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WTS Database
The subject of interest is:
waterpipe, water-pipe, nargile, narghile, arguileh, arguile, shisha, sheesha, chichi, hubble bubble, hubbly bubbly, goza, hookah, bong
| Title | Pub Year Sort descending | Author | SearchLink |
|---|---|---|---|
| Transmission dynamics and control of Ebola virus disease outbreak in Nigeria, July to September 2014 | 2014 | Department of Production Animal Studies, University of Pretoria, South Africa. | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin
Periodical, Abbrev.
Euro Surveill.
Pub Date Free Form
9-Oct
Volume
19
Issue
40
Start Page
20920
Other Pages
Notes
LR: 20160115; GR: 1318788/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom; GR: BB/M008894/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom; JID: 100887452; CIN: Euro Surveill. 2015;20(17). pii: 21106. PMID: 259
Place of Publication
Sweden
ISSN/ISBN
1560-7917; 1025-496X
Accession Number
PMID: 25323076
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; IM
DOI
20920 [pii]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
25323076
Abstract
We analyse up-to-date epidemiological data of the Ebola virus disease outbreak in Nigeria as of 1 October 2014 in order to estimate the case fatality rate, the proportion of healthcare workers infected and the transmission tree. We also model the impact of control interventions on the size of the epidemic. Results indicate that Nigeria's quick and forceful implementation of control interventions was determinant in controlling the outbreak rapidly and avoiding a far worse scenario in this country.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Fasina,F.O., Shittu,A., Lazarus,D., Tomori,O., Simonsen,L., Viboud,C., Chowell,G.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20141009
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Paradoxical antifungal activity and structural observations in biofilms formed by echinocandin-resistant Candida albicans clinical isolates | 2014 | University of New Mexico Health Science Center, Albuquerque. | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Medical mycology
Periodical, Abbrev.
Med.Mycol.
Pub Date Free Form
Feb
Volume
52
Issue
2
Start Page
131
Other Pages
139
Notes
GR: T32 AI007538/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9815835; 0 (Antifungal Agents); 0 (Echinocandins); 0 (Lipopeptides); 0 (Membrane Proteins); 0 (Mutant Proteins); 9HLM53094I (anidulafungin); EC 2.4.1.- (Glucosyltransferases); F0XDI6ZL63 (caspofungin);
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1460-2709; 1369-3786
Accession Number
PMID: 24576999
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; IM
DOI
10.1093/mmy/myt007 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
24576999
Abstract
Echinocandin-resistant clinical isolates of Candida albicans have been reported, and key-hot spot mutations in the FKS1 gene, which encodes a major glucan synthase subunit, have been identified in these (caspofungin-resistant [CAS-R]) strains. Although these mutations result in phenotypic resistance to echinocandins in planktonic cells, there is little data on antifungal susceptibilities of CAS-R C. albicans strains within biofilms. Thus, we analyzed biofilms formed by 12 C. albicans CAS-R clinical strains in which we previously identified FKS1 hot-spot mutations and compared the sessile antifungal and paradoxical activity of anidulafungin (ANID), caspofungin (CAS), and micafungin (MICA). Biofilms were formed in a 96-well static microplate model and assayed using both tetrazolium-salt reduction and crystal violet assays, as well as examination by scanning electron microscopy. We first sought to assess biofilm formation and structure in these fks1 mutants and found that the biofilm mass and metabolic activities were reduced in most of the fks1 mutants as compared with reference strain SC5314. Structural analyses revealed that the fks1 mutant biofilms were generally less dense and had a clear predominance of yeast and pseudohyphae, with unusual "pit"-like cell surface structures. We also noted that sessile minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) to ANID, CAS, and MICA were higher than planktonic MICs of all but one strain. The majority of strains demonstrated a paradoxical effect (PE) to particular echinocandins, in either planktonic or sessile forms. Overall, biofilms formed by echinocandin-resistant clinical isolates demonstrated varied PEs to echinocandins and were structurally characterized by a preponderance of yeast, pseudohyphae, and pit-like structures.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Walraven,C.J., Bernardo,S.M., Wiederhold,N.P., Lee,S.A.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20131222
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Characterization of lactic acid bacteria isolated from artisanal Travnik young cheeses, sweet creams and sweet kajmaks over four seasons | 2014 | University of Belgrade, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, Vojvode Stepe 444a, P.O. Box 23, 11010 Belgrade, Serbia. Electronic address: amarela@imgge.bg.ac.rs.; University of Belgrade, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engi | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Food Microbiology
Periodical, Abbrev.
