WTS database

Title	Pub Year	Author Sort descending	SearchLink
Explaining the effects of electronic cigarettes on craving for tobacco in recent quitters	2015	Institute of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. Electronic address: Jean-Francois.Etter@unige.ch.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Drug and alcohol dependence Periodical, Abbrev. Drug Alcohol Depend. Pub Date Free Form 1-Mar Volume 148 Issue Start Page 102 Other Pages 108 Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2015; JID: 7513587; 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/10/23 [received]; 2014/12/17 [revised]; 2014/12/20 [accepted]; 2015/01/03 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Ireland ISSN/ISBN 1879-0046; 0376-8716 Accession Number PMID: 25592454 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.12.030 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25592454 Abstract OBJECTIVE: To explore how e-cigarettes attenuate craving for tobacco, in e-cigarette users who recently quit smoking. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey of recent quitters, Internet (French and English), 2012-2014. Participants were 374 daily users of e-cigarettes who had quit smoking in the previous two months, enrolled on websites dedicated to e-cigarettes and to smoking cessation. We measured perception that e-cigarettes attenuate craving for tobacco cigarettes, characteristics of e-cigarettes, modifications of the devices, patterns of e-cigarette use, reasons for use, satisfaction with e-cigarettes, dependence on e-cigarettes, and personal characteristics. RESULTS: The strongest attenuation of craving for tobacco was obtained by using higher nicotine concentrations in refill liquids, modular systems (rather than unmodified devices), and high voltage batteries. The strength of the effect of e-cigarettes on craving was also associated with more intensive use (more puffs per day, more refill liquid). Stronger effects on craving were associated with satisfaction with e-cigarettes, and with reporting that e-cigarettes helped to quit smoking. Participants who reported the strongest effects on craving for tobacco were the most dependent on the e-cigarette and had the strongest urges to vape. CONCLUSIONS: From a public health perspective, there is a trade-off between e-cigarettes that provide high levels of nicotine, high satisfaction and more effects on craving for tobacco, but may also be addictive, and e-cigarettes that contain less nicotine and are less addictive, but are also less satisfactory and less efficient at relieving craving and at helping dependent smokers quit smoking. This trade-off must be kept in mind when regulating e-cigarettes. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier Ireland Ltd Data Source Authors Etter,J.F. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150103 PMCID Editors
Levels of saliva cotinine in electronic cigarette users	2014	Institute of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva 4, Switzerland.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Addiction (Abingdon, England) Periodical, Abbrev. Addiction Pub Date Free Form May Volume 109 Issue 5 Start Page 825 Other Pages 829 Notes LR: 20151119; CI: (c) 2014; JID: 9304118; 0 (Nicotinic Agonists); 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); K5161X06LL (Cotinine); OTO: NOTNLM; 2013/05/23 [received]; 2013/08/13 [revised]; 2013/12/19 [accepted]; 2014/02/21 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1360-0443; 0965-2140 Accession Number PMID: 24401004 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1111/add.12475 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24401004 Abstract AIMS: To assess saliva cotinine levels in experienced users of e-cigarettes ('vapers'). DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: An internet survey in 2011 and 2012, with collection of saliva vials by mail. Participants were 71 users of e-cigarettes enrolled mainly on websites and online forums dedicated to e-cigarettes. MEASUREMENTS: Use of e-cigarettes, tobacco and nicotine medications. Collection of saliva by mail and analysis of cotinine by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. FINDINGS: Most participants (89%) were former smokers, most (92%) were using e-cigarettes daily, had been using e-cigarettes for 12 months on average and puffed a median of 150 times per day on their e-cigarettes [mean = 220 puffs/day, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 169-271]. The median concentration of nicotine in refill liquids was 16 mg/ml (mean = 16.4, 95% CI = 14.5-18.3). In the 62 e-cigarette users who, in the past 5 days, had not used any tobacco or nicotine medications, the median cotinine level was 353 ng/ml (mean = 374, 95% CI = 318-429), the correlation between cotinine and nicotine concentration in e-liquids was r = 0.33 (P = 0.013), and the correlation between cotinine and the number of cigarettes smoked per day before quitting smoking was r = 0.48 (P Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Society for the Study of Addiction Data Source Authors Etter,J.F. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20140221 PMCID Editors
