 368 cases and 294 controls were selected on the basis of reported asthma diagnosis or symptoms. Urinary cotinine concentrations were measured, and the parents were interviewed. An exposure-response relationship between the urinary cotinine creatinine ratio and asthma/wheeze was observed. In multivariate analysis, predictors of asthma/wheeze were hay fever (odds ratio [OR] - 5.30; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.16 to 8.89), eczema (OR = 2.19; 95% CI = 1.33-3.62), parental asthma (OR = 1.77; 95% CI = 1.11 to 2.84), absence of paternal contribution to income (OR = 1.72; 95% CI = 1.17 to 2.54), maternal smoking in pregnancy (OR = 1.87; 95% CI = 1.25 to 2.81), and each additional household smoker (OR = 1.15; 95% CI = 1.01 to 1.30). Findings were similar, with higher odds ratios for most variables, except number of household smokers, when the group was restricted to children with parent-reported asthma. The findings confirm that household smoking is an important modifiable risk factor in asthma/wheeze among young schoolchildren, and they suggest that maternal smoking in pregnancy and current household exposure are independent contributors to this effect. Descriptors Asthma/epidemiology/etiology/genetics, Child, Cotinine/urine, Creatinine/urine, Female, Humans, Male, Multivariate Analysis, Pregnancy, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Prevalence, Random Allocation, Respiratory Sounds/etiology, Risk Factors, Sampling Studies, Smoking/epidemiology, Socioeconomic Factors, Sodium Chloride, Dietary/adverse effects, South Africa/epidemiology, Surveys and Questionnaires, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/adverse effects Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Ehrlich,R. I., Du Toit,D., Jordaan,E., Zwarenstein,M., Potter,P., Volmink,J. A., Weinberg,E. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Risk factors for chronic bronchitis among women in Shahrekord, Iran	2002		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tanaffos Periodical, Abbrev. Pub Date Free Form Volume 1 Issue 3 Start Page 19 Other Pages 23 Notes ID: 69343 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language english SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Chronic bronchitis is expected to be less prevalent among Iranian women, since smoking is uncommon among them, however, recent reports disagreed this claim. Traditional baking and cooking with biomass fuel wood fuel being the most commonly used] is still common in our villages and small towns. These seem to be contributive factors for high prevalence rate of chronic bronchitis among women. We conducted a case-control study to identify the possible risk of indoor smoke and biomass combustion. We compared 100 chronic bronchitis cases with 100 age-matched controls. The odds ratio OR] was used as the basic statistic to evaluate risk. Chronic bronchitis was associated with cigarette smoking OR=6.10; p=0.009], water-pipe smoking OR=4.41; p=0.014], household baking OR=4.90; p=0.002], using wood for baking OR=3.04; p=0.000], using wood for space heating OR=2.36; p=0.009], using wood for cooking OR=7.17; p= 0.000], and using kerosene fuel for cooking OR= 4.63; p=0.000]. Results have revealed that among women in Chahar- Mahal- Bakhtiari, wood and other biomass fuels used for cooking, baking and heating are associated with chronic bronchitis. Changing to safer alternative fuels for cooking and heating would ameliorate the impacts of chronic bronchitis Descriptors Humans, Female, ABO Blood-Group System - 45 YEARS, Absorption - 64 YEARS, OVER 64 YEARS, Bronchitis/epidemiology, Risk Factors, Chronic Disease, Bronchitis/etiology, Women Links http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/emro-69343 Book Title Database GHL; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Amra,Babak, Gholshan,Mohammad, Shirian,Rasool Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Risk factors for e-cigarette, conventional cigarette, and dual use in German adolescents: a cohort study	2015	Institute for Therapy and Health Research, IFT-Nord, Kiel, Germany; University Medical Center, Kiel, Germany. Electronic address: hanewinkel@ift-nord.de.; Institute for Therapy and Health Research, IFT-Nord, Kiel, Germany.