WTS database

Title Sort descending	Pub Year	Author	SearchLink
Quality of life in GERD and Barrett's esophagus is related to gender and manifestation of disease	2009	School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7080, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The American Journal of Gastroenterology Periodical, Abbrev. Am.J.Gastroenterol. Pub Date Free Form Nov Volume 104 Issue 11 Start Page 2695 Other Pages 2703 Notes LR: 20151119; GR: K23 DK059311/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States; GR: K23 DK059311-05/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States; GR: K23 DK59311-01/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States; GR: P30 DK034987/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States; GR: P30 DK034987-27/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/Uni Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1572-0241; 0002-9270 Accession Number PMID: 19755967 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 10.1038/ajg.2009.504 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19755967 Abstract OBJECTIVES: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common condition that affects patients' health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The HRQoL of Barrett's esophagus (BE) has been less well studied. Furthermore, it is unknown to what extent BE patients suffer from psychological distress as a result of carrying a diagnosis of a premalignant condition. We sought to compare BE and GERD (stratified by erosive reflux disease (ERD) and non-erosive reflux disease (NERD)) with regard to HRQoL and psychological impact. METHODS: In this single-center study of subjects presenting for elective upper endoscopy, consecutive patients with BE and GERD were enrolled. Participants completed questionnaires assessing generic HRQoL (medical outcomes study short form-36 (SF-36)), disease-specific HRQoL (gastrointestinal quality of life index (GIQLI)), a measure of psychological distress (the Revised Hopkins Symptom Checklist: SCL-90R), and a patient-centered assessment of the impact of disease severity (the GERD health-related quality of life measure (GERD HRQL)). RESULTS: Patients with BE had the lowest symptom severity compared with those suffering from NERD or ERD (GERD HRQL: 13.7 vs. 18 and 15.9, respectively, P<0.01). Those with BE also had better disease-specific quality of life compared with NERD or ERD patients (GIQLI: 137.2 vs. 124.3 and 131.0, respectively, P<0.001). After adjusting for potential confounding variables including symptom severity and gender, BE patients continued to demonstrate better disease-specific HRQoL, scoring 12.2 points higher on the GIQLI than NERD patients (95% confidence interval (CI) 5.1-19.3) and 16.3 points higher than ERD patients (95% CI 5.4-27.3), as well as better generic HRQoL, scoring 4.8 points higher on the SF-36 physical component summary than NERD patients (95% CI 0.8-8.8) and 7.1 points higher than ERD patients (95% CI 1.2-13.1). There were no significant differences between groups in psychological distress, as demonstrated by the SCL-90R global severity index, although BE patients scored lower on the somatization domain compared with NERD and ERD patients. When stratified by gender, females with NERD and BE had worse disease-specific HRQoL than males. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with BE have better generic and disease-specific HRQoL when compared with patients suffering from NERD and ERD. This difference is only partially attributable to lower symptom severity amongs BE patients. Psychological distress did not differ significantly amongs groups. Female gender was associated with worsened HRQoL regardless of GERD disease manifestation. Though more precise instruments may aid in detecting any HRQoL decrements in BE patients because of perceived cancer risk or fear of developing or dying from cancer, we were unable to demonstrate an additional decrement in HRQoL because of cancer risk in subjects with BE. Descriptors Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Barrett Esophagus/diagnosis/psychology/therapy, Case-Control Studies, Esophagoscopy/methods, Female, Gastroesophageal Reflux/diagnosis/psychology/therapy, Gastroscopy/methods, Humans, Linear Models, Male, Middle Aged, Multivariate Analysis, Quality of Life, Reference Values, Risk Assessment, Severity of Illness Index, Sex Factors, Sickness Impact Profile, Stress, Psychological, Surveys and Questionnaires, Young Adult Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Lippmann,Q. K., Crockett,S. D., Dellon,E. S., Shaheen,N. J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20090915 PMCID PMC3073722 Editors
