WTS database

Title	Pub Year	Author Sort descending	SearchLink
Magnetic resonance findings in scuba diving-related spinal cord decompression sickness	1997	Institute of Radiology P. Cignolini, University of Palermo, Italy.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Magma (New York, N.Y.) Periodical, Abbrev. MAGMA Pub Date Free Form Jun Volume 5 Issue 2 Start Page 111 Other Pages 115 Notes LR: 20041117; JID: 9310752; ppublish Place of Publication UNITED STATES ISSN/ISBN 0968-5243; 0968-5243 Accession Number PMID: 9268074 Language eng SubFile Case Reports; Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 9268074 Abstract Scuba diving is associated with risk of severe decompression sickness (DCS type II), which results from rapid reduction of the environmental pressure sufficient to cause the formation into tissue or blood of inert gas bubbles previously loaded within tissues as a soluble phase. DCS type II constitutes a unique subset of ischemic insults to the central nervous system (CNS) with primarily involvement of the spinal cord. Ten patients with diving-related barotrauma underwent neurologic examination. Two of them presented progressive sensory and motor loss in the extremities at admission and were presumed affected by spinal cord DCS. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated abnormalities in the white-matter tracts of the spinal cord in these patients, in each case corresponding to an area of the cord believed to be clinically involved. After a course of therapeutic recompressions, one patient was able to stand and walk a short distance, and MRI revealed a decreased extension of areas of spinal cord abnormalities. MRI has proved to be reliable in the detection of pathologic changes of spinal cord decompression sickness that were previously undetectable by other neuroimaging methods and also has proved to be useful in the follow-up during therapeutic hyperbaric recompressions. Descriptors Adolescent, Adult, Decompression Sickness/diagnosis/etiology/pathology, Diving/adverse effects, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods, Male, Spinal Cord Diseases/diagnosis/etiology/pathology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Sparacia,G., Banco,A., Sparacia,B., Midiri,M., Brancatelli,G., Accardi,M., Lagalla,R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Antifungal activity of strains of lactic acid bacteria isolated from a semolina ecosystem against Penicillium roqueforti, Aspergillus niger and Endomyces fibuliger contaminating bakery products	2009	Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, 70126 Bari, Italy.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Systematic and applied microbiology Periodical, Abbrev. Syst.Appl.Microbiol. Pub Date Free Form Sep Volume 32 Issue 6 Start Page 438 Other Pages 448 Notes LR: 20131121; GENBANK/FJ428224; GENBANK/FJ429974; GENBANK/FJ429975; GENBANK/FJ429976; GENBANK/FJ429977; GENBANK/FJ429978; GENBANK/FJ429979; GENBANK/FJ429980; GENBANK/FJ429981; GENBANK/FJ429982; GENBANK/FJ429983; GENBANK/FJ429984; GENBANK/FJ429985; GENBANK Place of Publication Germany ISSN/ISBN 1618-0984; 0723-2020 Accession Number PMID: 19243908 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.syapm.2009.01.004 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19243908 Abstract Thirty samples of Italian durum wheat semolina and whole durum wheat semolina, generally used for the production of Southern Italy's traditional breads, were subjected to microbiological analysis in order to explore their lactic acid bacteria (LAB) diversity and to find strains with antifungal activity. A total of 125 presumptive LAB isolates (Gram-positive and catalase-negative) were characterized by repetitive extragenic palindromic-PCR (REP-PCR) and sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene, leading to the identification of the following species: Weissella confusa, Weissella cibaria, Leuconostoc citreum, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Lactococcus lactis, Lactobacillus rossiae and Lactobacillus plantarum. The REP-PCR results delineated 17 different patterns whose cluster analysis clearly differentiated W. cibaria from W. confusa isolates. Seventeen strains, each characterized by a different REP-PCR pattern, were screened for their antifungal properties. They were grown in a flour-based medium, comparable to a real food system, and the resulting fermentation products (FPs) were tested against fungal species generally contaminating bakery products, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium roqueforti and Endomyces fibuliger. The results of the study indicated a strong inhibitory activity - comparable to that obtained with the common preservative calcium propionate (0.3% w/v) - of ten LAB strains against the most widespread contaminant of bakery products, P. roqueforti. The screening also highlighted the unexplored antifungal activity of L. citreum, L. rossiae and W. cibaria (1 strain), which inhibited all fungal strains to the same or a higher extent compared with calcium propionate. The fermentation products of these three strains were characterized by low pH values, and a high content of lactic and acetic acids. Descriptors Acetic Acid/metabolism/pharmacology, Antibiosis, Aspergillus niger/drug effects/growth & development, Bread/microbiology, Ecosystem, Endomyces/drug effects/growth & development, Food Contamination/prevention & control, Fungi/classification/drug effects/growth & development, Italy, Lactic Acid/metabolism/pharmacology, Lactobacillaceae/genetics/growth & development/isolation & purification/metabolism, Lactobacillus/genetics/growth & development/isolation & purification/metabolism, Lactobacillus plantarum/genetics/growth & development/isolation & purification/metabolism, Leuconostoc/genetics/growth & development/isolation & purification/metabolism, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Molecular Sequence Data, Penicillium/drug effects/growth & development, Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Streptococcaceae/genetics/growth & development/isolation & purification/metabolism, Triticum/drug effects/microbiology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Valerio,F., Favilla,M., De Bellis,P., Sisto,A., de Candia,S., Lavermicocca,P. