Image
WTS Database
The subject of interest is:
waterpipe, water-pipe, nargile, narghile, arguileh, arguile, shisha, sheesha, chichi, hubble bubble, hubbly bubbly, goza, hookah, bong
| Title Sort ascending | Pub Year | Author | SearchLink |
|---|---|---|---|
| Driving Behaviors in Iran: A Descriptive Study Among Drivers of Mashhad City in 2014 | 2015 | . VakiliV@mums.ac.ir. | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Global journal of health science
Periodical, Abbrev.
Glob.J.Health.Sci.
Pub Date Free Form
26-Mar
Volume
7
Issue
7 Spec No
Start Page
39
Other Pages
45
Notes
LR: 20160428; JID: 101519495; OID: NLM: PMC4804039; 2015/03/26 [received]; 2015/03/26 [accepted]; epublish
Place of Publication
Canada
ISSN/ISBN
1916-9736; 1916-9736
Accession Number
PMID: 26153202
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; IM
DOI
10.5539/gjhs.v7n7p39 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
26153202
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Driver-related behaviors are substantial causes for motor vehicle accidents. It has been estimated that about 95% of all accidents are due to driver-related dangerous behaviors and approximately 60% of accidents are directly caused by driving behaviors. The aim of this study was to assess driving behaviors and its possible related factors among drivers in Mashhad city, Iran. METHOD: In a cross-sectional design, a total number of 514 drivers in Mashhad, Iran Surveyed. Manchester driver behavior questionnaire with 50 questions evaluated dangerous driving behaviors in 4 categories "aggressive violations", "ordinary violations", "errors" and "lapses". RESULTS: In this study, the median age of drivers was 31. Besides, 58.2% of men mentioned having a history of driving accident. Our study indicated smoking and alcohol drinking as risk factors of having more accidents. Hookah abuse is a predictor of aggressive violations and errors. CONCLUSION: This is the first study to assess the relation of personal car and its market value with the likelihood of having accidents. Due to major influences of driving fines, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption and addiction on violations and errors, we recommend pivotal measures to be taken by road safety practitioners regarding driving surveillance.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Mousavi Bazzaz,M., Zarifian,A., Emadzadeh,M., Vakili,V.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20150326
PMCID
PMC4804039
Editors
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| Drinking water pipe biofilm: Present knowledge, concepts and significance | 2004 | Menaia, J., Dept. of Hydraulics and Environment, Natl. Civil Engineering Laboratory, 1700-066 Lisbon, Portugal | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Water Science and Technology: Water Supply
Periodical, Abbrev.
Water Sci.Technol.Water Supply
Pub Date Free Form
2004/
Volume
4
Issue
2
Start Page
115
Other Pages
124
Notes
Place of Publication
ISSN/ISBN
1606-9749
Accession Number
Language
SubFile
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
Abstract
Biofilms invariably colonize drinking water distribution systems with intensities and patterns governed by the habitat's environment. Water temperature and flow dynamics, nutrient availability, disinfectant residual and pipe material determine their development, structure and composition. Drinking water pipe biofilms control microbial regrowth and are a possible source of pathogens. However, these are possibly released at levels that do not generally impart hazards to healthy drinking water consumers. A deeper understanding of drinking water biofilms microbial ecology must be achieved before this issue can be adequately assessed.
Descriptors
drinking water, Acinetobacter, Aeromonas hydrophila, bacterial growth, biofilm, Burkholderia cepacia, Campylobacter, Candida, coliform bacterium, conference paper, Enterobacter, Escherichia coli, health hazard, Helicobacter pylori, hydrodynamics, Klebsiella, Legionella pneumophila, Moraxella, Mycobacterium, Nocardia, nonhuman, nutrient, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus, water quality, water supply, water temperature
Links
Book Title
Database
Embase
Publisher
Data Source
Embase
Authors
Menaia,J., Mesquita,E.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
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| Drinking water contaminants from epoxy resin-coated pipes: A field study | 2016 | Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Kamenice 753/5, Pavillion A29, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic. Electronic address: johanna.rajasarkka@gmail.com.; Masaryk University, Faculty of Scienc | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Water research
Periodical, Abbrev.
Water Res.