Dependence levels in users of electronic cigarettes, nicotine gums and tobacco cigarettes	2015	Institute of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. Electronic address: Jean-Francois.Etter@unige.ch.; Center for the Study of Tobacco Products, Dept. of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, U	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Drug and alcohol dependence Periodical, Abbrev. Drug Alcohol Depend. Pub Date Free Form 1-Feb Volume 147 Issue Start Page 68 Other Pages 75 Notes LR: 20160701; CI: Copyright (c) 2014; GR: P50 DA036105/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: P50DA036105/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; JID: 7513587; 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); NIHMS797376; OID: NLM: NIHMS797376; OID: NLM: PMC4920051; OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/08/28 [re Place of Publication Ireland ISSN/ISBN 1879-0046; 0376-8716 Accession Number PMID: 25561385 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; IM DOI 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.12.007 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25561385 Abstract OBJECTIVE: To assess dependence levels in users of e-cigarettes, and compare them with dependence levels in users of nicotine gums and tobacco cigarettes. DESIGN: Self-reports from cross-sectional Internet and mail surveys. Comparisons of: (a) 766 daily users of nicotine-containing e-cigarettes with 30 daily users of nicotine-free e-cigarettes; (b) 911 former smokers who used the e-cigarette daily with 451 former smokers who used the nicotine gum daily (but no e-cigarette); (c) 125 daily e-cigarette users who smoked daily (dual users) with two samples of daily smokers who did not use e-cigarettes (2206 enrolled on the Internet and 292 enrolled by mail from the general population of Geneva). We used the Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence, the nicotine dependence syndrome scale, the cigarette dependence scale and versions of these scales adapted for e-cigarettes and nicotine gums. RESULTS: Dependence ratings were slightly higher in users of nicotine-containing e-cigarettes than in users of nicotine-free e-cigarettes. In former smokers, long-term (>3 months) users of e-cigarettes were less dependent on e-cigarettes than long-term users of the nicotine gum were dependent on the gum. There were few differences in dependence ratings between short-term (=3 months) users of gums or e-cigarettes. Dependence on e-cigarettes was generally lower in dual users than dependence on tobacco cigarettes in the two other samples of daily smokers. CONCLUSIONS: Some e-cigarette users were dependent on nicotine-containing e-cigarettes, but these products were less addictive than tobacco cigarettes. E-cigarettes may be as or less addictive than nicotine gums, which themselves are not very addictive. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier Ireland Ltd Data Source Authors Etter,J.F., Eissenberg,T. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20141218 PMCID PMC4920051 Editors
High performance concentration method for viruses in drinking water	2015	Institute of Hydrochemistry, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Technische Universitat Munchen, Marchioninistr. 17, 81377 Munich, Germany.; Institute of Hydrochemistry, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Technische Universitat Munchen, Marchioninistr. 17, 81377 M	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of virological methods Periodical, Abbrev. J.Virol.Methods Pub Date Free Form 15-Sep Volume 222 Issue Start Page 132 Other Pages 137 Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2015; JID: 8005839; 0 (Drinking Water); OTO: NOTNLM; 2015/02/17 [received]; 2015/05/21 [revised]; 2015/06/14 [accepted]; 2015/06/18 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 1879-0984; 0166-0934 Accession Number PMID: 26093027 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.jviromet.2015.06.007 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26093027 Abstract According to the risk assessment of the WHO, highly infectious pathogenic viruses like rotaviruses should not be present in large-volume drinking