WTS database

Title	Pub Year	Author	SearchLink Sort ascending
Patent foramen ovale: an underrated risk for divers?	2004	Klinik fur Anasthesiologie und Spezielle Intensivmedizin, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitat Bonn. Heiko.Lier@ukb.uni-bonn.de	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946) Periodical, Abbrev. Dtsch.Med.Wochenschr. Pub Date Free Form 2-Jan Volume 129 Issue 2-Jan Start Page 27 Other Pages 30 Notes LR: 20061115; JID: 0006723; RF: 26; ppublish Place of Publication Germany ISSN/ISBN 0012-0472; 0012-0472 Accession Number PMID: 14703578 Language ger SubFile English Abstract; Journal Article; Review; IM DOI 10.1055/s-2004-812652 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 14703578 Abstract The foramen ovale which is the fetal connection between the right and left atrium persists in about 30 % of the adult population. In the presence of a persistent foramen ovale (PFO) shunting of blood may occur from the right to the left atrium, and bubbles can reach the systemic circulation during or after the decompression phase of a dive with compressed air. Therefore, divers with PFO may have an increased risk to develop ischemic cerebral lesions and neurologic decompression sickness (DCS). Significant right-to-left shunting may be diagnosed using transcranial doppler ultrasound of the medial cerebral artery and echocardiography with echo contrast media and Valsalva provocation. However, there are no official guidelines concerning PFO screening in medical fitness exams for professional or recreational divers in Germany. Therefore, it remains in the diver's choice to be screened for PFO. Divers with a history of DCS should be monitored for PFO, especially when diving strictly adhered to decompression tables. Divers with PFO who refuse to stop diving after DCS should be advised to adhere to very save dive profiles. Descriptors Decompression Sickness/etiology, Diving, Echocardiography, Doppler, Echocardiography, Transesophageal, Heart Septal Defects, Atrial/complications/diagnosis/physiopathology, Humans, Mass Screening, Risk Factors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Lier,H., Schroeder,S., Hering,R. Original/Translated Title Persistierendes Foramen ovale: ein unterschatztes Risiko fur Taucher? URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Risk indicators for periodontal disease in a remote Canadian community--a dental practice-based study	2002	Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of public health dentistry Periodical, Abbrev. J.Public Health Dent. Pub Date Free Form Winter Volume 62 Issue 1 Start Page 51 Other Pages 56 Notes LR: 20091111; JID: 0014207; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 0022-4006; 0022-4006 Accession Number PMID: 14700090 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; D; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 14700090 Abstract OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to identify risk markers and risk indicators for periodontal attachment loss in a remote Canadian community. Of special interest was the association between smoking and periodontal disease experience. METHODS: Data were collected from a convenience sample of 187 adult patients attending a dental office in a rural community located in Northern Ontario. Information was obtained via a questionnaire and a periodontal examination. The questionnaire included the use of dental services, self-care behaviors, general health status, smoking, and personal characteristics. Periodontal health was assessed using the mean periodontal attachment loss (MPAL), measured at two sites on all remaining teeth and the proportions of sites examined with loss of 2 mm or more and 5 mm or more. Plaque scores and measures of the number of missing teeth also were obtained. The relationships between mean periodontal attachment loss, the proportion of sites with 5 mm or more of loss and independent variables such as age, sex, current smoking status, mean tooth plaque scores, flossing frequency, and regularity of preventive dental visits were examined in bivariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: The data revealed a mean periodontal attachment loss of 3.9 mm (SD=1.5). The mean proportion of sites examined with loss of 2 mm or more was 0.89 and the mean proportion with loss of 5 mm or more was 0.35. In linear regression analysis, plaque scores, the number of missing teeth, age, current smoking status, regularity of dental visits, and flossing frequency had statistically significant independent effects and explained 60.0 percent of the variance in mean periodontal attachment loss. Just over 30 percent of subjects had severe periodontal disease, defined as 50 percent or more of sites examined with loss of 5 mm or more. In logistic regression analysis, missing teeth, dental visiting, smoking status, age, and flossing frequency had significant independent effects. The strongest association