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Preventive medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Prev.Med. Pub Date Free Form May Volume 74 Issue Start Page 59 Other Pages 62 Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2015; ISRCTN/ISRCTN99442407; JID: 0322116; OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/11/15 [received]; 2015/02/23 [revised]; 2015/03/07 [accepted]; 2015/03/12 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1096-0260; 0091-7435 Accession Number PMID: 25770433 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.03.006 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25770433 Abstract OBJECTIVE: Little is known about risk factors that are associated with e-cigarette use in adolescents. METHODS: Multilevel mixed-effects regressions were performed to assess the relationship between factors that might be associated with e-cigarette, conventional cigarette and dual use in a cohort of 2693 German adolescents (mean age=12.5 years; SD=0.6). Risk factors were assessed in October 2010 and life time e-cigarette and conventional cigarette use were assessed 26 months later. RESULTS: Use of e-cigarettes as well as use of conventional cigarette and dual use were associated with higher sensation seeking scores, and higher odds of having friends and parents who smoke conventional cigarettes, with conventional cigarette use additionally with male gender, being older, having higher odds of siblings who smoke conventional cigarettes, and less likely for adolescents who attend a Gymnasium, secondary school with a strong emphasis on academic learning. The use of conventional cigarettes at baseline did not predict e-cigarette use at follow-up. Lifetime prevalence of e-cigarette use was 4.7%, of conventional cigarette use 18.4%. A quarter of e-cigarette users (23.8%) never smoked a conventional cigarette. DISCUSSION: Data indicate that e-cigarette and conventional cigarette use share many but not all risk factors. E-cigarettes could counteract the process of denormalization of smoking. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier Inc Data Source Authors Hanewinkel,R., Isensee,B. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150312 PMCID Editors
Risk factors for exclusive e-cigarette use and dual e-cigarette use and tobacco use in adolescents	2015	University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii; Twills@cc.hawaii.edu.; University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii;; University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii; and.; University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii;; Norris Cotton	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Pediatrics Periodical, Abbrev. Pediatrics Pub Date Free Form Jan Volume 135 Issue 1 Start Page e43 Other Pages 51 Notes LR: 20160128; CI: Copyright (c) 2015; GR: P30 CA023108/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: P30 CA071789/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 CA153154/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: U54 MD007584/MD/NIMHD NIH HHS/United States; JID: 0376422; OID: NLM: PMC Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1098-4275; 0031-4005 Accession Number PMID: 25511118 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; AIM; IM DOI 10.1542/peds.2014-0760 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25511118 Abstract OBJECTIVE: To describe electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use and cigarette use among adolescents and determine whether established risk factors for smoking discriminate user categories. METHODS: School-based survey of 1941 high school students (mean age 14.6 years) in Hawaii; data collected in 2013. The survey assessed e-cigarette use and cigarette use, alcohol and marijuana use, and psychosocial risk and protective variables (eg, parental support, academic involvement, smoking expectancies, peer smoking, sensation seeking). Analysis of variance and multinomial regression examined variation in risk and protective variables across the following categories of ever-use: e-cigarette only, cigarette only, dual use (use of both products), and nonuser (never used either product). RESULTS: Prevalence for the categories was 17% (e-cigarettes only), 12% (dual use), 3% (cigarettes only), and 68% (nonusers). Dual users and cigarette-only users were highest on risk status (elevated on risk factors and lower on protective factors) compared with other groups. E-cigarette only users were higher on risk status than nonusers but lower than dual users. E-cigarette only users and dual users more often perceived e-cigarettes as healthier than cigarettes compared with nonusers. CONCLUSIONS: This study reports a US adolescent sample with one of the largest prevalence rates of e-cigarette only use in the existing literature. Dual use also had a substantial prevalence. The fact that e-cigarette only users were intermediate in risk status between nonusers and dual users raises the possibility that e-cigarettes are recruiting medium-risk adolescents, who otherwise would be less susceptible to tobacco product use. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher by the American Academy of Pediatrics Data Source Authors Wills,T.A., Knight,R., Williams,R.J., Pagano,I., Sargent,J.D. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20141215 PMCID PMC4279062 Editors
