WTS database

Title	Pub Year Sort descending	Author	SearchLink
Isotopic evidence for divergent diets and mobility patterns in the Atacama Desert, northern Chile, during the Late Intermediate Period (AD 900-1450)	2015	Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QY, UK.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full American Journal of Physical Anthropology Periodical, Abbrev. Am.J.Phys.Anthropol. Pub Date Free Form Mar Volume 156 Issue 3 Start Page 374 Other Pages 387 Notes CI: (c) 2014; JID: 0400654; 0 (Carbon Isotopes); 0 (Nitrogen Isotopes); 9007-34-5 (Collagen); OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/05/08 [received]; 2014/10/27 [accepted]; 2014/11/11 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1096-8644; 0002-9483 Accession Number PMID: 25385676 Language eng SubFile Historical Article; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1002/ajpa.22663 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25385676 Abstract The decline of the Tiwanaku state saw the emergence of two new cultures-Pica-Tarapaca and Atacama-during the Late Intermediate Period in northern Chile. Archeological evidence suggests that both groups practised maize agriculture and pastoralism, but that their interaction zones differed significantly. Marine resources are common at Pica-Tarapaca sites, even those far from coast, while Atacama sites in the desert oases and precordilleran area seem to have directed their networks towards the highlands. Here we apply stable carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen isotope analysis on human bone and enamel to test dietary patterns and residential mobility at two sites, Pica 8 and Quitor 6, representing the Pica-Tarapaca and Atacama cultures, respectively. Our results show that diet at the two sites indeed differed: significant but variable consumption of marine resources and maize is indicated at Pica 8, despite being an inland site, while diet at Quitor 6 was based mainly on terrestrial resources. The use of seabird guano and llama dung as fertilizers and extreme aridity may have contributed to the high nitrogen isotope values observed in Pica 8 humans. The delta(18) O values in Pica 8 individuals are generally lower than for Quitor in spite of its greater distance from the Andes. All three isotopes suggest the presence of at least five nonlocals in the 30 measured at Pica 8. This evidence for human mobility is consistent with the high levels of trade and interaction observed in the archeological record, and begins to quantify the degree of movement of specific individuals. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Wiley Periodicals, Inc Data Source Authors Santana-Sagredo,F., Lee-Thorp,J.A., Schulting,R., Uribe,M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20141111 PMCID Editors
Perceptions of plain packaging among young adult roll-your-own smokers in France: a naturalistic approach	2015	EHESP School of Public Health, EA MOS (Equipe d'Accueil en Management des Organisations de Sante), Rennes Cx, France.; Centre for Tobacco Control Research, University of Stirling, Scotland, UK.; French National Committee Against Tobacco (CNCT), Paris, Fra	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tobacco control Periodical, Abbrev. Tob.Control Pub Date Free Form Mar Volume 24 Issue e1 Start Page e39 Other Pages 44 Notes LR: 20151119; CI: Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.; JID: 9209612; OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/06/11 [aheadofprint]; Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1468-3318; 0964-4563 Accession Number PMID: 24920573 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2013-051513 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24920573 Abstract BACKGROUND: We explored, for the first time, young adult roll-your-own smokers' response to using plain packaging in real-world settings. METHODS: Naturalistic research was employed, where 133 French young adult smokers (18-25 years of age) used plain roll-your-own packs for 10 days; the plain packs they were provided with contained their usual brand of rolling tobacco and displayed the name of their usual brand. Participants were recruited in five cities in France (Paris, Marseille, Metz, Nantes, Toulouse) and completed two questionnaires to measure their response to their own branded packs and the plain packs. Both questionnaires assessed pack perceptions, brand attachment, product perceptions (eg, taste, quality, natural), feelings about smoking (satisfying, pleasurable), feelings when using the pack in front of others (embarrassment, image), warning response (credibility, awareness of risks) and smoking-related behaviour (eg, consumption, quitting). RESULTS: Compared to their own fully branded packs, plain packs were associated with less positive pack and product perceptions, lower brand attachment and less positive feelings about smoking and feelings when using the pack in front of others. Participants were also more likely to report feeling like reducing consumption and quitting when using the plain packs, and more likely to feel like missing out on rolling a cigarette. No significant differences between the two pack types (plain and branded) were found in terms of credibility of warnings and perceptions of level of tar. CONCLUSIONS: The study suggests that the impacts of plain packaging for roll-your-own cigarette smokers are the same as for smokers of factory-made cigarettes. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Gallopel-Morvan,K., Moodie,C., Eker,F., Beguinot,E., Martinet,Y. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20140611 PMCID Editors
Perceptions and acceptability of pictorial health warning labels vs text only--a cross-sectional study in Lao PDR	2015	University of Health Sciences, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies, Vientiane, Lao PDR. vsychareun@gmail.com.; Faculty of Postgraduate Studies and Research University of Sciences Vientiane, P.O. Box 744, Vientiane, Lao PDR. vsychareun@gmail.com.; University o	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full BMC public health Periodical, Abbrev. BMC Public Health Pub Date Free Form 28-Oct Volume 15 Issue Start Page 1094 Other Pages 015-2415-9 Notes LR: 20151031; JID: 100968562; OID: NLM: PMC4625568; 2015/05/14 [received]; 2015/10/12 [accepted]; 2015/10/28 [aheadofprint]; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1471-2458; 1471-2458 Accession Number PMID: 26510415 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1186/s12889-015-2415-9 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26510415 Abstract BACKGROUND: In Lao PDR, health warnings were first introduced with printed warning messages on the side of the cigarette package in 1993 and again in 2004. Lao PDR same year ratified the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) but has not yet implemented pictorial health warnings. This paper aims to examine the perception and opinion of policymakers on "text-only" and "pictorial" health warnings and to understand lay people's perceptions on current health warnings and their opinions on the recommended types of health warnings. METHODS: A combination of quantitative and qualitative methods were used in this cross-sectional study conducted in 2008. A purposive sample of 15 policymakers, and a representative sample of 1360 smokers and non-smokers were recruited. A range of different areas were covered including consumer attitudes towards current and proposed cigarette package design, views on health warning messages on the flip/slide and inserts, and views on the relative importance of the size, content and pictures of health warning messages. Descriptive statistics and content analysis were used. RESULTS: Policy makers and survey respondents said that the current health warning messages were inappropriate, ineffective, and too small in size. All respondents perceived pictorial health warnings as a potentially powerful element that could be added to the messages that can communicate quickly, and dramatically. The majority of policymakers and survey respondents strongly supported the implementation of pictorial health warnings. The non-smokers agreed that the graphic pictorial health warnings were generally more likely than written health warnings to stimulate thinking about the health risks of smoking, by conveying potential health effects, increasing and reinforcing awareness of the negative health effect of smoking, aiding memorability of the health effects and arousing fear of smoking among smokers. CONCLUSIONS: The study suggested that current warnings are too small and that content is inadequate and designed to be hidden on the side pack. These findings are in line with FCTC's requirements and provide strong support for introducing pictorial warning labels also in Lao PDR. Furthermore, the awareness of Members of Parliament about tobacco control measures holds promise at the highest political level. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Sychareun,V., Hansana,V., Phengsavanh,A., Chaleunvong,K., Tomson,T. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20151028 PMCID PMC4625568 Editors