Food Microbiol.
Pub Date Free Form
May
Volume
39
Issue
Start Page
27
Other Pages
38
Notes
CI: Copyright (c) 2013; JID: 8601127; 33X04XA5AT (Lactic Acid); OTO: NOTNLM; 2013/02/16 [received]; 2013/10/07 [revised]; 2013/10/30 [accepted]; 2013/11/13 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1095-9998; 0740-0020
Accession Number
PMID: 24387849
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.fm.2013.10.011 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
24387849
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the composition of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in autochthonous young cheeses, sweet creams and sweet kajmaks produced in the Vlasic mountain region of central Bosnia and Herzegovina near the town of Travnik over a four season period. These three products were made from cow's milk by a traditional method without the addition of a starter culture. Preliminary characterization with phenotype-based assays and identification using rep-PCR with a (GTG)5 primer and 16S rDNA sequence analysis were undertaken for 460 LAB isolates obtained from all the examined samples. Fifteen species were identified as follows: Lactococcus lactis, Lactococcus raffinolactis, Lactococcus garviae, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus helveticus, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus durans, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus italicus, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides, Leuconostoc lactis, Streptococcus thermophilus and Streptococcus mitis. A wide genotypic and phenotypic heterogeneity of the species was observed, particularly within the Lc. lactis strains. In all of the tested dairy products across four seasons, a significantly positive correlation (r = 0.690) between the presence of lactococci and enterococci and a negative correlation (r = 0.722) between the presence of lactococci and leuconostocs were recorded. Forty-five percent of the lactobacilli and 54.4% of the lactococci exhibited proteolytic activity, whereas 18.7% of the total LAB isolates exhibited antimicrobial activity.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Elsevier Ltd
Data Source
Authors
Terzic-Vidojevic,A., Mihajlovic,S., Uzelac,G., Veljovic,K., Tolinacki,M., Nikolic,M., Topisirovic,L., Kojic,M.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20131113
PMCID
Editors
|
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| Green aspects, developments and perspectives of liquid phase microextraction techniques | 2014 | Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Narutowicza Street 11/12, Gdansk 80-233, Poland.; Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Narutowicza Street 11/1 | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Talanta
Periodical, Abbrev.
Talanta
Pub Date Free Form
Feb
Volume
119
Issue
Start Page
34
Other Pages
45
Notes
CI: (c) 2013; JID: 2984816R; 0 (Solutions); 0 (Solvents); OTO: NOTNLM; 2013/10/01 [received]; 2013/10/21 [revised]; 2013/10/22 [accepted]; 2013/10/29 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
Netherlands
ISSN/ISBN
1873-3573; 0039-9140
Accession Number
PMID: 24401382
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.talanta.2013.10.050 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
24401382
Abstract
Determination of analytes at trace levels in complex samples (e.g. biological or contaminated water or soils) are often required for the environmental assessment and monitoring as well as for scientific research in the field of environmental pollution. A limited number of analytical techniques are sensitive enough for the direct determination of trace components in samples and, because of that, a preliminary step of the analyte isolation/enrichment prior to analysis is required in many cases. In this work the newest trends and innovations in liquid phase microextraction, like: single-drop microextraction (SDME), hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction (HF-LPME), and dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) have been discussed, including their critical evaluation and possible application in analytical practice. The described modifications of extraction techniques deal with system miniaturization and/or automation, the use of ultrasound and physical agitation, and electrochemical methods. Particular attention was given to pro-ecological aspects therefore the possible use of novel, non-toxic extracting agents, inter alia, ionic liquids, coacervates, surfactant solutions and reverse micelles in the liquid phase microextraction techniques has been evaluated in depth. Also, new methodological solutions and the related instruments and devices for the efficient liquid phase micoextraction of analytes, which have found application at the stage of procedure prior to chromatographic determination, are presented.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Published by Elsevier B.V
Data Source
Authors
Spietelun,A., Marcinkowski,L., de la Guardia,M., Namiesnik,J.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20131029
PMCID
Editors
|
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| Neurology and diving | 2014 | Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA. Electronic address: masse010@mc.duke.edu.; Departments of Anesthesiology and Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA. | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Handbook of clinical neurology
Periodical, Abbrev.
