WTS database

Title Sort descending	Pub Year	Author	SearchLink
Properties of the Cigarette Dependence Scale and the Fagerstrom Test of Nicotine Dependence in a representative sample of smokers in Norway	2008	Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Medical Division, Akershus University Hospital, Lorenskog, Norway. knut.stavem@klinmed.uio.no	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Addiction (Abingdon, England) Periodical, Abbrev. Addiction Pub Date Free Form Sep Volume 103 Issue 9 Start Page 1441 Other Pages 1449 Notes JID: 9304118; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 0965-2140; 0965-2140 Accession Number PMID: 18783499 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2008.02278.x [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18783499 Abstract AIMS: To compare the properties of four measures of dependence to nicotine/tobacco, the 12-item Cigarette Dependence Scale (CDS-12), the six-item Fagerstrom Test of Nicotine Dependence (FTND) and two shorter versions of the same measures. METHODS: In a cross-sectional telephone survey of smokers in a representative general population sample in Norway, we compared the measures. We assessed (i) internal consistency reliability with Cronbach's alpha; (ii) compared item scores; and (iii) tested the validity of the questionnaires. Test-retest reliability was assessed in a smaller convenience sample. RESULTS: Among 1265 respondents (64%), 290 (23%) were daily smokers and included in further analysis. Their mean age was 42 years [standard deviation (SD) 15] and 46% were female. They smoked on average 13 cigarettes per day (SD 6). Internal consistency reliability was 0.61 for the FTND (n = 267) and 0.81 for the CDS-12 (n = 266). Score distributions suggested a floor effect for the FTND. Test-retest reliability was 0.90 for the FTND and 0.97 for the CDS-12 (n = 31). The correlation between the scale scores and a question about the maximum willingness to pay for a cigarette after not smoking all day was 0.36 (P < 0.001) for the FTND (n = 262) and 0.45 (P < 0.001) for the CDS-12 (n = 263). There was little difference in the associations of the two scales or their abbreviated versions with external variables. CONCLUSIONS: Telephone administration was acceptable for both questionnaires, and we have established population reference values for the four scales. The questionnaires were associated with each other and showed similar properties. The findings support the construct validity of the scales. Descriptors Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Health Surveys, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Norway/epidemiology, Personality Inventory/statistics & numerical data, Psychometrics/statistics & numerical data, Reproducibility of Results, Smoking/psychology, Smoking Cessation/psychology, Telephone, Tobacco Use Disorder/diagnosis/epidemiology/psychology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Stavem,K., Rogeberg,O. J., Olsen,J. A., Boe,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Prospective evaluation of the prevalence of gastric Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with GERD, Barrett's esophagus, Barrett's dysplasia, and Barrett's adenocarcinoma	2000	Veterans Administration Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri, 64128, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The American Journal of Gastroenterology Periodical, Abbrev. Am.J.Gastroenterol. Pub Date Free Form Feb Volume 95 Issue 2 Start Page 387 Other Pages 394 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 0421030; 0 (Coloring Agents); 0 (Enzyme Inhibitors); 0 (Proton Pump Inhibitors); ppublish Place of Publication UNITED STATES ISSN/ISBN 0002-9270; 0002-9270 Accession Number PMID: 10685740 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; IM DOI S0002-9270(99)00817-5 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 10685740 Abstract OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to prospectively determine the prevalence of gastric H. pylori infection in Barrett's esophagus and Barrett's complicated by dysplasia or adenocarcinoma. METHODS: The prevalence of H. pylori was determined in Barrett's esophagus patients compared to a control population of patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) only. All patients had a minimum of 10 gastric surveillance biopsies obtained. H. pylori colonization was determined upon the basis of hematoxylin and eosin and use of a modified Giemsa and or Steiner's silver stain of all gastric biopsy specimens. RESULTS: Two hundred and eighty-nine Barrett's patients and 217 GERD control patients were included in the study. H. pylori was found in 95/289 (32.9%) of the Barrett's patients, compared with 96/217 (44.2%) of the GERD controls (NS). Forty-seven of the Barrett's patients had low-grade dysplasia/indefinite dysplasia, 14 high-grade dysplasia, and 20 Barrett's adenocarcinoma. When Barrett's was subgrouped according to absence of dysplasia, and presence of low-grade dysplasia, high-grade dysplasia, or adenocarcinoma, H. pylori prevalence was found to be significantly less for patients with Barrett's high-grade dysplasia (14.3%) and adenocarcinoma (15.0%) versus patients with GERD alone (44.2%), Barrett's alone (35.1%), or Barrett's with low-grade dysplasia (36.2%) (p = 0.016). This difference could not be explained by differences between Barrett's esophagus patients infected with H. pylori and those who were not with respect to gender, smoking history, alcohol consumption, use of proton pump inhibitor, or length of Barrett's mucosa. CONCLUSIONS: Barrett's high-grade dysplasia and adenocarcinoma are significantly more prevalent in patients who are not infected with H. pylori. H. pylori appears to have a protective effect against the development of Barrett's adenocarcinoma. Descriptors Adenocarcinoma/epidemiology/microbiology, Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology, Analysis of Variance, Barrett Esophagus/epidemiology/microbiology/pathology, Biopsy, Chi-Square Distribution, Coloring Agents, Enzyme Inhibitors/therapeutic use, Esophageal Neoplasms/epidemiology/microbiology, Esophagoscopy, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Gastroesophageal Reflux/drug therapy/epidemiology/microbiology, Helicobacter Infections/epidemiology, Helicobacter pylori/growth & development, Humans, Kansas/epidemiology, Male, Middle Aged, Prevalence, Prospective Studies, Proton Pump Inhibitors, Smoking/epidemiology, Stomach Diseases/epidemiology/microbiology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Weston,A. P., Badr,A. S., Topalovski,M., Cherian,R., Dixon,A., Hassanein,R. S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Prospective Predictors of Novel Tobacco and Nicotine Product Use in Emerging Adulthood	2015	Oregon Research Institute, Eugene, Oregon. Electronic address: sarah@ori.org.; Oregon Research Institute, Eugene, Oregon.; Oregon Research Institute, Eugene, Oregon.; Oregon Research Institute, Eugene, Oregon.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine Periodical, Abbrev. J.Adolesc.Health Pub Date Free Form Aug Volume 57 Issue 2 Start Page 186 Other Pages 191 Notes LR: 20160801; CI: Copyright (c) 2015; GR: DA010767-14S2/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 DA010767/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01DA10767/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9102136; 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); NIHMS685766; OID: NLM: NIHMS685766; O Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1879-1972; 1054-139X Accession Number PMID: 26206439 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; IM DOI 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2015.04.015 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26206439 Abstract PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether risk factors for cigarette smoking assessed in adolescence predict the use of novel tobacco and nicotine products (hookah, little cigars, and e-cigarettes) in early emerging adulthood. METHODS: In a longitudinal study (N = 862), risk factors were measured in middle and high school, and novel product use was measured in emerging adulthood (mean age 22.4 years). Structural equation modeling was used to test a model predicting lifetime use of any of hookah, little cigars, and e-cigarettes in early emerging adulthood from distal predictors (gender, maternal smoking through Grade 8; already tried alcohol, cigarettes, or marijuana by Grade 8; and sensation seeking at Grade 8) and potential mediators (intentions to smoke cigarettes, drink alcohol or smoke marijuana at Grade 9, and smoking trajectory across high school). RESULTS: The most prevalent novel tobacco product was hookah (21.7%), followed by little cigars (16.8%) and e-cigarettes (6.6%). Maternal smoking, having already tried substances, and sensation seeking each predicted the use of at least one of these products via an indirect path through intentions to use substances and membership in a high-school smoking trajectory. CONCLUSIONS: Risk factors for cigarette smoking were found to predict novel tobacco use, suggesting that interventions to prevent cigarette smoking could be extended to include common novel tobacco products. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc Data Source Authors Hampson,S.E., Andrews,J.A., Severson,H.H., Barckley,M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID PMC4514910 Editors