Patent foramen ovale influences the presentation of decompression illness in SCUBA divers	2015	Eastern Heart Clinic, Prince of Wales Hospital, Barker Street, Randwick, 2031, Australia. Electronic address: k_liou@hotmail.com.; Australian Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine Research Group, Prince of Wales Hospital, Barker Street, Randwick, 2031, Australia	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Heart, lung & circulation Periodical, Abbrev. Heart Lung Circ. Pub Date Free Form Jan Volume 24 Issue 1 Start Page 26 Other Pages 31 Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2014; JID: 100963739; OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/04/22 [received]; 2014/07/02 [revised]; 2014/07/07 [accepted]; 2014/07/17 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Australia ISSN/ISBN 1444-2892; 1443-9506 Accession Number PMID: 25130890 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1016/j.hlc.2014.07.057 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25130890 Abstract BACKGROUND: Few have examined the influence of patent foramen ovale (PFO) on the phenotype of decompression illness (DCI) in affected divers. METHODOLOGY: A retrospective review of our database was performed for 75 SCUBA divers over a 10-year period. RESULTS: Overall 4,945 bubble studies were performed at our institution during the study period. Divers with DCI were more likely to have positive bubble studies than other indications (p Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Australian and New Zealand Society of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgeons (ANZSCTS) and the Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand (CSANZ). Published by Elsevier B.V Data Source Authors Liou,K., Wolfers,D., Turner,R., Bennett,M., Allan,R., Jepson,N., Cranney,G. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20140717 PMCID Editors
Quantifying the Short-Term Costs of Conservation Interventions for Fishers at Lake Alaotra, Madagascar	2015	Department of Life Sciences, Silwood Park Campus, Imperial College London, Ascot, SL5 7PY, United Kingdom; Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, Ascot, SL5 7PY, United Kingdom.; Department of Life Sciences, Silwood Park Campus, Imperia	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full PloS one Periodical, Abbrev. PLoS One Pub Date Free Form 24-Jun Volume 10 Issue 6 Start Page e0129440 Other Pages Notes LR: 20150630; JID: 101285081; OID: NLM: PMC4481106; 2015 [ecollection]; 2014/07/13 [received]; 2015/05/06 [accepted]; 2015/06/24 [epublish]; epublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1932-6203; 1932-6203 Accession Number PMID: 26107284 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0129440 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26107284 Abstract Artisanal fisheries are a key source of food and income for millions of people, but if poorly managed, fishing can have declining returns as well as impacts on biodiversity. Management interventions such as spatial and temporal closures can improve fishery sustainability and reduce environmental degradation, but may carry substantial short-term costs for fishers. The Lake Alaotra wetland in Madagascar supports a commercially important artisanal fishery and provides habitat for a Critically Endangered primate and other endemic wildlife of conservation importance. Using detailed data from more than 1,600 fisher catches, we used linear mixed effects models to explore and quantify relationships between catch weight, effort, and spatial and temporal restrictions to identify drivers of fisher behaviour and quantify the potential effect of fishing restrictions on catch. We found that restricted area interventions and fishery closures would generate direct short-term costs through reduced catch and income, and these costs vary between groups of fishers using different gear. Our results show that conservation interventions can have uneven impacts on local people with different fishing strategies. This information can be used to formulate management strategies that minimise the adverse impacts of interventions, increase local support and compliance, and therefore maximise conservation effectiveness. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Wallace,A.P., Milner-Gulland,E.J., Jones,J.P., Bunnefeld,N., Young,R., Nicholson,E. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150624 PMCID PMC4481106 Editors
Cross-section survey on smoking behavior and cognition in Chongqing, 2014	2015	Chongqing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing 400042, China.; Chongqing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing 400042, China; Email: xianbinding@126.com.; Chongqing Municipal Center for Disease Control an	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Zhonghua liu xing bing xue za zhi = Zhonghua liuxingbingxue zazhi Periodical, Abbrev. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi Pub Date Free Form Nov Volume 36 Issue 11 Start Page 1236 Other Pages 1243 Notes JID: 8208604; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); ppublish Place of Publication China ISSN/ISBN 0254-6450; 0254-6450 Accession Number PMID: 26850243 Language chi SubFile English Abstract; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26850243 Abstract OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of smoking, smoking cessation, passive smoking and awareness of the dangers of tobacco in population in Chongqing and provide evidence for developing prevention and control measures. METHODS: A total of 5 400 residents aged >/=18 years were selected from 9 districts/counties in Chongqing through stratified multi-stage cluster sampling and face-to-face interviews were conducted among them. Indicators as current smoking rates, smoking cessation rates and passive smoking rates were calculated by the weight of age proportions from 2010 population census. The analytical method was based on complex sampling design. RESULTS: The current smoking rate of the residents aged >/=18 years was 27.4% (male: 53.5% and female: 1.1%), which was highest in age group 40-50 years (58.4%) for males. The current smoking rate among rural residents was higher than that in urban residents. The prevalence of daily cigarette smoking was 27.5%, which was significantly higher in southeastern Chongqing. The rate of passive smoking was 52.4%. Among daily smokers, the mean number of cigarettes smoked was 17.5 per day (men: 17.6 per day; women: 13.5 per day). The daily smoked cigarette number in males was higher in age group 40-50 years (20.1 per day) and those with junior middle school education level (18.9 per day). The proportion of the current smokers who smoked more than 20 cigarettes per day (the rate of heavy smoker) was higher in males than in females and in rural residents than in urban residents. The proportion of heavy smokers was 59.3%, which was highest in age group 40-50 years (66.8%), followed by those with junior middle school educational level (65.2%). The average age of smokers when they stared to smoke was 20.8 years old, which was low in males and rural residents. About 80.2% of the smokers stared to smoke under 25 years old, and 70.3% of the smokers stared to smoke between 15 and 25 years old. The overall rate of smoking cessation was 20.1% and the successful smoking cessation rate was 13.7%. The two rates increased with age, the successful smoking cessation rate was lowest in age group 18-40 years (4.8%). The awareness of the tobacco risk related knowledge seemed poor among the residents, only 19.6% of the residents were aware that smoking could cause serious diseases (stoke, heart disease and lung cancer). 21.9% of the residents were aware that passive smoking could cause serious diseases (heart disease, lung disease and lung cancer). CONCLUSION: Current prevalence of smoking in males in Chongqing remains at a high level, indicating that the publicity programs on the tobacco risk related knowledge needs to be strengthened and the tobacco control needs more efforts. The tobacco control in Chongqing is still facing serious challenge. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Shen,Z., Ding,X., Mao,D., Zhang,C., Lyu,X., Jiao,Y., Qi,L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Postpartum contraceptive use and unmet need for family planning in five low-income countries	2015		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Reproductive health Periodical, Abbrev. Reprod.Health. Pub Date Free Form Volume 12 Suppl 2 Issue Start Page S11 Other Pages 4755-12-S2-S11. Epub 2015 Jun 8 Notes LR: 20160218; ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT01073475; GR: U01 HD040477/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States; GR: U01 HD040607/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States; GR: U01HD040636/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States; GR: U10 HD076457/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States; GR: U10 HD0764 Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1742-4755; 1742-4755 Accession Number PMID: 26063346 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Multicenter Study; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 10.1186/1742-4755-12-S2-S11 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26063346 Abstract BACKGROUND: During the post-partum period, most women wish to delay or prevent future pregnancies. Despite this, the unmet need for family planning up to a year after delivery is higher than at any other time. This study aims to assess fertility intention, contraceptive usage and unmet need for family planning amongst women who are six weeks postpartum, as well as to identify those at greatest risk of having an unmet need for family planning during this period. METHODS: Using the NICHD Global Network for Women's and Children's Health Research's multi-site, prospective, ongoing, active surveillance system to track pregnancies and births in 100 rural geographic clusters in 5 countries (India, Pakistan, Zambia, Kenya and Guatemala), we assessed fertility intention and contraceptive usage at day 42 post-partum. RESULTS: We gathered data on 36,687 women in the post-partum period. Less than 5% of these women wished to have another pregnancy within the year. Despite this, rates of modern contraceptive usage