observed was with smoking, which had an odds ratio of 6.3. The logistic regression model correctly predicted 64.3 percent of cases with severe disease. CONCLUSIONS: The data indicate that the periodontal health of these patients is poor. Risk indicators or markers of poor periodontal health in the population studied included missing teeth, plaque scores, age, current smoking status, regularity of dental visits, and flossing frequency. This supports previous findings that behavioral factors play an important role in periodontal disease. Descriptors Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cross-Sectional Studies, Dental Care/utilization, Dental Devices, Home Care, Dental Plaque Index, Female, Health Behavior, Health Status, Humans, Linear Models, Logistic Models, Male, Middle Aged, Multivariate Analysis, Ontario, Oral Hygiene, Periodontal Attachment Loss/etiology, Periodontal Index, Risk Assessment, Rural Health, Smoking/adverse effects, Tooth Loss/classification Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Sbaraglia,M., Turnbull,R. S., Locker,D. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Assessing spatial fluctuations, temporal variability, and measurement error in estimated levels of disinfection by-products in tap water: implications for exposure assessment	2004	Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. esymanski@sph.uth.tmc.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Occupational and environmental medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Occup.Environ.Med. Pub Date Free Form Jan Volume 61 Issue 1 Start Page 65 Other Pages 72 Notes LR: 20140610; JID: 9422759; 0 (Disinfectants); 0 (Trihalomethanes); 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical); 4R7X1O2820 (Chlorine); OID: NLM: PMC1757819; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1470-7926; 1351-0711 Accession Number PMID: 14691275 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 14691275 Abstract AIMS: To assess spatial fluctuations, temporal variability, and errors due to sampling and analysis in levels of disinfection by-products in routine monitoring tap water samples and in water samples collected in households within the same distribution system for an exposure assessment study. METHODS: Mixed effects models were applied to quantify seasonal effects and the degree to which trihalomethane (THM) levels vary among households or locations relative to variation over time within seasons for any given location. In a separate analysis, the proportion of total variation due to measurement error arising from sampling and analysis was also quantified. RESULTS: THM levels were higher in the summer relative to other seasons. Differences in the relative magnitude of the intra- and inter-household components of variation were observed between the two sets of THM measurements, with a greater proportion of the variation due to differences within seasons for the routine monitoring data and a greater proportion of the variation due to differences across locations for the exposure assessment study data. Such differences likely arose due to differences in the strategies used to select sites for sampling and in the time periods over which the data were collected. With the exception of bromodichloromethane, measurement errors due to sampling and analysis contributed a small proportion of the total variation in THM levels. CONCLUSIONS: The utility of routine monitoring data in assigning exposure in epidemiological studies is limited because such data may not represent the magnitude of spatial variability in levels of disinfection by-products across the distribution system. Measurement error contributes a relatively small proportion to the total variation in THM levels, which suggests that gathering a greater number of samples over time with fewer replicates collected at each sampling location is more efficient and would likely yield improved estimates of household exposure. Descriptors Chlorine/chemistry, Databases, Factual, Disinfectants/chemistry, Disinfection, Environmental Exposure/analysis, Environmental Monitoring/methods, Humans, Reproducibility of Results, Seasons, Trihalomethanes/analysis, Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis, Water Purification, Water Supply/analysis Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Symanski,E., Savitz,D. A., Singer,P. C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID PMC1757819 Editors