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20090224 PMCID Editors
Development of a PCR assay for the strain-specific identification of probiotic strain Lactobacillus paracasei IMPC2.1	2009	Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, Bari, Italy.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full International journal of food microbiology Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Food Microbiol. Pub Date Free Form 30-Nov Volume 136 Issue 1 Start Page 59 Other Pages 65 Notes GENBANK/EU187503; JID: 8412849; 0 (DNA, Bacterial); 0 (RNA, Ribosomal, 16S); 2009/05/18 [received]; 2009/09/15 [revised]; 2009/09/17 [accepted]; 2009/09/26 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 1879-3460; 0168-1605 Accession Number PMID: 19833402 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2009.09.017 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19833402 Abstract Recent investigations clearly indicate that the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus paracasei IMPC2.1 can be incorporated into vegetables to obtain innovative probiotic foods whose marketing has been authorized by the Italian Ministry of Health. In this study, strain IMPC2.1 was characterized at a molecular level in order to define its taxonomic position and to develop a PCR test for strain-specific identification. Molecular methods, such as 16S rRNA gene sequencing and multiplex PCR, have provided evidence that strain IMPC2.1 indeed belongs to the L. paracasei species. In addition, a cluster analysis of fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism (f-AFLP) data strongly indicated that strain IMPC2.1 and nine other L. paracasei strains (including strain ATCC 334) belong to the same species and are definitely differentiated from the type strain L. casei ATCC 393. The f-AFLP technique was also used to identify a strain-specific DNA fragment of L. paracasei IMPC2.1 - encoding an amino acid sequence similar to a glycosyltransferase of probiotic strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001 - which enabled us to develop a rapid PCR test for strain-specific identification. The strain-specificity of the PCR test was assessed by comparison with a total of 73 bacterial strains mainly isolated from vegetable products that did not produce any amplified fragment. These strains belonged to the L. paracasei species, to 6 additional species of Lactobacillus and to Weissella cibaria, W. confusa, Lactococcus lactis, Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Pediococcus pentosaceus. A method similar to the one used in this study can be adopted to develop easy, rapid detection techniques for monitoring other bacteria in complex microbiota. Descriptors Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis, Bacterial Typing Techniques/methods, Biodiversity, DNA, Bacterial/genetics, Food Microbiology, Lactobacillus/classification/genetics/growth & development/isolation & purification, Molecular Sequence Data, Phylogeny, Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods, Probiotics, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Species Specificity Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Sisto,A., De Bellis,P., Visconti,A., Morelli,L., Lavermicocca,P. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20090926 PMCID Editors
Electronic cigarette: users profile, utilization, satisfaction and perceived efficacy	2011	Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. jean-francois.etter@unige.ch	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Addiction (Abingdon, England) Periodical, Abbrev. Addiction Pub Date Free Form Nov Volume 106 Issue 11 Start Page 2017 Other Pages 2028 Notes LR: 20151119; CI: (c) 2011 The Authors, Addiction (c) 2011; JID: 9304118; 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); CIN: Addiction. 2011 Nov;106(11):2029-30. PMID: 21978314; 2011/07/27 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1360-0443; 0965-2140 Accession Number PMID: 21592253 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2011.03505.x [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 21592253 Abstract AIMS: To assess the profile, utilization patterns, satisfaction and perceived effects among users of electronic cigarettes ('e-cigarettes'). DESIGN AND SETTING: Internet survey in English and French in 2010. MEASUREMENTS: Online questionnaire. PARTICIPANTS: Visitors of websites and online discussion forums dedicated to e-cigarettes and to smoking cessation. FINDINGS: There were 3587 participants (70% former tobacco smokers, 61% men, mean age 41 years). The median duration of electronic cigarette use was 3 months, users drew 120 puffs/day