Pub Date Free Form
15-Jul
Volume
103
Issue
Start Page
133
Other Pages
140
Notes
LR: 20160722; CI: Copyright (c) 2016; JID: 0105072; OTO: NOTNLM; 2016/05/20 [received]; 2016/06/22 [revised]; 2016/07/11 [accepted]; aheadofprint
Place of Publication
ISSN/ISBN
1879-2448; 0043-1354
Accession Number
PMID: 27448038
Language
ENG
SubFile
JOURNAL ARTICLE
DOI
S0043-1354(16)30531-0 [pii]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
27448038
Abstract
Rehabilitation of aged drinking water pipes is an extensive renovation and increasingly topical in many European cities. Spray-on-lining of drinking water pipes is an alternative cost-effective rehabilitation technology in which the insides of pipes are relined with organic polymer. A commonly used polymer is epoxy resin consisting of monomer bisphenol A (BPA). Leaching of BPA from epoxy lining to drinking water has been a concern among public and authorities. Currently epoxy lining is not recommended in some countries. BPA leaching has been demonstrated in laboratory studies but the behavior and ageing process of epoxy lining in situ is not well known. In this study 6 locations with different age epoxy linings of drinking water pipes done using two distinct technologies were studied. While bisphenol F, 4-n-nonylphenol, and 4-t-octylphenol were rarely found and in trace concentrations, BPA was detected in majority of samples. Pipes lined with the older technology (LSE) leached more BPA than those with more recent technology (DonPro): maxima in cold water were 0.25 mug/L and 10 ng/L, respectively. Incubation of water in pipes 8-10 h prior to sampling increased BPA concentration in cold water 1.1-43-fold. Hot water temperature caused even more BPA leaching - at maximum 23.5 mug/L. The influence of ageing of epoxy lining on BPA leaching on could be shown in case of LSE technology: locations with 8-9 years old lining leached 4-20-fold more BPA compared to a location with 2-year-old lining. Analysis of metals showed that epoxy lining can reduce especially iron concentration in water. No significant burden to water could be shown by the analyzed 72 volatile organic compounds, including epichlorhydrin, precursor used in epoxy resin. Estrogenicity was detected in water samples with the highest BPA loads. Comparable responses of two yeast bioreporters (estrogen receptor alpha and BPA-targeted) indicated that bisphenol-like compounds were the main cause of estrogenicity. Compared to the estimated average daily BPA exposure, additional BPA load via cold drinking water in the studied locations was low, maximum 8.7%. However, hot water should also be considered as exposure source due to higher BPA concentrations. Epoxy lined locations should be monitored in future in order to evaluate ageing process and control increasing leaching of potentially harmful chemicals.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
. Published by Elsevier Ltd
Data Source
Authors
Rajasarkka,J., Pernica,M., Kuta,J., Lasnak,J., Simek,Z., Blaha,L.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20160715
PMCID
Editors
|
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| Drinking motivates, depending on the use of tobacco and cannabis among adolescents | 2014 | Read more... | |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Przeglad lekarski
Periodical, Abbrev.
Przegl.Lek.
Pub Date Free Form
Volume
71
Issue
11
Start Page
592
Other Pages
596
Notes
LR: 20151119; JID: 19840720R; ppublish
Place of Publication
Poland
ISSN/ISBN
0033-2240; 0033-2240
Accession Number
PMID: 25799851
Language
pol
SubFile
English Abstract; Journal Article; IM
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
25799851
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Alcohol, tobacco and marijuana are the most common drugs used by adolescents. There is evidence of co-occurrence of alcohol use by young people with taking other problem behaviors, little is known about the causes of drinking depending on the type and severity of different substances use. Aim of the study is to find differences in the structure and the rank of drinking motives among people who smoke cigarettes or use marijuana. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was carried out on a nationwide sample of 1411 in mean age 17.7 years (53.3% girls) as a part of next series of HBSC study (Health Behaviour in School aged Children) conducted in 2010 .To investigate reasons for alcohol use, research instrument DMQ-R (Drinking Motives Questionnaire-Revised) was used. Questions about currently tobacco smoking and marijuana or, hashish use during last year were also asked. One-way ANOVA with post-hoc test Scheffe were used for analysis. Results: The highest means were noticed in the dimension of social motives and they differed significantly due to smoking (F (2, 1170) = 35.76, p
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Dzielska,A.
Original/Translated Title
Motywy picia alkoholu w zaleznosci od uzywania tytoniu i marihuany przez mlodziez
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
|
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| Double trouble: Exploring the association between waterpipe tobacco smoking and the nonmedical use of psychoactive prescription drugs among adolescents | 2014 | Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, 722 West 168th Street, New York, NY, USA. Electronic address: leonazahlan@gmail.com.; Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American U | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Drug and alcohol dependence
Periodical, Abbrev.