Containing a haemorrhagic fever epidemic: the Ebola experience in Uganda (October 2000-January 2001)	2004	Uganda Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda. mlamunu@yahoo.co.uk	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Infect.Dis. Pub Date Free Form Jan Volume 8 Issue 1 Start Page 27 Other Pages 37 Notes LR: 20130715; JID: 9610933; ppublish Place of Publication Canada ISSN/ISBN 1201-9712; 1201-9712 Accession Number PMID: 14690778 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI S1201971203000079 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 14690778 Abstract INTRODUCTION: The Ebola virus, belonging to the family of filoviruses, was first recognized in 1976 when it caused concurrent outbreaks in Yambuku in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), and in the town of Nzara in Sudan. Both countries share borders with Uganda. A total of 425 cases and 224 deaths attributed to Ebola haemorrhagic fever (EHF) were recorded in Uganda in 2000/01. Although there was delayed detection at the community level, prompt and efficient outbreak investigation led to the confirmation of the causative agent on 14 October 2000 by the National Institute of Virology in South Africa, and the subsequent institution of control interventions. CONTROL INTERVENTIONS: Public health interventions to contain the epidemic aimed at minimizing transmission in the health care setting and in the community, reducing the case fatality rate due to the epidemic, strengthening co-ordination for the response and building capacity for on-going surveillance and control. Co-ordination of the control interventions was organized through the Interministerial Committee, National Ebola Task Force, District Ebola Task Forces, and the Technical Committees at national and district levels. The World Health Organization (WHO) under the Global Outbreak Alert and Response Network co-ordinated the international response. The post-outbreak control interventions addressed weaknesses prior to outbreak detection and aimed at improving preparations for future outbreak detection and response. Challenges to control efforts included inadequate and poor quality protective materials, deaths of health workers, numerous rumors and the rejection of convalescent cases by members of the community. CONCLUSIONS: This was recognized as the largest reported outbreak of EHF in the world. Control interventions were very successful in containing the epidemic. The community structures used to contain the epidemic have continued to perform well after containment of the outbreak, and have proved useful in the identification of other outbreaks. This was also the first outbreak response co-ordinated by the WHO under the Global Outbreak Alert and Response Network, a voluntary organization recently created to co-ordinate technical and financial resources to developing countries during outbreaks. Descriptors Communicable Disease Control/methods, Disease Outbreaks, Ebolavirus/growth & development, Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/epidemiology/prevention & control/virology, Humans, Uganda/epidemiology, World Health Organization Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Lamunu,M., Lutwama,J. J., Kamugisha,J., Opio,A., Nambooze,J., Ndayimirije,N., Okware,S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Adverse health effects of prenatal and postnatal tobacco smoke exposure on children	2003	Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands. w.hofhuis@erasmusmc.nl	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Archives of Disease in Childhood Periodical, Abbrev. Arch.Dis.Child. Pub Date Free Form Dec Volume 88 Issue 12 Start Page 1086 Other Pages 1090 Notes LR: 20140610; JID: 0372434; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); RF: 83; OID: NLM: PMC1719394; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1468-2044; 0003-9888 Accession Number PMID: 14670776 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Review; AIM; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 14670776 Abstract Parents who choose to smoke are possibly not aware of, or deny, the negative effects of passive smoking on their offspring. This review summarises a wide range of effects of passive smoking on mortality and morbidity in children. It offers paediatricians, obstetricians, specialists in preventive child health care, general practitioners, and midwives an approach to promote smoking cessation in smoking parents before, during, and after pregnancy. Descriptors Child, Child Behavior Disorders/etiology, Child, Preschool, Developmental Disabilities/etiology, Female, Fetal Diseases/etiology, Humans, Hypersensitivity/etiology, Infant, Infant, Low Birth Weight, Infant, Newborn, Infection/etiology, Lung Diseases/etiology, Neoplasms/etiology, Obstetric Labor Complications/etiology, Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases/etiology, Pregnancy, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Respiration Disorders/etiology, Sudden Infant Death/etiology, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/adverse effects Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Hofhuis,W., de Jongste,J. C., Merkus,P. J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID PMC1719394 Editors