Handb.Clin.Neurol.
Pub Date Free Form
Volume
120
Issue
Start Page
959
Other Pages
969
Notes
CI: (c) 2014; JID: 0166161; OTO: NOTNLM; ppublish
Place of Publication
Netherlands
ISSN/ISBN
0072-9752; 0072-9752
Accession Number
PMID: 24365363
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Review; IM
DOI
10.1016/B978-0-7020-4087-0.00063-2 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
24365363
Abstract
Diving exposes a person to the combined effects of increased ambient pressure and immersion. The reduction in pressure when surfacing can precipitate decompression sickness (DCS), caused by bubble formation within tissues due to inert gas supersaturation. Arterial gas embolism (AGE) can also occur due to pulmonary barotrauma as a result of breath holding during ascent or gas trapping due to disease, causing lung hyperexpansion, rupture and direct entry of alveolar gas into the blood. Bubble disease due to either DCS or AGE is collectively known as decompression illness. Tissue and intravascular bubbles can induce a cascade of events resulting in CNS injury. Manifestations of decompression illness can vary in severity, from mild (paresthesias, joint pains, fatigue) to severe (vertigo, hearing loss, paraplegia, quadriplegia). Particularly as these conditions are uncommon, early recognition is essential to provide appropriate management, consisting of first aid oxygen, targeted fluid resuscitation and hyperbaric oxygen, which is the definitive treatment. Less common neurologic conditions that do not require hyperbaric oxygen include rupture of a labyrinthine window due to inadequate equalization of middle ear pressure during descent, which can precipitate vertigo and hearing loss. Sinus and middle ear overpressurization during ascent can compress the trigeminal and facial nerves respectively, causing temporary facial hypesthesia and lower motor neuron facial weakness. Some conditions preclude safe diving, such as seizure disorders, since a convulsion underwater is likely to be fatal. Preventive measures to reduce neurologic complications of diving include exclusion of individuals with specific medical conditions and safe diving procedures, particularly related to descent and ascent.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Elsevier B.V
Data Source
Authors
Massey,E.W., Moon,R.E.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Understanding tobacco-related attitudes among college and noncollege young adult hookah and cigarette users | 2014 | a Public Health Research Division , RTI International , Research Triangle Park , North Carolina. | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Journal of American college health : J of ACH
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Am.Coll.Health
Pub Date Free Form
Volume
62
Issue
1
Start Page
10
Other Pages
18
Notes
LR: 20150422; GR: R01 CA087472/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01-CA87472/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R25 CA113710/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R25T-113710/PHS HHS/United States; GR: U01 CA154240/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: U01-CA15424
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
1940-3208; 0744-8481
Accession Number
PMID: 24313692
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1080/07448481.2013.842171 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
24313692
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To examine differences in tobacco-related attitudes and hookah and cigarette use among college and noncollege young adults. PARTICIPANTS: Time-location samples of young adult bar patrons in San Diego, California (N = 2,243), Tulsa (N = 2,095) and Oklahoma City (N = 2,200), Oklahoma, Albuquerque (N = 1,044) and Las Cruces (N = 894), New Mexico, between September 2009 and July 2011. METHODS: Multinomial logistic regression examined associations between hookah and cigarette use and tobacco-related attitudes. RESULTS: Current college students and graduates are less likely to smoke cigarettes, but more likely to use hookah. Among current hookah users, 22.6% were hookah-only users and 77.4% were dual users (cigarettes and hookah). College status is associated with different hookah use patterns, and those with anti-tobacco industry attitudes were more likely to smoke hookah. CONCLUSIONS: Novel interventions are needed for college students using hookah. Existing strategies targeting smokers with anti-tobacco industry messages may be irrelevant to hookah users.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Lee,Y.O., Bahreinifar,S., Ling,P.M.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
PMC3920485
Editors
|
|||
| Lactic acid microflora of the gut of snail Cornu aspersum | 2014 | Faculty of Biology, Sofia University 'St. Kliment Ohridski' , Sofia , Bulgaria.; Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences , Sofia , Bulgaria.; Faculty of Biology, Sofia University 'St. Kliment Ohridski' , Sofia , Bul | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Biotechnology, biotechnological equipment
Periodical, Abbrev.
Biotechnol.Biotechnol.Equip.