Drug Alcohol Depend.
Pub Date Free Form
1-Dec
Volume
145
Issue
Start Page
217
Other Pages
223
Notes
LR: 20160208; CI: Copyright (c) 2014; GR: 1R01HD060072/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States; GR: UR008509/PHS HHS/United States; JID: 7513587; 0 (Prescription Drugs); 0 (Psychotropic Drugs); OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/05/20 [received]; 2014/10/19 [revised]; 2014/10/20 [
Place of Publication
Ireland
ISSN/ISBN
1879-0046; 0376-8716
Accession Number
PMID: 25456333
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.10.020 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
25456333
Abstract
BACKGROUND: In youth, both waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) and nonmedical use of prescription drugs (NMUPD) are globally growing concerns. This study assesses for the first time the lifetime and past-year associations between WTS and four classes of psychoactive prescription drugs. METHODS: Cross-sectional data (2011) on 986 high school students attending public and private high schools in Beirut (Lebanon) was analyzed. Schools were selected using proportionate random cluster sampling from a comprehensive list of schools provided by the Ministry of Education. RESULTS: Almost half (46%) had tried WTS compared to 25% who had ever tried cigarettes. Lifetime prevalence estimates of NMUPD were: pain relievers (8.2%), sedatives/tranquilizers (5.6%), stimulants (3.5%), antidepressants (2.5%), and sleeping pills (2.3%). WTS was associated with increased odds of sedatives/tranquilizer use (OR = 3.22, 95% CI: 1.25, 8.25), pain reliever use (OR = 4.31, 95% CI: 2.02, 9.17), and sleeping medication use (OR = 8.31, 95% CI: 2.37, 29.20), controlling for sex, age, school type, and other substance use. For cigarettes, the associations were consistently either weaker or non-existent, except with stimulant use (OR = 5.29, 95% CI: 1.55, 18.05). CONCLUSIONS: While public health professionals have watched with caution the global prevalence of youth cigarette use-worldwide, an insidious alternative form of tobacco use has grown. Further research is needed to understand the unique risk factors and motives associated with WTS and how these relate to NMUPD in order to inform the development of effective intervention programs and policies that support youth positive health decisions.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Elsevier Ireland Ltd
Data Source
Authors
Zahlan,L., Ghandour,L., Yassin,N., Afifi,R., Martins,S.S.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20141028
PMCID
Editors
|
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| Doppler bubble grades after diving and relevance of body fat | 2012 | Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands. n.a.schellart@amc.uva.nl | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine
Periodical, Abbrev.
Aviat.Space Environ.Med.
Pub Date Free Form
Oct
Volume
83
Issue
10
Start Page
951
Other Pages
957
Notes
LR: 20140131; JID: 7501714; CIN: Aviat Space Environ Med. 2014 Jan;85(1):84-5. PMID: 24479268; CIN: Aviat Space Environ Med. 2014 Jan;85(1):84. PMID: 24479267; ppublish
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
0095-6562; 0095-6562
Accession Number
PMID: 23066616
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; IM; S
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
23066616
Abstract
BACKGROUND: From the literature on venous gas embolism (VGE) and decompression sickness (DCS), it remains unclear whether body fat is a predisposing factor for VGE and DCS. Therefore, this study analyses body fat (range 16-44%) in relation to precordial VGE measured by Doppler bubble grades. Also examined is the effect of age (range 34-68 yr), body mass index (BMI; range 17-34 kg x m(-2)), and a model estimate of VO2(max) (maximal oxygen uptake; range 24-54 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1)). METHODS: Bubble grades were determined in 43 recreational divers after an open sea air dive of 40 min to 20 m. Doppler bubble grade scores were transformed to the logarithm of the number of bubbles/cm2, logB, and the logarithm of the Kissman Integrated Severity Score (KISS) to allow numerical analysis. Statistical analyses were performed with Pearson's regular and partial correlations, and uni- and multivariate linear regressions. RESULTS: For divers in their midlife (and older), the analyses indicate that neither body fat nor BMI stimulate bubble formation, since correlations were nonsignificant. In contrast, age and especially VO2(max) appeared to determine VGE. For these types of dives it was found that logB = -1.1 + 0.02 age - 0.04Vo2(max). CONCLUSION: Based on these data we conclude that body fat and BMI seem less relevant for diving. We recommend that medical examinations pay more attention to VO2(max) and age, and that international dive institutions come to a consensus regarding VO2(max) criteria.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Schellart,N.A., Vellinga,T.P., van Dijk,F.J., Sterk,W.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
|
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| Dominant plasmids carrying extended spectrum beta-lactamases blaCTX-M genes in genetically diverse Escherichia coli from slaughterhouse and urban wastewaters | 2016 | Toxalim, Universite de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France.; UMR1282 Infectiologie et Sante Publique, INRA, F-37380, Nouzilly, France.; UMR1282 Infectiologie et Sante Publique, Universite Francois Rabelais de Tours, F-37000, Tours, Fra | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Environmental microbiology reports
Periodical, Abbrev.
