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WTS Database
The subject of interest is:
waterpipe, water-pipe, nargile, narghile, arguileh, arguile, shisha, sheesha, chichi, hubble bubble, hubbly bubbly, goza, hookah, bong
| Title | Pub Year | Author Sort ascending | SearchLink |
|---|---|---|---|
| The impact of the Cyprus comprehensive smoking ban on air quality and economic business of hospitality venues | 2013 | Cyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health in association with Harvard School of Public Health, Cyprus University of Technology, 95 Eirinis Street, Rm 201, 3041, Limassol, CYPRUS. costas.christophi@cut.ac.cy | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
BMC public health
Periodical, Abbrev.
BMC Public Health
Pub Date Free Form
27-Jan
Volume
13
Issue
Start Page
76
Other Pages
2458-13-76
Notes
LR: 20150219; JID: 100968562; 0 (Particulate Matter); 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); OID: NLM: PMC3567943; 2012/07/30 [received]; 2013/01/16 [accepted]; 2013/01/27 [aheadofprint]; epublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1471-2458; 1471-2458
Accession Number
PMID: 23351838
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; IM
DOI
10.1186/1471-2458-13-76 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
23351838
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Several countries, including Cyprus, have passed smoke-free legislations in recent years. The goal of this study was to assess the indoor levels of particulate matter in hospitality venues in Cyprus before and after the implementation of the law on 1/1/2010, evaluate the role of enforcement, and examine the legislation's effect on revenue and employment. METHODS: Several hospitality venues (n = 35) were sampled between April 2007 and January 2008, and 21 of those were re-sampled after the introduction of the smoking ban, between March and May 2010. Data on enforcement was provided by the Cyprus Police whereas data on revenue and employment within the hospitality industry of Cyprus were obtained from the Cyprus Statistical Service; comparisons were made between the corresponding figures before and after the implementation of the law. RESULTS: The median level of PM2.5 associated with secondhand smoking was 161 mug/m3 pre-ban and dropped to 3 mug/m3 post-ban (98% decrease, p
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Christophi,C.A., Paisi,M., Pampaka,D., Kehagias,M., Vardavas,C., Connolly,G.N.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20130127
PMCID
PMC3567943
Editors
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| Household cleaning activities as noningestion exposure determinants of urinary trihalomethanes | 2014 | Cyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health in association with Harvard School of Public Health, Cyprus University of Technology , Irenes 95, Limassol, 3041, Cyprus. | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Environmental science & technology
Periodical, Abbrev.
Environ.Sci.Technol.
Pub Date Free Form
Volume
48
Issue
1
Start Page
770
Other Pages
780
Notes
JID: 0213155; 0 (Drinking Water); 0 (Trihalomethanes); EIN: Environ Sci Technol. 2014 Jun 17;48(12):7196; 2013/12/06 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
1520-5851; 0013-936X
Accession Number
PMID: 24266582
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1021/es404220z [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
24266582
Abstract
Previous epidemiological studies linking drinking water total trihalomethanes (THM) with pregnancy disorders or bladder cancer have not accounted for specific household cleaning activities that could enhance THM exposures. We examined the relation between household cleaning activities (washing dishes/clothes, mopping, toilet cleaning, and washing windows/surfaces) and urinary THM concentrations accounting for water sources, uses, and demographics. A cross-sectional study (n = 326) was conducted during the summer in Nicosia, Cyprus, linking household addresses to the geocoded public water pipe network, individual household tap water, and urinary THM measurements. Household tap water THM concentrations ranged between 3-129 mug L(-1), while the median (Q1, Q3) creatinine-adjusted urinary THM concentration in females (669 ng g(-1) (353, 1377)) was significantly (p /=36 y of age remained significant, even after adjusting for potential confounders. No significant (p > 0.05) association was observed between ingestion-based THM exposure equivalency units and urinary THM. Noningestion routes of THM exposures during performance of routine household cleaning activities were shown for the first time to exert a major influence on urinary THM levels. It is warranted that future pregnancy-birth cohorts include monitoring of noningestion household THM exposures in their study design.
Descriptors
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Data Source
Authors
Charisiadis,P., Andra,S.S., Makris,K.C., Christodoulou,M., Christophi,C.A., Kargaki,S., Stephanou,E.G.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20131206
PMCID
Editors
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| Internet-based photoaging within Australian pharmacies to promote smoking cessation: randomized controlled trial | 2013 | Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Curtin University, Perth, Australia. O.Burford@curtin.edu.au | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Journal of medical Internet research
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Med.Internet Res.