water samples of up to 90 m(3). On the other hand, quantification methods for viruses are only operable in small volumes, and presently no concentration procedure for processing such large volumes has been reported. Therefore, the aim of this study was to demonstrate a procedure for processing viruses in-line of a drinking water pipeline by ultrafiltration (UF) and consecutive further concentration by monolithic filtration (MF) and centrifugal ultrafiltration (CeUF) of viruses to a final 1-mL sample. For testing this concept, the model virus bacteriophage MS2 was spiked continuously in UF instrumentation. Tap water was processed in volumes between 32.4 m(3) (22 h) and 97.7 m(3) (72 h) continuously either in dead-end (DE) or cross-flow (CF) mode. Best results were found by DE-UF over 22 h. The concentration of MS2 was increased from 4.2x10(4) GU/mL (genomic units per milliliter) to 3.2x10(10) GU/mL and from 71 PFU/mL to 2x10(8) PFU/mL as determined by qRT-PCR and plaque assay, respectively. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier B.V Data Source Authors Kunze,A., Pei,L., Elsasser,D., Niessner,R., Seidel,M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150618 PMCID Editors
Pragia fontium gen. nov., sp. nov. of the family Enterobacteriaceae, isolated from water	1988	Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Prague	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Syst.Bacteriol. Pub Date Free Form 1988/ Volume 38 Issue 2 Start Page 183 Other Pages 189 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0020-7713 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Pragia is proposed as a new genus in the family Enterobacteriaceae. Pragia fontium is proposed for the single Pragia species, in which 18 strains are known, all of which were isolated in Czechoslovakia. P. fontium strains give positive tests for Simmons citrate, H2S production, motility, acid production from D-glucose and D-galactose, and gluconate oxidation. The majority of strains are positive in tests for methyl red and esculin. Acid production from glycerol, salicin, and D-xylose varies among strains, whereas all strains are negative in Voges-Proskauer tests and tests for indole production, urea hydrolysis, phenylalanine deaminase, lysine and ornithine decarboxylases, arginine dihydrolase, gelatin hydrolysis, growth in KCN, malonate utilization, gas production from D-glucose, lipase, deoxyribonuclease, tyrosine clearing, and acid production from carbohydrates other than those noted above. The levels of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) relatedness of seven P. fontium strains to labeled DNA from the type strain ranged from 85 to 94% (hydroxyapatite method at 60 and 75Â°C); the levels of DNA relatedness of P. fontium to other members of the Enterobacteriaceae were 17% or less except for biochemically atypical Budvicia aquatica DRL 23575 (37%). Seventeen P. fontium strains were isolated from wells or water pipes, and one strain was isolated from the stool of a healthy woman. The type strain of P. fontium is strain CNCTC Eb11/82 (= CDC 963-84 = DRL 20125). Descriptors drinking water, DNA hybridization, Enterobacteriaceae, nonhuman, taxonomy Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Aldova,E., Hausner,O., Brenner,D. J., Kocmoud,Z., Schindler,J., Potuznikova,B., Petras,P. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Legionella on board trains: effectiveness of environmental surveillance and decontamination	2012	Institute of Hygiene, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Lgo F, Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full BMC public health Periodical, Abbrev. BMC Public Health Pub Date Free Form 7-Aug Volume 12 Issue Start Page 618 Other Pages 2458-12-618 Notes LR: 20150224; JID: 100968562; OID: NLM: PMC3519711; 2012/01/20 [received]; 2012/07/30 [accepted]; 2012/08/07 [aheadofprint]; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1471-2458; 1471-2458 Accession Number PMID: 22870945 Language eng SubFile Evaluation Studies; Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1186/1471-2458-12-618 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22870945 Abstract BACKGROUND: Legionella pneumophila is increasingly recognised as a significant cause of sporadic and epidemic community-acquired and nosocomial pneumonia. Many studies describe the frequency and severity of Legionella spp. contamination in spa pools, natural pools, hotels and ships, but there is no study analysing the environmental monitoring of Legionella on board trains. The aims of the present study were to conduct periodic and precise environmental surveillance of Legionella spp. in water systems and water tanks that supply