Environ.Microbiol.Rep.
Pub Date Free Form
12-Jul
Volume
Issue
Start Page
Other Pages
Notes
LR: 20160712; CI: (c) 2016; JID: 101499207; OTO: NOTNLM; aheadofprint
Place of Publication
ISSN/ISBN
1758-2229; 1758-2229
Accession Number
PMID: 27402421
Language
ENG
SubFile
JOURNAL ARTICLE
DOI
10.1111/1758-2229.12440 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
27402421
Abstract
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) receiving effluents from food-producing animals and humans may contribute to the spread of ESBL-carrying plasmids. This study was designed to investigate extended-spectrum cephalosporin resistant E. coli strains, CTX-M distributions and the genetic lineage of blaCTX-M -carrying plasmids from urban and slaughterhouse wastewaters. The level of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant E. coli in slaughterhouse wastewater entering the WWTP was negligible compared to that of urban wastewater. The blaCTX-M-1 gene was predominant in slaughterhouse wastewater whereas diverse blaCTX-M genes were encountered in urban wastewater and WWTP outlet. Characterization of the main CTX-M-producing E. coli isolates by antibiotic resistance phenotyping, genotyping and typing of plasmids carrying blaCTX-M genes revealed that blaCTX-M-1 and blaCTX-M-15 genes were harbored by the predominant blaCTX-M-1 IncI1/ST3 and blaCTX-M-15 F31:A4:B1 plasmids, which were recovered from unrelated E. coli genotypes in both slaughterhouse and urban wastewaters. This study highlighted the spread of predominant blaCTX-M-1 and blaCTX-M-15 plasmid lineages in diverse E. coli genotypes from humans and food-producing animals, their mixing in WWTP and final release into the aquatic environment. This could have a serious negative impact on public health and requires further evaluation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Society for Applied Microbiology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Data Source
Authors
Dupouy,V., Doublet,B., Arpaillange,N., Praud,K., Bibbal,D., Brugere,H., Oswald,E., Cloeckaert,A., Toutain,P.L., Bousquet-Melou,A.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20160712
PMCID
Editors
|
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| Dominance of CTX-M-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli isolated from patients with community-onset and hospital-onset infection in China | 2014 | State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China.; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory D | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
PloS one
Periodical, Abbrev.
PLoS One
Pub Date Free Form
1-Jul
Volume
9
Issue
7
Start Page
e100707
Other Pages
Notes
JID: 101285081; 0 (Escherichia coli Proteins); EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-Lactamases); OID: NLM: PMC4077569; 2014 [ecollection]; 2014/01/17 [received]; 2014/05/28 [accepted]; 2014/07/01 [epublish]; epublish
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
1932-6203; 1932-6203
Accession Number
PMID: 24983621
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1371/journal.pone.0100707 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
24983621
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To investigate CTX-M genotypes among extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-EC) isolated from patients with community-onset and hospital-onset infections in China, their clonality and the distribution of CTX-M variants in different specimens of community-onset and hospital-onset infections. METHODS: ESBL-EC isolates were collected from general hospitals from 2011 to 2012 in China. Broth microdilution method antimicrobial susceptibility testing of 16 antibiotics was performed. Clinical data from community-onset and hospital-onset infections due to ESBL-EC were analyzed. ESBL-encoding genes were amplified by PCR and sequenced, and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was performed for a random selection of predominant CTX-M type strains identified. RESULTS: A total of 1,168 ESBL-EC isolates were obtained from various clinical specimens, 41.7% of which were responsible for causing community-onset infections. The presence of urinary calculi was higher in community-onset infections, whereas malignancy, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, dementia, chronic renal disease, diabetes mellitus and surgical treatment were found to have higher proportions in hospital-onset infections. There was no significant difference in trauma between community-onset and hospital-onset infections. 96.2% of the isolates were detected to harbor blaCTX-M genes. blaCTX-M-1 group and blaCTX-M-9 group were detected at 40.7% and 48.7% respectively, and both positive group accounted for 10.6%. blaCTX-M-55 (24.8%) and blaCTX-M-15 (18.2%) were the major genotypes in blaCTX-M-1 group while blaCTX-M-14 (46.8%) was predominant in blaCTX-M-9 group. A comparison of blaCTX-M distribution in different specimens between ESBL-EC causing community-onset and hospital-onset infection showed no significant difference. A total of 229 isolates were tested for MLST. ST131 (14%) was the predominant type. ST648, ST405 and ST1193 were also detected. CONCLUSIONS: Community-onset ESBL-EC has emerged as a common pathogen in China. CTX-M-14 is the most commonly encountered, CTX-M-55 and CTX-M-15 have spread rapidly. ST131 is the predominant clonal group, and the great diversity of CTX-M-producing isolates of E. coli has emerged in China.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Xia,S., Fan,X., Huang,Z., Xia,L., Xiao,M., Chen,R., Xu,Y., Zhuo,C.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20140701