Prospective predictors of quitting behaviours among adult smokers in six cities in China: findings from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) China Survey	2011	VicHealth Centre for Tobacco Control, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia. lin.li@cancervic.org.au	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Addiction (Abingdon, England) Periodical, Abbrev. Addiction Pub Date Free Form Jul Volume 106 Issue 7 Start Page 1335 Other Pages 1345 Notes LR: 20150204; CI: (c) 2011 The Authors, Addiction (c) 2011; GR: 57897/Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada; GR: 79551/Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada; GR: C312/A3726/Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom; GR: P50 CA111236/CA/NCI NIH HHS Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1360-0443; 0965-2140 Accession Number PMID: 21438942 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2011.03444.x [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 21438942 Abstract AIMS: To examine predictors of quitting behaviours among adult smokers in China, in light of existing knowledge from previous research in four western countries and two southeast Asian countries. DESIGN: Face-to-face interviews were carried out with smokers in 2006 using the International Tobacco Control (ITC) China Survey, with follow-up about 16 months later. A stratified multi-stage cluster sampling design was employed. SETTING: Beijing and five other cities in China. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 4732 smokers were first surveyed in 2006. Of these, 3863 were re-contacted in 2007, with a retention rate of 81.6%. MEASUREMENTS: Baseline measures of socio-demographics, dependence and interest in quitting were used prospectively to predict both making quit attempts and staying quit among those who attempted. FINDINGS: Overall, 25.3% Chinese smokers reported having made at least one quit attempt between waves 1 and 2; of these, 21.7% were still stopped at wave 2. Independent predictors of making quit attempts included having higher quitting self-efficacy, previous quit attempts, more immediate intentions to quit, longer time to first cigarette upon waking, negative opinion of smoking and having smoking restrictions at home. Independent predictors of staying quit were being older, having longer previous abstinence from smoking and having more immediate quitting intentions. CONCLUSIONS: Predictors of Chinese smokers' quitting behaviours are somewhat different to those found in previous research from other countries. Nicotine dependence and self-efficacy seem to be more important for attempts than for staying quit in China, and quitting intentions are related to both attempts and staying quit. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Society for the Study of Addiction Data Source Authors Li,L., Feng,G., Jiang,Y., Yong,H.H., Borland,R., Fong,G.T. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20110527 PMCID PMC3107915 Editors
Prospective study of effect of switching from cigarettes to pipes or cigars on mortality from three smoking related diseases	1997	Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, St Bartholomew's, London.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full BMJ (Clinical research ed.) Periodical, Abbrev. BMJ Pub Date Free Form 28-Jun Volume 314 Issue 7098 Start Page 1860 Other Pages 1863 Notes LR: 20081120; JID: 8900488; 9061-29-4 (Carboxyhemoglobin); CIN: ACP J Club. 1998 Jan-Feb;128(1):18; CIN: BMJ. 1998 Mar 14;316(7134):862. PMID: 9549471; CIN: BMJ. 1998 Mar 14;316(7134):862; author reply 863-4. PMID: 9549472; CIN: BMJ. 1998 Mar 14;316(7134) Place of Publication ENGLAND ISSN/ISBN 0959-8138; 0959-535X Accession Number PMID: 9224127 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; AIM; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 9224127 Abstract OBJECTIVE: To estimate the extent to which cigarette smokers who switch to cigars or pipes alter their risk of dying of three-smoking related diseases-lung cancer, ischaemic heart disease, and chronic obstructive lung disease. DESIGN: A prospective study of 21520 men aged 35-64 years when recruited in 1975-82 with detailed history of smoking and measurement of carboxyhaemoglobin. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Notification of deaths (to 1993) classified by cause. RESULTS: Pipe and cigar smokers who had switched from cigarettes over 20 years before entry to the study smoked less tobacco than cigarette smokers (8.1 g/day v 20 g/day), but they had the same consumption as pipe and cigar smokers who had never smoked cigarettes (8.1 g) and had higher carboxyhaemoglobin saturations (1.2% v 1.0%, P < 0.001), indicating that they inhaled tobacco smoke to a greater extent. They had a 51% higher risk of dying of the three smoking related diseases than pipe or cigar smokers who had never smoked cigarettes (relative risk 1.51; 95% confidence interval 0.96 to 2.38), a 68% higher risk than lifelong non-smokers (1.68; 1.16 to 2.45), a 57% higher risk than former cigarette smokers who gave up smoking over 20 years before entry (1.57; 1.04 to 2.38), and a 46% lower risk than continuing cigarette smokers (0.54; 0.38 to 0.77). CONCLUSION: Cigarette smokers who have difficulty in giving up smoking altogether are better off changing to cigars or pipes than continuing to smoke cigarettes. Much of the effect is due to the reduction in the quantity of tobacco smoked, and some is due to inhaling less. Men who switch do not, however, achieve the lower risk of pipe and cigar smokers who have never smoked cigarettes. All pipe and cigar smokers have a greater risk of lung cancer than lifelong non-smokers or former smokers. Descriptors Adult, Carboxyhemoglobin/analysis, Choice Behavior, Humans, Lung Diseases, Obstructive/mortality, Lung Neoplasms/mortality, Male, Middle Aged, Myocardial Ischemia/mortality, Prospective Studies, Risk Assessment, Risk Factors, Smoking/mortality/psychology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Wald,N. J., Watt,H. C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID PMC2126967 Editors
Prospective study of risk factors for esophageal and gastric cancers in the Linxian General Population Trial cohort in China	2005	Taylor, P.R., Cancer Prevention Studies Branch, NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892-8314, United States	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full International Journal of Cancer Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Cancer Pub Date Free Form 2005/01 Volume 113 Issue 3 Start Page 456 Other Pages 463 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0020-7136 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Esophageal cancer incidence and mortality rates in Linxian, China are among the highest in the world. We examined risk factors for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), gastric cardia cancer (GCC), and gastric noncardia cancer (GNCC) in a population-based, prospective study of 29,584 adults who participated in the Linxian General Population Trial. All study participants completed a baseline questionnaire that included questions on demographic characteristics, personal and family history of disease, and lifestyle factors. After 15 years of follow-up, a total of 3,410 incident upper gastrointestinal cancers were identified, including 1,958 ESCC, 1,089 GCC and 363 GNCC. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate risks. Increased age and a positive family history of esophageal cancer (including ESCC or GCC) were significantly associated with risk at all 3 cancer sites. Additional risk factors for ESCC included being born in Linxian, increased height, cigarette smoking and pipe smoking; for GCC, male gender, consumption of moldy breads and pipe smoking; and for GNCC, male gender and cigarette smoking. Protective factors for ESCC included formal education, water piped into the home, increased consumption of meat, eggs and fresh fruits and increased BMI; for GCC, formal education, water piped into the home, increased consumption of eggs and fresh fruits and alcohol consumption; and for GNCC, increased weight and BMI. General socioeconomic status (SES) is a common denominator in many of these factors and improving SES is a promising approach for reducing the tremendous burden of upper gastrointestinal cancers in Linxian. Descriptors adult, aged, alcohol consumption, article, body mass, bread, cancer localization, cancer mortality, cancer risk, China, smoking, education, egg, esophagus cancer, family history, female, follow up, food intake, fruit, gender, height, human, incidence, lifestyle, major clinical study, male, meat, population research, priority journal, prospective study, questionnaire, risk factor, socioeconomics, stomach cancer, vegetable, water supply Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Tran,G. D., Sun,X. -D, Abnet,C. C., Fan,J. -H, Dawsey,S. M., Dong,Z. -W, Mark,S. D., Qiao,Y. -L, Taylor,P. R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Protecting the world from secondhand tobacco smoke exposure: where do we stand and where do we go from here?	2013	Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. barnoyaj@wudosis.wustl.