the toilet systems on trains, to assess the degree of contamination of such structures and to determine the effectiveness of decontamination. METHODS: A comparative pre-post ecological study was conducted from September 2006 to January 2011. A total of 1,245 water samples were collected from plumbing and toilet water tanks on passenger trains. The prevalence proportion of all positive samples was calculated. The unpaired t-test was performed to evaluate statistically significant differences between the mean load values before and after the decontamination procedures; statistical significance was set at p = 0.05. RESULTS: In the pre-decontamination period, 58% of the water samples were positive for Legionella. Only Legionella pneumophila was identified: 55.84% were serogroup 1, 19.03% were serogroups 2-14 and 25.13% contained both serogroups. The mean bacterial load value was 2.14 x 10(3) CFU/L. During the post-decontamination period, 42.75% of water samples were positive for Legionella spp.; 98.76% were positive for Legionella pneumophila: 74.06% contained serogroup 1, 16.32% contained serogroups 2-14 and 9.62% contained both. The mean bacterial load in the post-decontamination period was 1.72 x 10(3) CFU/L. According to the t-test, there was a statistically significant decrease in total bacterial load until approximately one and a half year after beginning the decontamination programme (p = 0.0097). CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that systematic environmental surveillance could be a useful approach for assessing the risk of exposure to Legionella bacteria, which still represents a public health threat. According to the study results, an environmental surveillance programme, followed by decontamination procedures where necessary, would decrease the total bacterial count, protecting the health of travellers and workers. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Quaranta,G., Vincenti,S., Ferriero,A.M., Boninti,F., Sezzatini,R., Turnaturi,C., Gliubizzi,M.D., Munafo,E., Ceccarelli,G., Causarano,C., Accorsi,M., Del Nord,P., Ricciardi,W., Laurenti,P. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20120807 PMCID PMC3519711 Editors
The distribution and abundance of wetland ichthyofauna, and exploitation of the fisheries in the Godineau Swamp, Trinidad--case study	2005	Institute of Marine Affairs, P.O. BOX 3160, Carenage Post Office, Trinidad, West Indies. hramsundar@ima.gov.tt	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Revista de biologia tropical Periodical, Abbrev. Rev.Biol.Trop. Pub Date Free Form May Volume 53 Suppl 1 Issue Start Page 11 Other Pages 23 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 0404267; 451W47IQ8X (Sodium Chloride); ppublish Place of Publication Costa Rica ISSN/ISBN 0034-7744; 0034-7744 Accession Number PMID: 17465140 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 17465140 Abstract The Godineau (South Oropuche) Swamp (3171 ha) on the southwestern coast of Trinidad (10 degrees l315'N, 61degrees 30-32'W) is heavily impacted by anthropogenic activities including fishing, oil exploration, drainage manipulation and wetland clearance. To reduce the negative effects of these activities and to manage the swamp more sustainably, more quantitative information is needed on the ecology of the wetland and the activities that occur within it. This study focuses on the distribution of the fish resources and exploited fisheries as a basis for more informed management directives. Sampling was conducted during 2002, in April-May (for dry season) and July-September (for wet season sampling). Ichthyofauna was sampled both day and night using trammel nets and a push seine. Fishing activities were assessed using a questionnaire and informal discussions with fishers. The wetland supports over 29 species of fish distributed over the freshwater, estuarine and saline zones (n=1454). Species distribution is seasonal, with evidence of the wetland being used as a spawning ground. Species richness and species diversity (Shannon-Weiner Index) for the wetland ranged over 2-11 and 0.162-0.967, respectively, in the dry season and 2-7 and 0.036-0.903, respectively, in the wet season. Communities inhabiting the saline and estuarine zones of the wetland were dominated by a single species, Hexanematichthvs bonillai. Percent Similarity Indices were 41.8% for freshwater, 72.7% for estuarine and 79.8% for estuarine-saline communities. The commercial species accounted for 18% of total catch sampled and consisted of Centropomus undecimalis, Megalops atlanticus, Hoplosternum littorale, Hoplias malabaricus, Ophioscion punctatissimus and Macrodon ancyclodon. Full-time and part-time fishers, including recreational