PMCID
PMC4077569
Editors
|
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| Domestic water contamination in rapidly growing megacities of Asia: Case of Karachi, Pakistan | 1997 | Rahman, A., Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore 0511, Singapore | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Environmental monitoring and assessment
Periodical, Abbrev.
Environ.Monit.Assess.
Pub Date Free Form
1997/
Volume
44
Issue
3-Jan
Start Page
339
Other Pages
360
Notes
Place of Publication
ISSN/ISBN
0167-6369
Accession Number
Language
SubFile
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
Abstract
The development of essential services including water and sanitation in many megacities of the economically developing countries of Asia cannot keep pace with their rapidly growing population and accompanying urban and industrial development. The inadequate water supply and poor sanitation services lead to contamination of their water supply. It also leads to the input of sewage water into the groundwater. The problem is seriously acute in Karachi, the largest city in Pakistan with a population of over 12 million and growing at 6 percent. This paper examines the problem of water contamination in Karachi. The paper presents the data on water quality from various sources, mainly municipal water supply, vendors and well water; the three major sources of water for domestic use in Karachi. Except municipal water from some areas and during certain periods, water from most other sources contain coliform bacteria, and in many cases faecal coliform, in amounts several magnitudes higher than any standards permit. Many samples have also been found to contain heavy metals including Chromium, Lead, Nickel and Arsenic in amounts excessive of permitted standards. The probable sources of contaminants for the various types of water (piped, vendors, wells) indicate that groundwater may be the main contributor. The very source of this groundwater is predominantly from sewage. The health hazards from consuming such contaminated water are obvious. The paper also evaluates the solutions that are being practiced, proposed or may be feasible, as well as those that are evolving.
Descriptors
arsenic, chromium, ground water, heavy metal, nickel, well water, city, coliform bacterium, conference paper, nonhuman, Pakistan, population growth, sanitation, sewage, water contamination, water quality, water standard, water supply
Links
Book Title
Database
Embase
Publisher
Data Source
Embase
Authors
Rahman,A., Lee,H. K., Khan,M. A.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
|
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| Dokha: an emerging public health issue as a form of tobacco smoking in the middle East | 2013 | Department of Pharmacology, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, UAE E-mail : researchdivision2@gmail.com. | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP
Periodical, Abbrev.
Asian Pac.J.Cancer.Prev.
Pub Date Free Form
Volume
14
Issue
12
Start Page
7065
Other Pages
7067
Notes
JID: 101130625; ppublish
Place of Publication
Thailand
ISSN/ISBN
1513-7368; 1513-7368
Accession Number
PMID: 24460251
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Review; IM
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
24460251
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Tobacco use is one of the leading causes of preventable death across the world today and the smoking rates among men in the Arab world are amongst the highest in the world. Smoking of dokha, a traditional Arab tobacco is common in some of the Middle East countries such as the United Arab Emirates and Iran. This review focuses on the prevalence, pattern and health effects of dokha use in the Middle East. For this purpose an electronic search was performed in the following databases and websites: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Proquest and Google scholar up to December 2012. The search strategy was based on Internet search for the synonyms of dohka or midwakh. From the results of the review it emerged that younger people are the most common users of dokha. Hence effective outreach health education programs, targeting adolescents, especially school students before they take up the habit of smoking, may thus curb the emergence of the problem.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
John,L.J., Muttappallymyalil,J.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
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