varied widely and unmet need ranged from 25% to 96%. Even amongst users of modern contraceptives, the uptake of the most effective long-acting reversible contraceptives (intrauterine devices) was low. Women of age less than 20 years, parity of two or less, limited education and those who deliver at home were at highest risk for having unmet need. CONCLUSIONS: Six weeks postpartum, almost all women wish to delay or prevent a future pregnancy. Even in sites where early contraceptive adoption is common, there is substantial unmet need for family planning. This is consistently highest amongst women below the age of 20 years. Interventions aimed at increasing the adoption of effective contraceptive methods are urgently needed in the majority of sites in order to reduce unmet need and to improve both maternal and infant outcomes, especially amongst young women. STUDY REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov (ID# NCT01073475). Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Pasha,O., Goudar,S.S., Patel,A., Garces,A., Esamai,F., Chomba,E., Moore,J.L., Kodkany,B.S., Saleem,S., Derman,R.J., Liechty,E.A., Hibberd,P.L., Hambidge,K., Krebs,N.F., Carlo,W.A., McClure,E.M., Koso-Thomas,M., Goldenberg,R.L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150608 PMCID PMC4464604 Editors
Disparities in the Population Distribution of African American and Non-Hispanic White Smokers Along the Quitting Continuum	2015	Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, CA, USA dennis.trinidad@cgu.edu.; Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, CA, USA.; University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA.; California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, CA, USA.; Californi	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Health education & behavior : the official publication of the Society for Public Health Education Periodical, Abbrev. Health Educ.Behav. Pub Date Free Form Dec Volume 42 Issue 6 Start Page 742 Other Pages 751 Notes CI: (c) 2015; GR: 1R03CA150559/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9704962; OTO: NOTNLM; 2015/03/20 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1552-6127; 1090-1981 Accession Number PMID: 25794519 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1177/1090198115577376 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25794519 Abstract PURPOSE: To examine disparities and changes over time in the population-level distribution of smokers along a cigarette quitting continuum among African American smokers compared with non-Hispanic Whites. METHODS: Secondary data analyses of the 1999, 2002, 2005, and 2008 California Tobacco Surveys (CTS). The CTS are large, random-digit-dialed, population-based surveys designed to assess changes in tobacco use in California. The number of survey respondents ranged from n = 6,744 to n = 12,876 across CTS years. Current smoking behavior (daily or nondaily smoking), number of cigarettes smoked per day, intention to quit in the next 6 months, length of most recent quit attempt among current smokers, and total length of time quit among former smokers were assessed and used to recreate the quitting continuum model. RESULTS: While current smoking rates were significantly higher among African Americans compared with non-Hispanic Whites across all years, cigarette consumption rates were lower among African Americans in all years. There were significant increases in the proportion of former smokers who had been quit for at least 12 months from 1999 (African Americans, 26.8% +/- 5.5%; non-Hispanic Whites, 36.8% +/- 1.6%) to 2008 (African Americans, 43.6% +/- 4.1%; non-Hispanic Whites, 57.4% +/- 2.9%). The proportion of African American former smokers in each CTS year was significantly lower than that of non-Hispanic Whites. CONCLUSIONS: Despite positive progression along the quitting continuum for both African American and non-Hispanic White smokers, the overall distribution was less favorable for African Americans. The lower smoking consumption levels among African Americans, combined with the lower rates of successful smoking cessation, suggest that cigarette addiction and the quitting process may be different for African American smokers. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Society for Public Health Education Data Source Authors Trinidad,D.R., Xie,B., Fagan,P., Pulvers,K., Romero,D.R., Blanco,L., Sakuma,K.L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150320 PMCID Editors