Pub Date Free Form
4-Jul
Volume
28
Issue
4
Start Page
627
Other Pages
634
Notes
LR: 20150531; JID: 101128940; OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/03/20 [received]; 2014/06/20 [accepted]; 2014/10/21 [epublish]; ppublish
Place of Publication
ISSN/ISBN
1310-2818; 1310-2818
Accession Number
PMID: 26019550
Language
ENG
SubFile
JOURNAL ARTICLE
DOI
10.1080/13102818.2014.947071 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
26019550
Abstract
The intestinal lactic acid microflora of the edible snail Cornu aspersum was studied by culture-based methods and was phenotypically and molecularly characterized. The antibacterial activity of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolates was investigated. Snails in different stages of development were collected from farms located in several regions of Bulgaria. One hundred twenty-two isolates, belonging to the group of LAB, were characterized morphologically and were divided into four groups. Representative isolates from each morphological type were subjected to phenotypic characterization and molecular identification. The snail gut lactic acid microflora was composed by Enterococcus (17 isolates), Lactococcus (12 isolates), Leuconostoc (7 isolates), Lactobacillus (18 isolates) and Weissella (1 isolate). The species affiliation of Lactococcus lactis (12), Leuconostoc mesenteroides (4) and Lactobacillus plantarum (2) was confirmed by species-specific primers. The Lactobacillus isolates were identified by sequence analysis of 16S rDNA as Lactobacillus brevis (12), L. plantarum (2), Lactobacillus graminis (1) and Lactobacillus curvatus (3). The species L. brevis, L. graminis and L. curvatus were found in snails in a phase of hibernation, whereas L. plantarum was identified both in active and hibernation phases. Antibacterial activity (bacteriocine-like) was shown only by one strain of L. mesentereoides P4/8 against Propionibacterium acnes. The present study showed that the LAB are a component of the microbial communities in the snail digestive system. This is the first report on Lactobacillus strains detected in the gut of C. aspersum.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Koleva,Z., Dedov,I., Kizheva,J., Lipovanska,R., Moncheva,P., Hristova,P.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20141021
PMCID
PMC4433887
Editors
|
|||
| The effect of smoking on bleeding on probing after nonsurgical periodontal therapy: a quasi-experimental study | 2014 | Department of Stomatology, Dental School, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.; Department of Stomatology, Dental School, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.; Department of Stomatology, Dental School, Uni | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Brazilian oral research
Periodical, Abbrev.
Braz Oral Res.
Pub Date Free Form
Volume
28
Issue
Start Page
1
Other Pages
7
Notes
LR: 20150720; JID: 101307187; 2014/03/21 [received]; 2014/06/24 [accepted]; 2014/10/21 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
Brazil
ISSN/ISBN
1807-3107; 1806-8324
Accession Number
PMID: 25337935
Language
eng
SubFile
Evaluation Studies; Journal Article; D; IM
DOI
S1806-83242014000100267 [pii]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
25337935
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of smoking on response to nonsurgical periodontal therapy using the primary outcome measure of bleeding on probing (BoP). An periodontist performed periodontal therapy on 11 smokers and 14 never smokers with periodontitis. Two examiners assessed visible plaque index, gingival bleeding index, probing pocket depth (PPD), BoP, suppuration on probing and clinical attachment level (CAL), at baseline and three months after therapy. BoP was categorized as 0 (absent), 1 (small bleeding point) and 2 (blood flow from the sulcus). Total BoP value was obtained by summing values of 1 and 2. All subjects had significant reductions in mean PPD and percentages of sites with BoP, with no difference between the groups. Only never smokers presented statistically significant CAL gain. BoP was significantly and consistently reduced at sites with initial PPDs of 1-3 mm and 4-6 mm in both groups. At sites with deep PPD ( >/= 7mm), never smokers showed a greater mean reduction in the number of sites with BoP than did smokers (p
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Ardais,R., Mario Tde,G., Boligon,J., Kantorski,K.Z., Moreira,C.H.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20141021
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| The pollution levels of BTEX and carbonyls under haze and non-haze days in Beijing, China | 2014 | State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China. Electronic a | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
The Science of the total environment
Periodical, Abbrev.
Sci.Total Environ.