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Apr Volume 15 Issue 4 Start Page 789 Other Pages 804 Notes LR: 20150222; GR: HHSN261201100185P/PHS HHS/United States; GR: R03CA153959/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9815751; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); OID: NLM: PMC3601911; 2012/10/15 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-994X; 1462-2203 Accession Number PMID: 23072872 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review; IM DOI 10.1093/ntr/nts200 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23072872 Abstract INTRODUCTION: Article 8 of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control mandates all signatory countries to "protect citizens from exposure to tobacco smoke in workplaces, public transport and indoor public places." Even though there has been great progress in the implementation of Article 8, still most of the world population remains exposed to secondhand smoke (SHS). In this article, we sought to summarize the research that supports Article 8, where do we stand, and current research gaps and future directions. DISCUSSION: Secondhand smoke is an established cause of heart disease and several types of cancer. Additional research is needed to reach final conclusions for diseases where evidence is only suggestive of causality. The only solution to SHS exposure in public places is banning smoking indoors. Research on the gaming industry and nightclubs, particularly in developing countries, needs to be disseminated to support their inclusion in smoke-free laws. Aside from indoor bans, additional research is needed for outdoor and multiunit housing bans and in support of measures that protect children and other vulnerable populations. The impact of smoke-free laws on other health outcomes, besides heart disease and respiratory outcomes, is another area where further research is needed. Thirdhand smoke assessment and health effects are also likely to be a topic of further research. As new tobacco products emerge, evaluating SHS exposure and effects will be vital. CONCLUSIONS: Furthering research in support of Article 8 can contribute to reach the final goal of protecting everyone from SHS exposure. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Barnoya,J., Navas-Acien,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20121015 PMCID PMC3601911 Editors
Protobacco Media Exposure and Youth Susceptibility to Smoking Cigarettes, Cigarette Experimentation, and Current Tobacco Use among US Youth	2015	Office on Smoking and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, N.E., MS F-79, Atlanta, Georgia, 30341, United States of America.; Center for AIDS Prevention Studies (CAPS), Department of Medicine, University of California S	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full PloS one Periodical, Abbrev. PLoS One Pub Date Free Form 26-Aug Volume 10 Issue 8 Start Page e0134734 Other Pages Notes LR: 20150902; JID: 101285081; OID: NLM: PMC4550466; 2015 [ecollection]; 2015/03/27 [received]; 2015/07/13 [accepted]; 2015/08/26 [epublish]; epublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1932-6203; 1932-6203 Accession Number PMID: 26308217 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0134734 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26308217 Abstract PURPOSE: Youth are exposed to many types of protobacco influences, including smoking in movies, which has been shown to cause initiation. This study investigates associations between different channels of protobacco media and susceptibility to smoking cigarettes, cigarette experimentation, and current tobacco use among US middle and high school students. METHODS: By using data from the 2012 National Youth Tobacco Survey, structural equation modeling was performed in 2013. The analyses examined exposure to tobacco use in different channels of protobacco media on smoking susceptibility, experimentation, and current tobacco use, accounting for perceived peer tobacco use. RESULTS: In 2012, 27.9% of respondents were never-smokers who reported being susceptible to trying cigarette smoking. Cigarette experimentation increased from 6.3% in 6th grade to 37.1% in 12th grade. Likewise, current tobacco use increased from 5.2% in 6th grade to 33.2% in 12th grade. Structural equation modeling supported a model in which current tobacco use is associated with exposure to static advertising through perception of peer use, and by exposure to tobacco use depicted on TV and in movies, both directly and through perception of peer use. Exposure to static advertising appears to directly increase smoking susceptibility but indirectly (through increased perceptions of peer use) to increase cigarette experimentation. Models that explicitly incorporate peer use as a mediator can better discern the direct and indirect effects of exposure to static advertising on youth tobacco use initiation. CONCLUSIONS: These findings underscore the importance of reducing youth exposure to smoking in TV, movies, and static advertising. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Fulmer,E.B., Neilands,T.B., Dube,S.R., Kuiper,N.M., Arrazola,R.A., Glantz,S.A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150826 PMCID PMC4550466 Editors