Identification of Carnobacterium, Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc and Pediococcus by rDNA-based techniques	2003	Departamento de Microbiologia y Ecologia, Universitat de Valencia, Spain.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Systematic and applied microbiology Periodical, Abbrev. Syst.Appl.Microbiol. Pub Date Free Form Nov Volume 26 Issue 4 Start Page 546 Other Pages 556 Notes LR: 20061115; GENBANK/AJ575741; GENBANK/AJ575742; GENBANK/AJ575743; GENBANK/AJ575744; GENBANK/AJ575812; GENBANK/AJ576006; GENBANK/AJ576007; GENBANK/AJ576008; GENBANK/AJ576009; JID: 8306133; 0 (DNA, Bacterial); 0 (DNA, Ribosomal); 0 (DNA, Ribosomal Spacer) Place of Publication Germany ISSN/ISBN 0723-2020; 0723-2020 Accession Number PMID: 14666983 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI S0723-2020(04)70221-0 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 14666983 Abstract Ribosomal DNA-based techniques including the analysis of profiles generated by ISR amplification, ISR restriction and ARDRA have been evaluated as molecular tools for identifying Carnobacterium, Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc and Pediococcus. They have been applied for the molecular characterization of 91 strains with the following identities: eight Carnobacterium including the eight type species of the genus; 61 Lactobacillus including 40 type strains out of 45 species, 13 Leuconostoc, out of them 11 are type strains and three are subspecies of Lc. mesenteroides; and nine strains representing the six species of genus Pediococcus. The genetic relationship displayed between these species by rrn-based profiles is sustained by their phylogenetic relationships and can therefore be considered useful for taxonomic purposes. Profiles obtained by ISR amplification allowed identification at genus level of Carnobacterium and Leuconostoc, and even at species level in genus Carnobacterium. Genera Lactobacillus and Pediococcus could not be distinguished from each other by applying this technique. The Lactobacillus species analysed here (45) were differentiated using ARDRA-DdeI and ISR-DdeI profiles, sequentially, and Pediococcus species by ISR-DdeI profiles. It was necessary to combine profiles generated by restriction of ISR-DdeI, ARDRA-DdeI and ARDRA-HaeIII in order to complete the identification of Leuconostoc species. Descriptors Bacterial Typing Techniques/methods, DNA, Bacterial/chemistry/genetics/isolation & purification, DNA, Ribosomal/chemistry/genetics/isolation & purification, DNA, Ribosomal Spacer/analysis/isolation & purification, Food Microbiology, Genes, rRNA, Genotype, Gram-Positive Bacteria/classification/genetics/isolation & purification, Lactobacillus/classification/genetics/isolation & purification, Leuconostoc/classification/genetics/isolation & purification, Molecular Sequence Data, Pediococcus/classification/genetics/isolation & purification, Phylogeny, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics, Sequence Analysis, DNA Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Chenoll,E., Macian,M. C., Aznar,R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Inner ear decompression sickness and inner ear barotrauma in recreational divers: a long-term follow-up	2003	Israel Naval Medical Institute, Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps, PO Box 8040, Haifa 31080, Israel. shupak@internet-zahav.net	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Laryngoscope Periodical, Abbrev. Laryngoscope Pub Date Free Form Dec Volume 113 Issue 12 Start Page 2141 Other Pages 2147 Notes LR: 20051117; JID: 8607378; 0 (Extracellular Matrix Proteins); 0 (Fish Proteins); 0 (saccule-specific protein, Lepomis macrochirus); 9007-34-5 (Collagen); ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 0023-852X; 0023-852X Accession Number PMID: 14660917 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM; S DOI 10.1097/00005537-200312000-00017 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 14660917 Abstract OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: The objectives were to report the authors' experience with the long-term follow-up of patients with diving-related inner ear decompression sickness and inner ear barotrauma and to discuss residual cochlear and vestibular damage in relation to the question of fitness to dive. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective consecutive case series. METHODS: Eleven recreational divers with inner ear decompression sickness and nine with inner ear barotrauma (IEB) were followed. A complete otoneurological physical examination and laboratory evaluation were carried out. The latter included audiometry, electronystagmography, a rotatory chair test using the sinusoidal harmonic acceleration protocol, and computerized dynamic posturography. RESULTS: Residual cochleovestibular deficits were found in 10 (91%) of the patients with inner ear decompression sickness and 3 (33%) of those with IEB (P <.02, Fisher's Exact test; odds ratio, 20). A significantly shorter follow-up period was required for the inner ear barotrauma group (P <.05, simple t test) because