fishers, accounted for 14.3% and 85.7%, respectively of all fishers surveyed (n=56). A conservative estimate of the revenue earned directly at point of sale for fish and shellfish, is approximately US$43 000 per annum. Fishing is important in the area. Management directives taking into account the ecology of the target organisms are needed to allow these fishing practices to be continued in a sustainable manner. Descriptors Adaptation, Physiological, Animals, Conservation of Natural Resources, Ecology, Environmental Monitoring, Female, Fisheries/economics, Fishes/classification/growth & development, Fresh Water, Male, Population Density, Population Dynamics, Seasons, Sodium Chloride/analysis, Trinidad and Tobago, Wetlands Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Ramsundar,H. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Marine fisheries in Tanzania	2002	Institute of Marine Sciences, University of Dar es Salaam, Zanzibar. jiddawi@ims.udsm.ac.tz	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Ambio Periodical, Abbrev. Ambio Pub Date Free Form Dec Volume 31 Issue 8-Jul Start Page 518 Other Pages 527 Notes LR: 20061115; JID: 0364220; ppublish Place of Publication Sweden ISSN/ISBN 0044-7447; 0044-7447 Accession Number PMID: 12572817 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 12572817 Abstract Fishery resources are a vital source of food and make valuable economic contributions to the local communities involved in fishery activities along the 850 km stretch of the Tanzania coastline and numerous islands. Small-scale artisanal fishery accounts for the majority of fish catch produced by more than 43 000 fishermen in the country, mainly operating in shallow waters within the continental shelf, using traditional fishing vessels including small boats, dhows, canoes, outrigger canoes and dinghys. Various fishing techniques are applied using uncomplicated passive fishing gears such as basket traps, fence traps, nets as well as different hook and line techniques. Species composition and size of the fish varies with gear type and location. More than 500 species of fish are utilized for food with reef fishes being the most important category including emperors, snappers, sweetlips, parrotfish, surgeonfish, rabbitfish, groupers and goatfish. Most of the fish products are used for subsistence purposes. However, some are exported. Destructive fishing methods such as drag nets and dynamite fishing pose a serious problem as they destroy important habitats for fish and other organisms, and there is a long-term trend of overharvested fishery resources. However, fishing pressure varies within the country as fishery resources are utilized in a sustainable manner in some areas. For this report more than 340 references about Tanzanian fishery and fish ecology were covered. There are many gaps in terms of information needed for successful fishery management regarding both basic and applied research. Most research results have been presented as grey literature (57%) with limited distribution; only one-fifth were scientific publications in international journals. Descriptors Animals, Anthozoa, Commerce, Conservation of Natural Resources, Data Collection, Environmental Monitoring, Fisheries, Fishes, Humans, Population Dynamics, Ships, Tanzania Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Jiddawi,N. S., Ohman,M. C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Relation between right-to-left shunts and spinal cord decompression sickness in divers	2009	Institute of Naval Medicine, French Navy, Toulon, France. gempp@voila.fr	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full International Journal of Sports Medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Sports Med. Pub Date Free Form Feb Volume 30 Issue 2 Start Page 150 Other Pages 153 Notes JID: 8008349; EIN: Int J Sports Med. 2009 Feb;30(2):153; 2008/09/04 [epublish]; 2008/09/04 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Germany ISSN/ISBN 0172-4622; 0172-4622 Accession Number PMID: 18773377 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1055/s-2008-1038844 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18773377 Abstract The role of right-to-left shunting (RLS) in spinal cord decompression sickness (DCS) remains uncertain and could differ according to the distribution of lesion in spinal cord with a higher risk of upper spinal cord involvement in divers presenting a large patent foramen ovale. The aims of this study were to assess the prevalence of RLS with transcranial doppler ultrasonography in 49 divers referred for spinal cord DCS and compare it with the prevalence of RLS in 49 diving controls, and to determine a potential relation between