Pub Date Free Form
15-Aug
Volume
490
Issue
Start Page
391
Other Pages
396
Notes
CI: Copyright (c) 2014; JID: 0330500; 0 (Air Pollutants); 0 (Benzene Derivatives); 0 (Xylenes); 3FPU23BG52 (Toluene); J64922108F (Benzene); L5I45M5G0O (ethylbenzene); OTO: NOTNLM; 2013/10/24 [received]; 2014/04/27 [revised]; 2014/05/06 [accepted]; 2014/05
Place of Publication
Netherlands
ISSN/ISBN
1879-1026; 0048-9697
Accession Number
PMID: 24867703
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.05.025 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
24867703
Abstract
The North China Plain including Beijing is frequently suffering from serious haze days in recent years. To best recognize the influence of haze days on regional air quality, the pollution levels of deleterious gases of BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m,p-xylene and o-xylene) and carbonyls (formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and acetone) under haze and non-haze days were contrastively investigated during the period of September 2008-August 2010 in Beijing. In comparison with non-haze days, remarkable enhancement of BTEX and the carbonyls under haze days in winter was found, with enhancement factors of 1.9-5.7 for BTEX and of 1.5-4.2 for the carbonyls. Whereas the enhancement factors for both BTEX (1.0-3.0) and the carbonyls (1.2-1.9) under haze days in summer were relatively small. The ratios of each BTEX to CO under both haze days and non-haze days exhibited a minimal value in the afternoon, whereas maximal values for the ratios of the carbonyls to CO were usually found in the afternoon. The ratios of each BTEX to CO were extremely greater under haze days than those under non-haze days in winter, but no evident difference was found in summer. The ratios of each carbonyl under both haze days and non-haze days in summer were at least a factor of 2 greater than those in winter and only enhancement of the ratios under haze days was found in winter. The remarkably higher ratios of ethylbenzene to m,p-xylene under haze days than non-haze days in both winter and summer revealed high reactivity of photochemical reactions initiated by OH radicals under haze days.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Elsevier B.V
Data Source
Authors
Zhang,Y., Mu,Y., Meng,F., Li,H., Wang,X., Zhang,W., Mellouki,A., Gao,J., Zhang,X., Wang,S., Chai,F.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20140524
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Involvement of luminal nitric oxide in the pathogenesis of the gastroesophageal reflux disease spectrum | 2014 | Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan. | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Gastroenterol.Hepatol.
Pub Date Free Form
May
Volume
29
Issue
5
Start Page
898
Other Pages
905
Notes
CI: (c) 2014; JID: 8607909; 0 (Estrogens); 31C4KY9ESH (Nitric Oxide); OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/01/29 [accepted]; ppublish
Place of Publication
Australia
ISSN/ISBN
1440-1746; 0815-9319
Accession Number
PMID: 24863184
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review; IM
DOI
10.1111/jgh.12548 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
24863184
Abstract
Over the last 3 decades, the incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma has dramatically increased in Western countries; a similar increase may be observed in Asian countries in the near future. Esophageal adenocarcinoma arises from a sequential gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) spectrum from reflux erosive esophagitis, to Barrett's esophagus, and finally to esophageal adenocarcinoma. At present, gastric acid and bile are assumed to be primarily involved in the etiology of the GERD spectrum. We reported in 2002 that, at the gastroesophageal junction in humans, abundant amounts of nitric oxide (NO) are generated luminally through the entero-salivary re-circulation of dietary nitrate. Since then, we have carried out a series of experiments to demonstrate that NO diffuses into the adjacent epithelium at cytotoxic levels. This diffusion results in disruption of the epithelial barrier function, exacerbation of inflammation, acceleration of columnar transformation in the esophagus (Barrett's esophagus) via the induction of caudal-type homeobox 2, and the shifting of carcinogenic N-nitroso compound formation from the luminal to epithelial compartment. These results suggest that, in addition to conventionally recognized causative factors, luminal NO could also be involved in the pathogenesis of the GERD spectrum. In addition, we recently showed that there is a prominent gender-related difference in NO-related cytotoxicity in the esophagus and that estrogen attenuated the esophageal tissue damage via the estrogen receptor in female rats. The role of estrogen in attenuating the esophageal tissue damage in NO-related esophageal damage could explain the well-recognized male predominance in the GERD spectrum in humans.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Foundation and Wiley Publishing Asia Pty Ltd
Data Source
Authors
Iijima,K., Shimosegawa,T.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
|
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