Pub Date Free Form
26-Mar
Volume
15
Issue
3
Start Page
e64
Other Pages
Notes
LR: 20150427; JID: 100959882; OID: NLM: PMC3636310; 2012/09/03 [received]; 2013/02/03 [accepted]; epublish
Place of Publication
Canada
ISSN/ISBN
1438-8871; 1438-8871
Accession Number
PMID: 23531984
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; IM
DOI
10.2196/jmir.2337 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
23531984
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Tobacco smoking leads to death or disability and a drain on national resources. The literature suggests that cigarette smoking continues to be a major modifiable risk factor for a variety of diseases and that smokers aged 18-30 years are relatively resistant to antismoking messages due to their widely held belief that they will not be lifelong smokers. OBJECTIVE: To conduct a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of a computer-generated photoaging intervention to promote smoking cessation among young adult smokers within a community pharmacy setting. METHODS: A trial was designed with 80% power based on the effect size observed in a published pilot study; 160 subjects were recruited (80 allocated to the control group and 80 to the intervention group) from 8 metropolitan community pharmacies located around Perth city center in Western Australia. All participants received standardized smoking cessation advice. The intervention group participants were also digitally photoaged by using the Internet-based APRIL Face Aging software so they could preview images of themselves as a lifelong smoker and as a nonsmoker. Due to the nature of the intervention, the participants and researcher could not be blinded to the study. The main outcome measure was quit attempts at 6-month follow-up, both self-reported and biochemically validated through testing for carbon monoxide (CO), and nicotine dependence assessed via the Fagerstrom scale. RESULTS: At 6-month follow-up, 5 of 80 control group participants (6.3%) suggested they had quit smoking, but only 1 of 80 control group participants (1.3%) consented to, and was confirmed by, CO validation. In the intervention group, 22 of 80 participants (27.5%) reported quitting, with 11 of 80 participants (13.8%) confirmed by CO testing. This difference in biochemically confirmed quit attempts was statistically significant (chi(2) 1=9.0, P=.003). A repeated measures analysis suggested the average intervention group smoking dependence score had also significantly dropped compared to control participants (P<.001 these="" differences="" remained="" statistically="" significant="" after="" adjustment="" for="" small="" in="" gender="" distribution="" and="" nicotine="" dependence="" between="" the="" groups.="" mean="" cost="" of="" implementing="" intervention="" was="" estimated="" at="" au="" per="" participant.="" incremental="" cost-effectiveness="" ratio="" additional="" quitter.="" that="" participants="" indicated="" they="" were="" willing="" to="" pay="" digital="" aging="" service="" conclusions:="" demonstrating="" detrimental="" effects="" on="" facial="" physical="" appearance="" by="" using="" a="" computer-generated="" simulation="" may="" be="" both="" effective="" cost-effective="" persuading="" young="" adult="" smokers="" quit.="" trial="" registration:="" australian="" new="" zealand="" clinical="" trials="" registry:="" actrn12609000885291="" https:="" webcite="" http:="">
Descriptors
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Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Burford,O., Jiwa,M., Carter,O., Parsons,R., Hendrie,D.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20130326
PMCID
PMC3636310
Editors
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| Routine prophylaxes every 3 months improves chronic periodontitis status in type 2 diabetes | 2014 | Currently, Department of Research and Postgraduate Studies, Faculty of Dentistry, University Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile; previously, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile. | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Journal of periodontology
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Periodontol.
Pub Date Free Form
Jul
Volume
85
Issue
7
Start Page
e232
Other Pages
40
Notes
JID: 8000345; 0 (Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated); 0 (Hypoglycemic Agents); OTO: NOTNLM; 2013/12/19 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
1943-3670; 0022-3492
Accession Number
PMID: 24354651
Language
eng
SubFile
Comparative Study; Controlled Clinical Trial; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; D; IM
DOI
10.1902/jop.2013.130400 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
24354651
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are major health problems, especially in low-income populations with little access to dental care. Low-cost models for treatment of periodontal disease have not been tested in controlled studies in low-income populations. Dental prophylaxis, which includes removal of supragingival calculus and plaque, has been shown to arrest the progression of periodontitis. A controlled clinical trial was conducted to determine the effect of dental prophylaxis on periodontitis in T2DM. METHODS: Twenty-six patients with T2DM and chronic periodontitis (CP) and 26 without T2DM with CP were selected. Periodontal probing depth (PD), gingival bleeding on probing (BOP), clinical attachment level (CAL), and surfaces with plaque were recorded at baseline and 3, 6, and 9 months after initial treatment. All the participants received instructions on oral hygiene and one session of dental prophylaxis at baseline and every 3 months. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels were measured at baseline and every 3 months in patients with T2DM. RESULTS: A significant improvement of PD, BOP, and sites with plaque was observed 3 months after treatment in patients with T2DM (P = 0.001). In controls, mean PD significantly improved after 6 months compared with baseline (P = 0.001). No significant improvement of CAL occurred in either group. No significant differences in periodontal parameters between the groups were detected, and no participant showed progression of CP during the 9-month study period. Dental prophylaxis did not influence HbA1c levels, and no association among HbA1c concentration, pretreatment metabolic status, and severity of CP was found. CONCLUSION: Routine prophylaxes every 3 months significantly improve periodontal health and prevent progression of CP in both poorly controlled and well-controlled patients with T2DM.