Provisional report on diving-related fatalities in Australian waters 2001	2006	Walker, D., 'Project Stickybeak', Collaroy, NSW 2097, Australia	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Diving Hyperbaric Med. Pub Date Free Form 2006/09 Volume 36 Issue 3 Start Page 122 Other Pages 138 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1833-3516 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract During 2001, 12 deaths in association with breath-hold and snorkel use were identified in Australia from official sources. There were also 11 fatalities in association with scuba use, and three where surface-supply air was involved. Case summaries are presented with attention to the medical, equipment and diver performance factors. Significant adverse factors are identified and discussed for each of the groups, with comments on possibilities for reducing the number of fatalities that occur. As in previous years, the scenarios and avoidable factors are diverse. Of particular note, all three of the 'hookah' deaths were due to carbon monoxide poisonin. Descriptors carbon monoxide, accidental death, adult, aged, article, Australia, brain embolism, breath holding, carbon monoxide intoxication, cause of death, clinical article, diver, diving, drowning, female, gas embolism, heart infarction, human, hyperbaric oxygen, male, mortality, risk reduction Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Walker,D. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Psychiatric comorbidity in adolescent electronic and conventional cigarette use	2016	Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, USA. Electronic address: adam.leventhal@usc.edu.; Department of Family Medicine and Public Hea	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of psychiatric research Periodical, Abbrev. J.Psychiatr.Res. Pub Date Free Form Feb Volume 73 Issue Start Page 71 Other Pages 78 Notes LR: 20160204; CI: Copyright (c) 2015; GR: R01 DA033296/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01-DA033296/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; JID: 0376331; NIHMS745006; OID: NLM: NIHMS745006 [Available on 02/01/17]; OID: NLM: PMC4738156 [Available on 02/01/17]; O Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1879-1379; 0022-3956 Accession Number PMID: 26688438 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2015.11.008 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26688438 Abstract The popularity of electronic (e-) cigarettes has greatly increased recently, particularly in adolescents. However, the extent of psychiatric comorbidity with adolescent e-cigarette use and dual use of conventional (combustible) and e-cigarettes is unknown. This study characterized psychiatric comorbidity in adolescent conventional and e-cigarette use. Ninth grade students attending high schools in Los Angeles, CA (M age = 14) completed self-report measures of conventional/e-cigarette use, emotional disorders, substance use/problems, and transdiagnostic psychiatric phenotypes consistent with the NIMH-Research Domain Criteria Initiative. Outcomes were compared by lifetime use of: (1) neither conventional nor e-cigarettes (non-use; N = 2557, 77.3%); (2) e-cigarettes only (N = 412, 12.4%); (3) conventional cigarettes only (N = 152, 4.6%); and (4) conventional and e-cigarettes (dual use; N = 189, 5.6%). In comparison to adolescents who used conventional cigarettes only, e-cigarette only users reported lower levels of internalizing syndromes (depression, generalized anxiety, panic, social phobia, and obsessive-compulsive disorder) and transdiagnostic phenotypes (i.e., distress intolerance, anxiety sensitivity, rash action during negative affect). Depression, panic disorder, and anhedonia were higher in e-cigarette only vs. non-users. For several externalizing outcomes (mania, rash action during positive affect, alcohol drug use/abuse) and anhedonia, an ordered pattern was observed, whereby comorbidity was lowest in non-users, moderate in single product users (conventional or e-cigarette), and highest in dual users. These findings: (1) raise question of whether emotionally-healthier ('lower-risk') adolescents who are not interested in conventional cigarettes are being attracted to e-cigarettes; (2) indicate that research, intervention, and policy dedicated to adolescent tobacco-psychiatric comorbidity should distinguish conventional cigarette, e-cigarette, and dual use. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier Ltd Data Source Authors Leventhal,A.M., Strong,D.R., Sussman,S., Kirkpatrick,M.G., Unger,J.B., Barrington-Trimis,J.L., Audrain-McGovern,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20151122 PMCID PMC4738156 Editors

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