and used five refills/day. Almost all (97%) used e-cigarettes containing nicotine. Daily users spent $33 per month on these products. Most (96%) said the e-cigarette helped them to quit smoking or reduce their smoking (92%). Reasons for using the e-cigarette included the perception that it was less toxic than tobacco (84%), to deal with craving for tobacco (79%) and withdrawal symptoms (67%), to quit smoking or avoid relapsing (77%), because it was cheaper than smoking (57%) and to deal with situations where smoking was prohibited (39%). Most ex-smokers (79%) feared they might relapse to smoking if they stopped using the e-cigarette. Users of nicotine-containing e-cigarettes reported better relief of withdrawal and a greater effect on smoking cessation than those using non-nicotine e-cigarettes. CONCLUSIONS: E-cigarettes were used much as people would use nicotine replacement medications: by former smokers to avoid relapse or as an aid to cut down or quit smoking. Further research should evaluate the safety and efficacy of e-cigarettes for administration of nicotine and other substances, and for quitting and relapse prevention. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Society for the Study of Addiction Data Source Authors Etter,J.F., Bullen,C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20110727 PMCID Editors
A longitudinal study of electronic cigarette users	2014	Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland. Electronic address: Jean-Francois.Etter@unige.ch.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Addictive Behaviors Periodical, Abbrev. Addict.Behav. Pub Date Free Form Feb Volume 39 Issue 2 Start Page 491 Other Pages 494 Notes LR: 20151119; CI: (c) 2013; JID: 7603486; 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); OTO: NOTNLM; 2013/05/31 [received]; 2013/10/04 [revised]; 2013/10/22 [accepted]; 2013/10/30 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1873-6327; 0306-4603 Accession Number PMID: 24229843 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Multicenter Study; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.addbeh.2013.10.028 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24229843 Abstract OBJECTIVE: To assess behavior change over 12 months in users of e-cigarettes ("vapers"). METHODS: Longitudinal Internet survey, 2011 to 2013. Participants were enrolled on websites dedicated to e-cigarettes and smoking cessation. We assessed use of e-cigarettes and tobacco among the same cohort at baseline, after one month (n=477) and one year (n=367). RESULTS: Most participants (72%) were former smokers, and 76% were using e-cigarettes daily. At baseline, current users had been using e-cigarettes for 3 months, took 150 puffs/day on their e-cigarette and used refill liquids containing 16 mg/ml of nicotine, on average. Almost all the daily vapers at baseline were still vaping daily after one month (98%) and one year (89%). Of those who had been vaping daily for less than one month at baseline, 93% were still vaping daily after one month, and 81% after one year. In daily vapers, the number of puffs/day on e-cigarettes remained unchanged between baseline and one year. Among former smokers who were vaping daily at baseline, 6% had relapsed to smoking after one month and also 6% after one year. Among dual users (smokers who were vaping daily at baseline), 22% had stopped smoking after one month and 46% after one year. In dual users who were still smoking at follow-up, cigarette consumption decreased by 5.3 cig/day after one month (from 11.3 to 6.0 cig./day, p=0.006), but remained unchanged between baseline and 1-year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: E-cigarettes may contribute to relapse prevention in former smokers and smoking cessation in current smokers. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Etter,J.F., Bullen,C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20131030 PMCID Editors
Biomedical risk assessment as an aid for smoking cessation	2012	Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland. raphael.bize@chuv.ch.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Cochrane database of systematic reviews Periodical, Abbrev. Cochrane Database Syst.Rev. Pub Date Free Form 12-Dec Volume 12 Issue Start Page CD004705 Other Pages Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 100909747; 7U1EE4V452 (Carbon Monoxide); epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-493X; 1361-6137 Accession Number PMID: 23235615 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review; IM DOI 10.1002/14651858.CD004705.pub4 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23235615 Abstract BACKGROUND: A possible strategy for increasing smoking cessation rates could be to provide smokers who have contact with healthcare systems with feedback on the biomedical or potential future effects of smoking, e.g. measurement of exhaled carbon monoxide (CO), lung function, or genetic susceptibility to lung cancer. OBJECTIVES: To determine the efficacy of biomedical risk assessment provided in addition to various levels of counselling, as a contributing aid to smoking cessation. SEARCH METHODS: For the most recent update, we searched the Cochrane Collaboration Tobacco Addiction Group Specialized Register in July 2012 for studies added since the last update in 2009. SELECTION CRITERIA: Inclusion criteria were: a randomized controlled trial design; subjects participating in smoking cessation interventions; interventions based on a biomedical test to increase motivation to quit; control groups receiving all other components of intervention; an outcome of smoking cessation rate at least six months after the start of the intervention. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two assessors independently conducted data extraction on each paper, with disagreements resolved by consensus. Results were expressed as a relative risk (RR) for smoking cessation with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Where appropriate, a pooled effect was estimated using a Mantel-Haenszel fixed-effect method. MAIN RESULTS: We included 15 trials using a variety of biomedical tests. Two pairs of trials had sufficiently similar recruitment, setting and interventions to calculate a pooled effect; there was no evidence that carbon monoxide (CO) measurement in primary care (RR 1.06, 95% CI 0.85 to 1.32) or spirometry in primary care (RR 1.18, 95% CI 0.77 to 1.81) increased cessation rates. We did not pool the other 11 trials due to the presence of substantial clinical heterogeneity. Of the remaining 11 trials, two trials detected statistically significant benefits: one trial in primary care detected a significant benefit of lung age feedback after spirometry (RR 2.12, 95% CI 1.24 to 3.62) and one trial that used ultrasonography of carotid and femoral arteries and photographs of plaques detected a benefit (RR 2.77, 95% CI 1.04 to 7.41) but enrolled a population of light smokers and was judged to be at unclear risk of bias in two domains. Nine further trials did not detect significant effects. One of these tested CO feedback alone and CO combined with genetic susceptibility as two different interventions; none of the three possible comparisons detected significant effects. One trial used CO measurement, one used ultrasonography of carotid arteries and two tested for genetic markers. The four remaining trials used a combination of CO and spirometry feedback in different settings. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: There is little evidence about the effects of most types of biomedical tests for risk assessment on smoking cessation. Of the fifteen included studies, only two detected a significant effect of the intervention. Spirometry combined with an interpretation of the results in terms of 'lung age' had a significant effect in a single good quality trial but the evidence is not optimal. A trial of carotid plaque screening using ultrasound also detected a significant effect, but a second larger study of a similar feedback mechanism did not detect evidence of an effect. Only two pairs of studies were similar enough in terms of recruitment, setting, and intervention to allow meta-analyses; neither of these found evidence of an effect. Mixed quality evidence does not support the hypothesis that other types of biomedical risk assessment increase smoking cessation in comparison to standard treatment. There is insufficient evidence with which to evaluate the hypothesis that multiple types of assessment are more effective than single forms of assessment. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Bize,R., Burnand,B., Mueller,Y., Rege-Walther,M., Camain,J.Y., Cornuz,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20121212 PMCID Editors
Fine particulate matter measurements in Swiss restaurants, cafes and bars: what is the effect of spatial separation between smoking and non-smoking areas?	2010	Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Finkenhubelweg, Bern, Switzerland.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Indoor air Periodical, Abbrev. Indoor Air Pub Date Free Form Feb Volume 20 Issue 1 Start Page 52 Other Pages 60 Notes LR: 20130520; JID: 9423515; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 2009/09/11 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Denmark ISSN/ISBN 1600-0668; 0905-6947 Accession Number PMID: 19958392 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0668.2009.00625.x [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19958392 Abstract We performed 124 measurements of particulate matter (PM(2.5)) in 95 hospitality venues such as restaurants, bars, cafes, and a disco, which had differing smoking regulations. We evaluated the impact of spatial separation between smoking and non-smoking areas on mean PM(2.5) concentration, taking relevant characteristics of the venue, such as the type of ventilation or the presence of additional PM(2.5) sources, into account. We differentiated five smoking environments: (i) completely smoke-free location, (ii) non-smoking room spatially separated from a smoking room, (iii) non-smoking area with a smoking area located in the same room, (iv) smoking area with a non-smoking area located in the same room, and (v) smoking location which could be either a room where smoking was allowed that was spatially separated from non-smoking room or a hospitality venue without smoking restriction. In these five groups, the geometric mean PM(2.5) levels were (i) 20.4, (ii) 43.9, (iii) 71.9, (iv) 110.4, and (v) 110.3 microg/m(3), respectively. This study showed that even if non-smoking and smoking areas were spatially separated into two rooms, geometric mean PM(2.5) levels in non-smoking rooms were considerably higher than in completely smoke-free hospitality venues. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: PM(2.5) levels are considerably increased in the non-smoking area if smoking is allowed anywhere in the same location. Even locating the smoking area in another room resulted in a more than doubling of the PM(2.5) levels in the non-smoking room compared with venues where smoking was not allowed at all. In practice, spatial separation of rooms where smoking is allowed does not prevent exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in nearby non-smoking areas. Descriptors Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis, Particle Size, Restaurants, Smoking/legislation & jurisprudence, Switzerland, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/analysis Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Huss,A., Kooijman,C., Breuer,M., Bohler,P., Zund,T., Wenk,S., Roosli,M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20090911 PMCID Editors