Quantification of flavor-related compounds in the unburned contents of bidi and clove cigarettes	2006	Division of Laboratory Sciences, Emergency Response and Air Toxicants Branch, National Center for Environmental Health, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341-3719, USA. sstanfill@cdc.gov	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry Periodical, Abbrev. J.Agric.Food Chem. Pub Date Free Form 1-Nov Volume 54 Issue 22 Start Page 8580 Other Pages 8588 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 0374755; 0 (Flavoring Agents); ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 0021-8561; 0021-8561 Accession Number PMID: 17061837 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1021/jf060733o [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 17061837 Abstract Bidi cigarettes, small hand-rolled cigarettes produced primarily in India, are sold in the United States in a wide variety of candy-like flavors (e.g. dewberry, chocolate, clove) and are popular with adolescents. Many flavored bidis contain high concentrations of compounds such as eugenol, anethole, methyleugenol, pulegone, and estragole; several of these compounds have known toxic or carcinogenic properties. Clove cigarettes, or kreteks, are another highly flavored tobacco product with high levels of eugenol due to clove buds present in the tobacco filler. In this study, compounds in the burnable portion-the filler and wrapper material actually consumed during the smoking of bidis, kreteks, and U.S. cigarettes-were analyzed. Flavor-related compounds were solvent extracted from the burnable portion of each cigarette with methanol. An aliquot of the methanol extract was heated, and the sample headspace was sampled with a solid-phase microextraction fiber and introduced into a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer for analysis in selected-ion monitoring mode. High levels of eugenol were detected in five clove-flavored bidi brands ranging from 78.6 to 7130 microg/cigarette (microg/cig), whereas diphenyl ether (128-3550 microg/cig) and methyl anthranilate (154-2360 microg/cig) were found in one grape-flavored bidi brand. A nontobacco herbal bidi brand contained the greatest variety of compounds, including anethole (489-665 microg/cig), eugenol (1670-2470 microg/cig), methyleugenol (27.7-36.6 microg/cig), safrole (32.4-34.4 microg/cig), myristicin (170-247 microg/cig), and elemicin (101-109 microg/cig). Filler from kreteks was found to contain high levels of eugenol, anethole, and coumarin. Flavored bidis and clove cigarettes contain a number of compounds that are present at levels far exceeding those reported in U.S. cigarette tobacco. Research is underway to determine the levels of these compounds delivered in smoke. It is not known what effect inhalation of these compounds has on smokers. Descriptors Filtration, Fires, Flavoring Agents/analysis/chemistry, Mass Spectrometry, Reproducibility of Results, Syzygium/chemistry, Tobacco/chemistry Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Stanfill,S. B., Brown,C. R., Yan,X. J., Watson,C. H., Ashley,D. L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Quantifying recreational shore angling catch and harvest in southern Portugal (north-east Atlantic Ocean): implications for conservation and integrated fisheries management	2010	Centre of Marine Sciences-Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CCMAR-CIMAR), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal. pveiga@ualg.pt	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of fish biology Periodical, Abbrev. J.Fish Biol. Pub Date Free Form Jun Volume 76 Issue 9 Start Page 2216 Other Pages 2237 Notes JID: 0214055; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1095-8649; 0022-1112 Accession Number PMID: 20557660 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2010.02665.x [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 20557660 Abstract Recreational shore fishing along 250 km of the south and south-west coast of Portugal was studied based on roving creel and aerial surveys. Surveys were conducted between August 2006 and July 2007, following a stratified random-sampling design and provided information on catch and effort, harvest and discards, angler demographics and fishing habits. Overall, 192 roving creel surveys, 24 aerial surveys and 1321 interviews were conducted. Based on the aerial surveys, a mean +/-s.e. total fishing effort of 705,236 +/- 32,765 angler h year(-1) was estimated, corresponding to 166,430 +/- 9792 fishing trips year(-1). Average time spent per fishing trip was 4.7 h. A total of 48 species, belonging to 22 families, were recorded in roving creel surveys. The most important species was Diplodus sargus, accounting for 44% of the total catches by number and 48% by mass. Estimated mean +/-s.e. total annual recreational shore fishing catch was 160.2 +/- 12.6 t year(-1) (788,049 +/- 54,079 fishes year(-1)), of which 147.4 +/- 11.9 t year(-1) (589,132 +/- 42,360 fishes year(-1)) was retained. Although overall shore-based recreational catches only corresponded to 0.8% of the commercial landings (only common species considered), D. sargus catches by recreational shore anglers were considerable, corresponding to 65% of the commercial landings. The implications of these results for integrated fisheries management and conservation are discussed, and future research proposed. Descriptors Animals, Atlantic Ocean, Conservation of Natural Resources, Environmental Monitoring/methods, Fisheries/statistics & numerical data, Fishes/classification, Population Density, Portugal, Recreation Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Veiga,P., Ribeiro,J., Goncalves,J. M., Erzini,K. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Quantifying the Short-Term Costs of Conservation Interventions for Fishers at Lake Alaotra, Madagascar	2015	Department of Life Sciences, Silwood Park Campus, Imperial College London, Ascot, SL5 7PY, United Kingdom; Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, Ascot, SL5 7PY, United Kingdom.; Department of Life Sciences, Silwood Park Campus, Imperia	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full PloS one Periodical, Abbrev. PLoS One Pub Date Free Form 24-Jun Volume 10 Issue 6 Start Page e0129440 Other Pages Notes LR: 20150630; JID: 101285081; OID: NLM: PMC4481106; 2015 [ecollection]; 2014/07/13 [received]; 2015/05/06 [accepted]; 2015/06/24 [epublish]; epublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1932-6203; 1932-6203 Accession Number PMID: 26107284 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0129440 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26107284 Abstract Artisanal fisheries are a key source of food and income for millions of people, but if poorly managed, fishing can have declining returns as well as impacts on biodiversity. Management interventions such as spatial and temporal closures can improve fishery sustainability and reduce environmental degradation, but may carry substantial short-term costs for fishers. The Lake Alaotra wetland in Madagascar supports a commercially important artisanal fishery and provides habitat for a Critically Endangered primate and other endemic wildlife of conservation importance. Using detailed data from more than 1,600 fisher catches, we used linear mixed effects models to explore and quantify relationships between catch weight, effort, and spatial and temporal restrictions to identify drivers of fisher behaviour and quantify the potential effect of fishing restrictions on catch. We found that restricted area interventions and fishery closures would generate direct short-term costs through reduced catch and income, and these costs vary between groups of fishers using different gear. Our results show that conservation interventions can have uneven impacts on local people with different fishing strategies. This information can be used to formulate management strategies that minimise the adverse impacts of interventions, increase local support and compliance, and therefore maximise conservation effectiveness. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Wallace,A.P., Milner-Gulland,E.J., Jones,J.P., Bunnefeld,N., Young,R., Nicholson,E. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150624 PMCID PMC4481106 Editors
Quantitation of urinary metabolites of a tobacco-specific lung carcinogen after smoking cessation	1999	University of Minnesota Cancer Center, Minneapolis 55455, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Cancer research Periodical, Abbrev. Cancer Res. Pub Date Free Form 1-Feb Volume 59 Issue 3 Start Page 590 Other Pages 596 Notes LR: 20151119; GR: CA-44377/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 2984705R; 0 (4-((methylnitrosoamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)but-1-yl)beta-omega-glucosiduronic acid); 0 (Carcinogens); 0 (Glucuronates); 0 (Nitrosamines); 59578-66-4 (4-(methylnitrosoamino)-4-(3-pyridyl) Place of Publication UNITED STATES ISSN/ISBN 0008-5472; 0008-5472 Accession Number PMID: 9973205 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 9973205 Abstract We quantified urinary levels of two metabolites of the tobacco-specific lung carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) in people who had stopped smoking: 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) and its O-glucuronide, 4-[(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)but-1-yl]-beta-O-D-glucosiduronic acid (NNAL-Gluc). Twenty-seven people completed the study. Thirteen used the nicotine patch starting at the quit date, whereas the others used no patch. Two 24-h urine samples were collected on 2 consecutive days before smoking cessation; blood was also obtained. Beginning at their quit date, subjects provided 24-h urine samples on days 7, 21, 42, 70, 