Release of bisphenols from can coatings into canned beer in China market	2015	State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of the science of food and agriculture Periodical, Abbrev. J.Sci.Food Agric. Pub Date Free Form 15-Mar Volume 95 Issue 4 Start Page 764 Other Pages 770 Notes CI: (c) 2014; JID: 0376334; 0 (Benzhydryl Compounds); 0 (Carcinogens); 0 (Epoxy Compounds); 0 (Phenols); F3XRM1NX4H (2,2-bis(4-glycidyloxyphenyl)propane); MLT3645I99 (bisphenol A); OTO: NOTNLM; 2013/09/12 [received]; 2014/06/14 [revised]; 2014/07/20 [acce Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1097-0010; 0022-5142 Accession Number PMID: 25092470 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1002/jsfa.6862 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25092470 Abstract BACKGROUND: The aim of this research was to understand the migration of bisphenols from can coatings into foods in the Chinese market. RESULTS: The migration of bisphenols was studied in commercial cans from the Chinese market filled with four types of food simulant (FS), which were heated at 121 degrees C for 30 min and stored at 40 degrees C for 30 days. Only bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) were found in the can coatings, and SimC (10% (v/v) ethanol/water) was the most suitable FS for their release. The levels of these bisphenols in 24 kinds of canned beer from Chinese markets were also investigated. The average concentrations of BPA and BADGE were 2.85 +/- 0.79 and 0.38 +/- 0.19 microg . L(-)(1) respectively, which were both lower than the EU limits, and their respective daily intakes were estimated at 0.015 and 0.0020 microg . kg(-)(1) body weight . day(-)(1). Besides, increasing storage temperature and time accelerated the release of bisphenols into FSs. CONCLUSION: The present results provide some guidance to reduce the migration of bisphenols during the transport and storage of canned foods. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Society of Chemical Industry Data Source Authors Xie,Y., Bao,Y., Wang,H., Cheng,Y., Qian,H., Yao,W. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20140911 PMCID Editors
Reasons for smoking cessation attempts among Japanese male smokers vary by nicotine dependence level: a cross-sectional study after the 2010 tobacco tax increase	2015	Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full BMJ open Periodical, Abbrev. BMJ Open Pub Date Free Form 20-Mar Volume 5 Issue 3 Start Page e006658 Other Pages 2014-006658 Notes LR: 20160603; CI: Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.; JID: 101552874; 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); OID: NLM: PMC4 Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 2044-6055; 2044-6055 Accession Number PMID: 25795690 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-006658 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25795690 Abstract OBJECTIVES: To examine the association between smoking cessation attempts during the previous 12 months, motivators to quit smoking and nicotine dependence levels among current male smokers after Japan's massive 2010 tobacco tax increase. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: A self-reported questionnaire about smoking habits, nicotine dependence levels and factors identified as motivators to quit smoking was administered to 9378 employees working at a company located in Fukuoka Prefecture in Japan (as of 1 October 2011). PARTICIPANTS: A total of 2251 male current smokers 20-69 years old. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Nicotine dependence level assessed by Fagerstrom Test for Cigarette Dependence (FTCD), smoking cessation attempts during the previous 12 months and motivators for smoking cessation. RESULTS: The proportion of current smokers who had attempted to quit smoking within the previous 12 months was 40.6%. Nicotine dependence level of current smokers was negatively associated with cessation attempts during the previous 12 months. Motivators for smoking cessation differed by nicotine dependence levels. 'The rise in cigarette prices since October 2010' as a smoking cessation motivator increased significantly at the medium nicotine dependence level (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.90); however, this association was not statistically significant for individuals with high nicotine dependence (OR 1.24, 95% CI 0.80 to 1.92). 'Feeling unhealthy' was significantly negatively associated for medium (OR 0.42, 95% CI 0.27 to 0.65) and high (OR 0.31, 95% CI 0.14 to 0.71) nicotine dependence levels. Trend associations assessed by assigning ordinal numbers to total FTCD score for those two motivators were statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: The efficacy of smoking cessation strategies can be improved by considering the target group's nicotine dependence level. For smokers with medium and high nicotine dependence levels, more effective strategies aimed at encouraging smoking cessation, such as policy interventions including increasing tobacco taxes, are needed. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Tanihara,S., Momose,Y. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150320 PMCID PMC4368926 Editors

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