Psychosocial interventions for smoking cessation in patients with coronary heart disease	2015	Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Niesenweg 6, Bern, Switzerland, CH-3012.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Cochrane database of systematic reviews Periodical, Abbrev. Cochrane Database Syst.Rev. Pub Date Free Form 6-Jul Volume (7):CD006886. doi Issue 7 Start Page CD006886 Other Pages Notes LR: 20160602; JID: 100909747; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-493X; 1361-6137 Accession Number PMID: 26148115 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review; IM DOI 10.1002/14651858.CD006886.pub2 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26148115 Abstract BACKGROUND: This is an update of a Cochrane review previously published in 2008. Smoking increases the risk of developing atherosclerosis but also acute thrombotic events. Quitting smoking is potentially the most effective secondary prevention measure and improves prognosis after a cardiac event, but more than half of the patients continue to smoke, and improved cessation aids are urgently required. OBJECTIVES: This review aimed to examine the efficacy of psychosocial interventions for smoking cessation in patients with coronary heart disease in short-term (6 to 12 month follow-up) and long-term (more than 12 months). Moderators of treatment effects (i.e. intervention types, treatment dose, methodological criteria) were used for stratification. SEARCH METHODS: The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Issue 12, 2012), MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO and PSYNDEX were searched from the start of the database to January 2013. This is an update of the initial search in 2003. Results were supplemented by cross-checking references, and handsearches in selected journals and systematic reviews. No language restrictions were applied. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in patients with CHD with a minimum follow-up of 6 months. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two authors independently assessed trial eligibility and risk of bias. Abstinence rates were computed according to an intention to treat analysis if possible, or if not according to completer analysis results only. Subgroups of specific intervention strategies were analysed separately. The impact of study quality on efficacy was studied in a moderator analysis. Risk ratios (RR) were pooled using the Mantel-Haenszel and random-effects model with 95% confidence intervals (CI). MAIN RESULTS: We found 40 RCTs meeting inclusion criteria in total (21 trials were new in this update, 5 new trials contributed to long-term results (more than 12 months)). Interventions consist of behavioural therapeutic approaches, telephone support and self-help material and were either focused on smoking cessation alone or addressed several risk factors (eg. obesity, inactivity and smoking). The trials mostly included older male patients with CHD, predominantly myocardial infarction (MI). After an initial selection of studies three trials with implausible large effects of RR > 5 which contributed to substantial heterogeneity were excluded. Overall there was a positive effect of interventions on abstinence after 6 to 12 months (risk ratio (RR) 1.22, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.13 to 1.32, I(2) 54%; abstinence rate treatment group = 46%, abstinence rate control group 37.4%), but heterogeneity between trials was substantial. Studies with validated assessment of smoking status at follow-up had similar efficacy (RR 1.22, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.39) to non-validated trials (RR 1.23, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.35). Studies were stratified by intervention strategy and intensity of the intervention. Clustering reduced heterogeneity, although many trials used more than one type of intervention. The RRs for different strategies were similar (behavioural therapies RR 1.23, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.34, I(2) 40%; telephone support RR 1.21, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.30, I(2) 44%; self-help RR 1.22, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.33, I(2) 40%). More intense interventions (any initial contact plus follow-up over one month) showed increased quit rates (RR 1.28, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.40, I(2) 58%) whereas brief interventions (either one single initial contact lasting less than an hour with no follow-up, one or more contacts in total over an hour with no follow-up or any initial contact plus follow-up of less than one months) did not appear effective (RR 1.01, 95% CI 0.91 to 1.12, I(2) 0%). Seven trials had long-term follow-up (over 12 months), and did not show any benefits. Adverse side effects were not reported in any trial. These findings are based on studies with rather low risk of selection bias but high risk of detection bias (namely unblinded or no Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Barth,J., Jacob,T., Daha,I., Critchley,J.A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150706 PMCID Editors