three patients (33%) recovered completely within 1 month of the diving accident. Eight patients had residual vestibular deficits on follow-up, but only one (12.5%) was symptomatic. However, five (56%) of the nine patients who had a cochlear insult, as documented by follow-up audiometry, complained of significant hearing loss and tinnitus. CONCLUSION: Inner ear decompression sickness carries a high risk for residual inner ear damage despite hyperbaric oxygen recompression therapy. A favorable prognosis might be anticipated for inner ear barotrauma. The finding that most patients with residual vestibular deficits were asymptomatic at the time of follow-up emphasizes the need for a complete vestibular evaluation, including specific bedside testing and laboratory examinations, before a return to diving activity may be considered. Descriptors Adult, Aged, Audiometry, Barotrauma/etiology/physiopathology, Collagen, Decompression Sickness/etiology/physiopathology, Diving/injuries, Ear, Inner/injuries, Electronystagmography, Extracellular Matrix Proteins, Female, Fish Proteins, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Prognosis, Retrospective Studies, Vestibular Function Tests Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Shupak,A., Gil,A., Nachum,Z., Miller,S., Gordon,C. R., Tal,D. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Influence of different repair procedures on bond strength of adhesive filling materials to etched enamel in vitro	2003	Department of Operative Dentistry, Preventive Dentistry and Periodontology, University of Gottingen, Gottingen, Germany. Christian.hannig@med.uni-goettingen.de	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Operative dentistry Periodical, Abbrev. Oper.Dent. Pub Date Free Form Nov-Dec Volume 28 Issue 6 Start Page 800 Other Pages 807 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 7605679; 0 (Compomers); 0 (Composite Resins); 0 (Definite composite resin); 0 (Dental Cements); 0 (Dental Materials); 0 (Dentin-Bonding Agents); 0 (Diphosphates); 0 (Dyract); 0 (Etch&Prime); 0 (Methacrylates); 0 (Monobond S); 0 (Pol Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 0361-7734; 0361-7734 Accession Number PMID: 14653297 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; D DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 14653297 Abstract Contamination of etched enamel with repair bond agents during repair of dental restorations may interfere with the bonding of composite to enamel. This study examined the bond strength of adhesive filling materials to etched bovine enamel after pre-treatment with the repair systems Monobond S, Silibond and Co-Jet. The materials Tetric Ceram, Dyract and Definite and their corresponding bonding agents (Syntac Single Comp, Prime & Bond NT, Etch and Prime) were tested in combination with the repair systems. One hundred and thirty-five enamel specimens were etched (37% phosphoric acid, 60 seconds) and equally distributed among three groups (A-C). In Group A, the repair materials were applied on etched enamel followed by applying the composite materials without using their respective bonding material. In Group B, the composite materials were placed on etched enamel after applying the repair materials and bonding agents. In control Group C, the composite materials and bonding agents were applied on etched enamel without using the repair systems. In each sub-group, every composite material was applied on 15 specimens. Samples were stored in artificial saliva for 14 days and thermocycled 1,000 times (5 degrees C/55 degrees C). The shear bond strength of the samples were then determined in a universal testing machine (ISO 10477). Applying Monobond or Silibond followed by the use of its respective bonding agents resulted in a bond strength that was not statistically different from the controls for all filling materials (Group C). The three composites that used Monobond and Silibond without applying the corresponding bonding agent resulted in bond strengths that were significantly lower than the controls. Utilizing the Co-Jet-System drastically reduced the bond strength of composites on etched enamel. Contamination of etched enamel with the repairing bonding agents Monobond and Silibond does not interfere with bond strength if the application of Monobond and Silibond is followed by using its corresponding bonding system of the composites tested. Descriptors Acid Etching, Dental, Animals, Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate/chemistry, Cattle, Compomers/chemistry, Composite Resins/chemistry, Dental Bonding, Dental Cements/chemistry, Dental Enamel/ultrastructure, Dental Materials/chemistry, Dental Prosthesis Repair/methods, Dental Restoration, Permanent, Dentin-Bonding Agents/chemistry, Diphosphates/chemistry, Ethanol/chemistry, Materials Testing, Methacrylates/chemistry, Polymethacrylic Acids/chemistry, Resin Cements/chemistry, Shear Strength, Silanes/chemistry, Siloxanes/chemistry, Terpenes/chemistry Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Hannig,C., Hahn,P., Thiele,P. P., Attin,T. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Predictors of attendance in a randomized clinical trial of nicotine replacement therapy with behavioral counseling	2003	University of Pennsylvania, Transdisciplinary Tobacco Use Research Center, 3535 Market Street, Suite 4100, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Drug and alcohol dependence Periodical, Abbrev. Drug Alcohol Depend. Pub Date Free Form 24-Nov Volume 72 Issue 2 Start Page 123 Other Pages 131 Notes LR: 20151119; GR: P5084718/PHS HHS/United States; JID: 7513587; 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); EIN: Drug Alcohol Depend. 2004 Mar 8;73(3):315; ppublish Place of Publication Ireland ISSN/ISBN 0376-8716; 0376-8716 Accession Number PMID: 14636967 Language eng SubFile Clinical Trial; Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; IM DOI S0376871603001947 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 14636967 Abstract Participant attendance at smoking cessation-counseling sessions is an important factor in treatment outcome. In this study, we examined the influence of demographic, psychological, and smoking history variables on attendance at a randomized clinical trial comparing transdermal nicotine and nicotine nasal spray that included seven sessions of behavioral group counseling. Of the 353 participants, 70.5% attended all seven sessions. Perfect attendance predicted abstinence from cigarettes at the end of treatment and at 6-month follow-up. In a logistic regression model, higher levels of education and higher body mass index were significant independent predictors of better attendance. There was a significant interaction between type of nicotine replacement (transdermal nicotine vs. nasal spray) and sex: females were less likely than males to have perfect attendance in the nasal spray group, but there was no sex difference in attendance for the transdermal nicotine group. These findings suggest that smokers with lower body mass index and less formal education may benefit from proactive counseling to address individual barriers to attendance at smoking cessation counseling. Additional research in this area would also be valuable to evaluate strategies to promote attendance in these high-risk groups. Descriptors Administration, Cutaneous, Administration, Intranasal, Behavior Therapy/methods, Body Mass Index, Counseling/methods, Depression/diagnosis/epidemiology, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Nicotine/administration & dosage/therapeutic use, Patient Compliance/statistics & numerical data, Prospective Studies, Smoking/prevention & control, Smoking Cessation/methods, Surveys and Questionnaires, Tobacco Use Disorder/therapy Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Patterson,F., Jepson,C., Kaufmann,V., Rukstalis,M., Audrain-McGovern,J., Kucharski,S., Lerman,C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Tobacco use among middle and high school students--United States, 2002	2003		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full MMWR.Morbidity and mortality weekly report Periodical, Abbrev. MMWR Morb.Mortal.Wkly.Rep. Pub Date Free Form 14-Nov Volume 52 Issue 45 Start Page 1096 Other Pages 1098 Notes LR: 20080214; JID: 7802429; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1545-861X; 0149-2195 Accession Number PMID: 14614406 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI mm5245a2 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 14614406 Abstract Each day in the United States, approximately 4,400 youths aged 12-17 years try their first cigarette. An estimated one third of these young smokers are expected to die from a smoking-related disease. The National Youth Tobacco Survey (NYTS), conducted by the American Legacy Foundation, provides estimates of usage among U.S. middle and high school students for various tobacco products (i.e., cigarettes, cigars, smokeless tobacco, pipes, bidis [leaf-wrapped, flavored cigarettes from India], and kreteks [clove cigarettes]). This report summarizes tobacco use prevalence estimates from the 2002 NYTS and describes changes in prevalence since 2000. Both tobacco use and cigarette smoking among students in high school (i.e., grades 9-12) decreased by approximately 18% during 2000-2002; however, a decrease among students in middle school (i.e., grades 6-8) was not statistically significant. The lack of progress among middle school students suggests that health officials should improve implementation of proven antismoking strategies and develop new strategies to promote continued declines in youth smoking. Descriptors Adolescent, Female, Humans, Male, Prevalence, Smoking/epidemiology, Students/statistics & numerical data, United States/epidemiology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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