RLS and lesion site of spinal cord. The proportion of large RLS was greater in DCS divers than in healthy control divers (odds ratio, 3.6 [95 % CI, 1.3 to 9.5]; p = 0.017). Shunting was not associated with the increased incidence of cervical spinal cord DCS (OR, 1.1 [95 % CI, 0.3 to 3.9]; p = 0.9) while a significant relationship between large RLS and spinal cord DCS with thoracolumbar involvement was demonstrated (OR, 6.9 [95 % CI, 2.3 to 20.4]; p < 0.001). From the above results, we conclude that the risk of spinal cord DCS in divers with hemodynamically relevant RLS is higher than in divers without RLS, particularly in their lower localization. Descriptors Case-Control Studies, Cervical Vertebrae/pathology, Confidence Intervals, Decompression Sickness/epidemiology/etiology/ultrasonography, Diving/adverse effects, Female, Foramen Ovale, Patent/complications/epidemiology, France/epidemiology, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Odds Ratio, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Spinal Cord/pathology/ultrasonography, Spinal Cord Diseases/epidemiology/etiology/ultrasonography Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Gempp,E., Blatteau,J. E., Stephant,E., Louge,P. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20080904 PMCID Editors
Education Against Tobacco (EAT): a quasi-experimental prospective evaluation of a programme for preventing smoking in secondary schools delivered by medical students: a study protocol	2014	Institute of Occupational Medicine, Social Medicine and Environmental Medicine, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany.; Institute of Medical Sociology, Charite University Medicine, Berlin, Germany.; University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), M	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full BMJ open Periodical, Abbrev. BMJ Open Pub Date Free Form 24-Jul Volume 4 Issue 7 Start Page e004909 Other Pages 2014-004909 Notes CI: Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.; JID: 101552874; OID: NLM: PMC4120302; OTO: NOTNLM; GN: NLM: Origina Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 2044-6055; 2044-6055 Accession Number PMID: 25059969 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-004909 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25059969 Abstract INTRODUCTION: A survey conducted by the German Federal Centre for Health Education in 2012 showed that 35.2% of all young adults (18-25 years) and 12.0% of all adolescents (12-17 years) in Germany are regular cigarette smokers. Most smoked their first cigarette in early adolescence. We recently reported a significantly positive short-term effect of a physician-delivered school-based smoking prevention programme on the smoking behaviour of schoolchildren in Germany. However, physician-based programmes are usually very expensive. Therefore, we will evaluate and optimise Education against Tobacco (EAT), a widespread, low-cost programme delivered by about 400 medical students from 16 universities in Germany. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: A prospective quasi-experimental study design with two measurements at baseline (t1) and 6 months post-intervention (t2) to investigate an intervention in 10-15-year-olds in grades 6-8 at German secondary schools. The intervention programme consists of two 60-min school-based medical-student-delivered modules with (module 1) and without the involvement of patients with tobacco-related diseases and control groups (no intervention). The study questionnaire measuring smoking status (water pipe and cigarette smoking), smoking-related cognitions, and gender, social and cultural aspects was designed and pre-tested in advance. The primary end point is the prevalence of smokers and non-smokers in the two study arms at 6 months after the intervention. The percentage of former smokers and new smokers in the two groups and the measures of smoking behaviour will be studied as secondary outcome measures. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: In accordance with Good Epidemiologic Practice (GEP) guidelines, the study protocol was submitted for approval by the responsible ethics committee, which decided that the study does not need ethical approval (Goethe University, Frankfurt-Main, Germany). Findings will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals, at conferences, within our scientific advisory board and through medical students within the EAT project. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Brinker,T.J., Stamm-Balderjahn,S., Seeger,W., Groneberg,D.A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20140724 PMCID PMC4120302 Editors

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