Comparing the validity of the Cigarette Dependence Scale and the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence	2008	Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Geneva, CMU, 1 rue Michel-Servet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. Jean-Francois.Etter@imsp.unige.ch	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Drug and alcohol dependence Periodical, Abbrev. Drug Alcohol Depend. Pub Date Free Form 1-May Volume 95 Issue 2-Jan Start Page 152 Other Pages 159 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 7513587; 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); 2007/11/02 [received]; 2008/01/04 [revised]; 2008/01/09 [accepted]; 2008/03/06 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Ireland ISSN/ISBN 0376-8716; 0376-8716 Accession Number PMID: 18328641 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2008.01.017 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18328641 Abstract BACKGROUND: We compared the validity of the Cigarette Dependence Scale (CDS-12) and of the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) in daily cigarette smokers. METHODS: Internet survey in 2004-2007. Eight days and 6 weeks after answering these two dependence questionnaires, participants indicated their smoking status and answered the Cigarette Withdrawal Scale and the Smoking Self-Efficacy Questionnaire. We used the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) to assess nicotine dependence as defined in DSM-IV. RESULTS: There were 13,697 participants at baseline, 1113 (8%) after 8 days and 435 (3%) after 6 weeks. CDS-12, but not FTND, predicted smoking cessation after 8 days (odds ratio=1.20 per standard deviation unit, p=0.03) and 6 weeks (odds ratio=1.34, p=0.01). In participants who had quit smoking after 8 days, CDS-12 was a better predictor of craving (beta=0.30, p<0.001), than FTND (beta=0.14, p<0.01). After 8 days, self-efficacy in quitters was predicted by CDS-12 (beta=-0.16, p=0.02), but not by FTND (beta=-0.05, p=0.3). CDS-12 was more strongly associated than FTND with DSM-defined dependence measured by MINI: area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve=0.72 (95% confidence interval=0.70-0.73). For FTND, the area under ROC=0.64 (0.63-0.66). CONCLUSIONS: CDS-12 performed better than FTND on tests of predictive and construct validity. Descriptors Adult, Cues, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Health Surveys, Humans, Internet, Male, Motivation, Nicotine/toxicity, Psychometrics/statistics & numerical data, Reproducibility of Results, Self Efficacy, Smoking/psychology, Smoking Cessation/psychology, Social Environment, Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/diagnosis/psychology, Surveys and Questionnaires, Switzerland, Tobacco Use Disorder/diagnosis/psychology/rehabilitation Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Etter,J. F. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20080306 PMCID Editors
Predictors of short-term success in smoking cessation in relation to attendance at a smoking cessation program	2011	Institute of Social Medicine, Centre for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Rooseveltplatz 3, 1090 Wien, Austria. thomas.dorner@meduniwien.ac.at	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Nov Volume 13 Issue 11 Start Page 1068 Other Pages 1075 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 9815751; 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); 7U1EE4V452 (Carbon Monoxide); 2011/08/10 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-994X; 1462-2203 Accession Number PMID: 21832273 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1093/ntr/ntr179 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 21832273 Abstract INTRODUCTION: The identification of individual characteristics that predict success in smoking cessation is necessary to improve the effectiveness of smoking cessation efforts. The aim of this study was to identify the factors that predict success in smoking cessation in people who attended 2, 3, 4, or 5 sessions of a smoking cessation program. METHODS: The participants comprised 2,471 people who attended at least 2 consultations during a 5-week smoking cessation program. Success in smoking cessation was defined as self-reported abstinence and having an exhaled carbon monoxide level =10 parts per million at the final consultation. Baseline characteristics were compared using univariate analysis of variance and the chi-square test. A stepwise multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the effect of baseline characteristics and the slopes of the withdrawal symptoms on the success in smoking cessation. RESULTS: Participating in a higher number of sessions gradually increased the chance of smoking cessation from 12.1% to 61.2% (p Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Dorner,T.E., Trostl,A., Womastek,I., Groman,E. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20110810 PMCID Editors

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