Risk factors for hookah smoking among arabs and chaldeans	2014		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full J Immigr Minor Health Periodical, Abbrev. Pub Date Free Form Volume 16 Issue 3 Start Page 501 Other Pages 7 Notes ID: 23579963 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Hookah smoking is more prevalent among individuals of Middle Eastern descent. This study examined general and ethnic-specific risk factors for hookah smoking among Arabs and Chaldeans. A self-administered anonymous questionnaire was conducted among 801 adults residing in Southeast Michigan. Binary logistic regression modeling was used to predict risk factors for hookah smoking. Hookah smoking was significantly more prevalent among Arabs (32%) than Chaldeans (26%, p Descriptors Links http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10903-013-9772-1 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Jamil,Hikmet, Geeso,Sanabil G., Arnetz,Bengt B., Arnetz,Judith E. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Risk factors for increased BTEX exposure in four Australian cities	2007	Centre for Ecosystem Management, School of Natural Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 100 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, Western Australia 6027, Australia. a.hinwood@ecu.edu.au	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Chemosphere Periodical, Abbrev. Chemosphere Pub Date Free Form Jan Volume 66 Issue 3 Start Page 533 Other Pages 541 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 0320657; 0 (Benzene Derivatives); 0 (Organic Chemicals); 0 (Xylenes); 3FPU23BG52 (Toluene); J64922108F (Benzene); L5I45M5G0O (ethylbenzene); 2006/02/23 [received]; 2006/05/12 [revised]; 2006/05/21 [accepted]; 2006/07/11 [aheadofprint]; Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 0045-6535; 0045-6535 Accession Number PMID: 16837022 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI S0045-6535(06)00711-9 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 16837022 Abstract Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX) are common volatile organic compounds (VOCs) found in urban airsheds. Elevated levels of VOCs have been reported in many airsheds at many locations, particularly those associated with industrial activity, wood heater use and heavy traffic. Exposure to some VOCs has been associated with health risks. There have been limited investigations into community exposures to BTEX using personal monitoring to elucidate the concentrations to which members of the community may be exposed and the main contributors to that exposure. In this cross sectional study we investigated BTEX exposure of 204 non-smoking, non-occupationally exposed people from four Australian cities. Each participant wore a passive BTEX sampler over 24h on five consecutive days in both winter and summer and completed an exposure source questionnaire for each season and a diary for each day of monitoring. The geometric mean (GM) and range of daily BTEX concentrations recorded for the study population were benzene 0.80 (0.04-23.8 ppb); toluene 2.83 (0.03-2120 ppb); ethylbenzene 0.49 (0.03-119 ppb); and xylenes 2.36 (0.04-697 ppb). A generalised linear model was used to investigate significant risk factors for increased BTEX exposure. Activities and locations found to increase personal exposure included vehicle repair and machinery use, refuelling of motor vehicles, being in an enclosed car park and time spent undertaking arts and crafts. A highly significant difference was found between the mean exposures in each of the four cities, which may be explained by differences in fuel composition, differences in the mix and density of industry, density of motor vehicles and air pollution meteorology. Descriptors Adult, Aged, Australia, Benzene/analysis, Benzene Derivatives/analysis, Cities, Environmental Exposure/analysis/statistics & numerical data, Environmental Monitoring/methods, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Organic Chemicals/analysis, Risk Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, Time Factors, Toluene/analysis, Volatilization, Xylenes/analysis Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Hinwood,A. L., Rodriguez,C., Runnion,T., Farrar,D., Murray,F., Horton,A., Glass,D., Sheppeard,V., Edwards,J. W., Denison,L., Whitworth,T., Eiser,C., Bulsara,M., Gillett,R. W., Powell,J., Lawson,S., Weeks,I., Galbally,I. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20060711 PMCID Editors

E-mail