98, and 126, and some subjects also provided samples at later times. The urine was analyzed for NNAL, NNAL-Gluc, nicotine plus nicotine-N-glucuronide, and cotinine plus cotinine-N-glucuronide. Some blood samples were also analyzed for NNAL. The decline of urinary NNAL and NNAL-Gluc after smoking cessation was much slower than expected. This was clearly demonstrated by comparison with cotinine and nicotine levels in urine. One week after smoking cessation, 34.5% of baseline NNAL plus NNAL-Gluc was detected in urine, whereas the corresponding values for cotinine and nicotine were 1.1 and 0.5%, respectively. Even 6 weeks after cessation, 7.6% of the original levels of NNAL plus NNAL-Gluc remained. In some subjects, NNAL plus NNAL-Gluc were detected 281 days after cessation. The distribution half-life for NNAL and NNAL-Gluc was 3-4 days, whereas the elimination half-life was 40-45 days. Total body clearance of NNAL was estimated to be 61.4 +/- 35.4 ml/min, and volume of distribution in the beta-phase was estimated to be 3800 +/- 2100 liters, indicating substantial distribution into the tissues. Parallel studies in rats treated chronically or acutely with NNK in the drinking water support the conclusion that NNAL has a large volume of distribution. There was no effect of the nicotine patch on levels of NNAL plus NNAL-Gluc, indicating that NNK is not formed endogenously from nicotine. The results of this study demonstrate that NNAL and NNAL-Gluc are slowly cleared from the body after smoking cessation, indicating the presence of a high-affinity compartment where NNK, NNAL, and/or NNAL-Gluc are retained or sequestered and slowly released. Descriptors Adult, Animals, Carcinogens/pharmacokinetics, Cotinine/urine, Female, Glucuronates/pharmacokinetics/urine, Humans, Lung Neoplasms/etiology/urine, Male, Middle Aged, Nicotine/urine, Nitrosamines/metabolism/pharmacokinetics/urine, Rats, Rats, Inbred F344, Smoking Cessation Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Hecht,S. S., Carmella,S. G., Chen,M., Dor Koch,J. F., Miller,A. T., Murphy,S. E., Jensen,J. A., Zimmerman,C. L., Hatsukami,D. K. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Quantitative Analyses of Esophageal Cancer Research in Pakistan	2016	Department of Molecular Pathology, Dow International Medical College, Dow Diagnostic Research and Reference Laboratory, Dow University of Health Sciences Karachi, Pakistan Email : asif@asifqureshi.com.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP Periodical, Abbrev. Asian Pac.J.Cancer.Prev. Pub Date Free Form Volume 17 Issue 7 Start Page 3117 Other Pages 3122 Notes JID: 101130625; ppublish Place of Publication Thailand ISSN/ISBN 1513-7368; 1513-7368 Accession Number PMID: 27509939 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 27509939 Abstract BACKGROUND: Healthcare research is a neglected discipline in Pakistan and research related to esophageal cancer (ranks 9th in Pakistani males and 5th in females) is no exception in this regard. Particularly, there are no data available to delineate the overall status of esophageal cancer epidemiological studies in Pakistan. This study describes the first ever effort to make a systematic quantification, in an attempt to provide a roadmap to all stakeholders for designing appropriate epidemiological, diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: International (PubMed, ISI Web of Knowledge) and local (PakMedinet) scientific databases as well as Google search engine were searched using specified keywords to extract relevant publication. Well defined inclusion criteria were implemented to select publications for final analyses. All data were recorded by at least 3 authors and consensus data were entered into and analyzed for descriptive statistics (such as frequencies, percentages and annual growth rates) using Microsoft Excel and SPSS software. RESULTS: A total of 79 publications fulfilled the inclusion criteria including 20 publications for which full texts were not available. Of the 79 publications, 59 (74.6%) were original/research publications, 5 (6.3%) were case reports, 4 (5.1%) were research communications, 2 (2.5%) were review articles, 1 was (1.2%) correspondence and 8 (10.1%) were un defined categories. Only 13 Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Qureshi,M.A., Khan,S., Ujjan,I.D., Iqbal,A., Khan,R., Khan,B.A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Quantitative comparisons between a nicotine delivery device (Eclipse) and conventional cigarette smoking	2004	National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Feb Volume 6 Issue 1 Start Page 95 Other Pages 102 Notes LR: 20151119; GR: 5-P50-CA84718/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9815751; 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); 7U1EE4V452 (Carbon Monoxide); ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1462-2203; 1462-2203 Accession Number PMID: 14982693 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; IM DOI 10.1080/14622200310001656911 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 14982693 Abstract In 1997, R. J. Reynolds introduced Eclipse, a nicotine delivery device (NDD) purported to deliver lower levels of smoke than conventional cigarettes. This NDD uses a carbon fuel element to vaporize the nicotine in the rod; the user then inhales the nicotine vapor. In the present study, the effects of this NDD on smoking topography; substance delivery factors; and physiological, subjective, and biochemical markers of smoking were compared with commercial cigarettes (referred to as Own Brand). All smoking occurred ad lib with the cigarette or NDD hand-held (conventional) or held in a topography mouthpiece. A total of 10 adults (seven males) smoked on five occasions: NDD conventional, NDD topography, Own Brand conventional, Own Brand topography (twice). Sessions were separated by at least 24 hr. Measures were taken before and 2, 5, 10, 15, 30, and 60 min after smoking. The NDD took longer to smoke (366 s vs. 292 s), required more puffs (14.8 vs. 10.8), and caused a larger increase in exhaled carbon monoxide (CO; 7.3 ppm vs. 4.2 ppm) than Own Brand. However, venous plasma nicotine boost was significantly larger 2 min after smoking Own Brand as compared with the NDD (16.4 ng/ml vs. 10.7 ng/ml). Puff volume (90.7 ml vs. 63.0 ml) and puff velocity (81.6 ml/s vs. 58.2 ml/s) were greater after the NDD than Own Brand, whereas inter-puff interval and puff duration were similar. Subjects rated the NDD as less satisfying (5.2 vs. 9.8), less rewarding (9.5 vs. 14.3), and more aversive (5.0 vs. 3.1) than their own brand. The results of this study indicate that this NDD exposes the user to significant quantities of nicotine, CO, and possibly other harmful components of tobacco smoke. The findings further validate the use of a topography device as an effective instrument to quantify smoke exposure. Descriptors Adult, Blood Pressure/drug effects, Carbon Monoxide/analysis, Equipment Design, Female, Heart Rate/drug effects, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Nicotine/administration & dosage/adverse effects/blood, Smoking Cessation/methods, Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiology, Volatilization Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Lee,E. M., Malson,J. L., Moolchan,E. T., Pickworth,W. B. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Quantitative detection of bisphenol A and bisphenol A diglycidyl ether metabolites in human plasma by liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometry	2001	Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of chromatography.B, Biomedical sciences and applications Periodical, Abbrev. J.Chromatogr.B Biomed.Sci.Appl. Pub Date Free Form 25-Dec Volume 765 Issue 2 Start Page 121 Other Pages 126 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 9714109; 0 (Benzhydryl Compounds); 0 (Epoxy Compounds); 0 (Phenols); F3XRM1NX4H (2,2-bis(4-glycidyloxyphenyl)propane); MLT3645I99 (bisphenol A); ppublish Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 1387-2273; 1387-2273 Accession Number PMID: 11767304 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 11767304 Abstract Due to the ubiquity of epoxy resin compounds and their potential role in increasing the risk for reproductive dysfunction and cancer, the need for an assessment of human exposure is urgent. Therefore, we developed a method for measuring bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) metabolites in human blood samples using high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Human blood samples were processed using enzymatic deconjugation of the glucuronides followed by a novel sample preparation procedure using a solid-phase-cartridge column. This selective analytical method permits rapid detection of the metabolites, free BPA and a hydrolysis product of BADGE (BADGE-40H) with detection limits in the low nanogram per milliliter range (0.1 ng ml(-1) of BPA and 0.5 ng ml(-1) of BADGE-40H). The sample extraction was achieved by Oasis HLB column on gradient elution. The recoveries of BPA and BADGE-40H added to human plasma samples were above 70.0% with a standard deviation of less than 5.0%. This selective, sensitive and accurate method will assist in elucidating potential associations between human exposure to epoxy-based compounds and adverse health effects. Descriptors Benzhydryl Compounds, Chromatography, Liquid/methods, Epoxy Compounds/analysis, Humans, Phenols/blood, Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization/methods Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Inoue,K., Yamaguchi,A., Wada,M., Yoshimura,Y., Makino,T., Nakazaw,H. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Quantitative evaluation of the radon and lung cancer association in a case control study of Chinese tin miners	1990	Lubin, J.H., Epidemiologic Methods Section, Biostatistics Branch, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20892, United States	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Cancer research Periodical, Abbrev. Cancer Res. Pub Date Free Form 1990/ Volume 50 Issue 1 Start Page 174 Other Pages 180 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0008-5472 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Studies of underground miners have consistently shown an increased risk of lung cancer with cumulative exposure to radon-222 and its decay products. Although the deleterious effects of high radon exposure are clear, questions regarding the shape of the exposure-response relationship, and the effects of time factors such as attained age, time since exposure and early age at first exposure, the effect of exposure rate, and the joint association of radon exposure and tobacco use have not yet been fully clarified. This report considers these questions by fitting various models for the relative odds of disease to 74 male lung cancer cases who were diagnosed between 1981 and 1984 and were alive in 1985 and an equal number of controls. All subjects are current or past employees of the Yunnan Tin Corporation, Gejiu City, China, who reside in the local area. Workers were interviewed to obtain information on work history, from which radon exposure in cumulative working level months and arsenic exposure were estimated, and on tobacco use. Results indicate that excess relative risk increases by 1.7% per cumulative working level month [95% confidence interval (0.5, 5.4)]. The linear exposure response relationship significantly declines with year since last radon exposure (P=0.02). The risk trend also declines with increasing exposure rate (P=0.001), indicating that long duration of exposure at a low rate may be more deleterious than short duration of exposure at a high rate. A unique aspect of this study population is the very early ages at first radon exposure for many of the workers, about 37% of the radon-exposed workers were first exposed under the age of 13 years. The analysis shows no modification of the radon lung cancer relationship with age at first exposure. These patterns of risk with radon exposure are generally consistent with those reported in the recent National Academy of Sciences' Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiations IV report. The primary method of tobacco consumption in this area of China is by waterpipe. Lung cancer risk increases with pipe-years of use. The joint analysis of tobacco use and radon exposure supports the Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiations IV conclusion that the most likely model is between additive and multiplicative. The variations of the radon lung cancer relationship by years since last exposure and exposure rate are not affected by adjustment for arsenic exposure. Descriptors radon, tin, article, cancer risk, case control study, China, controlled study, human, lung cancer, major clinical study, miner, priority journal, quantitative assay Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Lubin,J. H., Qiao,Y. -L, Taylor,P. R., Yao,S. -X, Schatzkin,A., Mao,B. -L, Rao,J. -Y, Xuan,X. -Z, Li,J. -Y Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Quantitative studies on the transmission of Onchocerca volvulus by Simulium damnosum in the Bong Range, Liberia	1973	Bernhard Nocht Inst. Schiffs- Tropenkrankh., Hamburg	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Periodical, Abbrev. Z.TROPENMED.PARASIT. Pub Date Free Form 1973/ Volume 24 Issue 3 Start Page 358 Other Pages 372 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Quantitative aspects of the transmission of O. volvulus have been investigated in an area of the tropical rain forest zone in West Liberia. The daily and annual cycles of biting densities, age composition and infection rates of the Simulium damnosum population have been studied for one or more years at 7 catching sites. Dissections of 67,758 females of S. damnosum revealed a mean annual parous rate of 10.9%; 17.2% of the parous flies carried developing filaria infections, 2.6% third stage larvae of O. volvulus, and 3.0% third stage larvae of other filaria species. An average of 900 O. volvulus larvae theoretically transmitted per man per year was calculated. This transmission potential was associated with a microfilariae carrier rate of 63% in the human population. Descriptors arthropod, carrier, epidemiology, Microfilaria, Onchocerca volvulus, onchocerciasis, prevention, Simulium damnosum Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Garms,R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

E-mail