Descriptors
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Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Lopez,N.J., Quintero,A., Casanova,P.A., Martinez,B.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20131219
PMCID
Editors
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| Non-suicidal self-harm behavior within the previous year among 10th-grade adolescents in Istanbul and related variables | 2014 | Cuneyt Evren, Alcohol and Drug Research, Treatment and Training Center (AMATEM), Bakirkoy State Hospital for Mental Health and Neurological Disorders , Istanbul , Turkey. | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Nordic journal of psychiatry
Periodical, Abbrev.
Nord.J.Psychiatry.
Pub Date Free Form
Oct
Volume
68
Issue
7
Start Page
481
Other Pages
487
Notes
JID: 100927567; OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/01/24 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1502-4725; 0803-9488
Accession Number
PMID: 24456473
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; IM
DOI
10.3109/08039488.2013.872699 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
24456473
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Non-suicidal self-harm behavior (SHB), which is a pervasive and dangerous problem, is frequent among adolescents and it is important to evaluate the associated psychological and social factors to better understand its nature and to plan treatment programs. AIMS: Aim of the present study is to determine the prevalence of SHB and the associated variables such as substance use, psychological, behavioral and social factors among 10th-grade students in Istanbul/Turkey. METHODS: Cross-sectional online self-report survey conducted in 45 schools from the 15 districts in Istanbul/Turkey. A representative sample of 4957 10th-grade students was studied between October 2012 and December 2012. RESULTS: SHB within the previous year were reported by 14.4% of the students (n = 713). Lifetime suicidal thoughts or behavior, tobacco, alcohol and/or drug use, symptoms of depression, anxiety and impulsive, delinquent and aggressive behaviors were also associated with SHB in Turkish 10th-grade students. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of the present study may be relevant in prevention and management of SHB as well as important problems among students, such as substance use, impulsive, delinquent, aggressive and suicidal behavior.
Descriptors
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Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Evren,C., Evren,B., Bozkurt,M., Can,Y.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20140124
PMCID
Editors
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| Stem growth reduction in mature sitka spruce trees exposed to acid mist | 1997 | Crossley, A., Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0QB, United Kingdom | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Environmental Pollution
Periodical, Abbrev.
Environ.Pollut.
Pub Date Free Form
1997/
Volume
96
Issue
2
Start Page
185
Other Pages
193
Notes
Place of Publication
ISSN/ISBN
0269-7491
Accession Number
Language
SubFile
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
Abstract
An eighteen-year-old clone of Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr) growing in the field was used to evaluate the whole tree response of 'mature' Sitka spruce to acid mist treatment. The mist, an equimolar mixture of H2SO4 and NH4NO3 at pH 2.5 with or without particles (soda glass ballotini < 20 μm diameter), was applied twice weekly (equivalent to 4 mm precipitation week-1) throughout the growing season, May-November 1990-1992. The annual dose of S, N, H applied as mist (at 51, 48 and 3.3 kg ha-1, respectively) was 2.5 times that measured in the Scottish uplands. Throughout the experiment there was no evidence of visible injury symptoms, yet there was a highly significant reduction (p < 0.02) in the stem-area increment relative to the stent area at the start, measured using vernier dendrometer bands. There was no significant difference between the (acid mist + particle) and the acid mist only treatments. The mean relative stent-area increment over two complete growing seasons (1991-1992) was 65% for control trees, but only 53% for acid-misted trees.
Descriptors
ammonium nitrate, sulfuric acid, acid rain, air pollution, airborne particle, article, environmental exposure, forest, growth inhibition, pH, tree, United Kingdom, water vapor
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Embase
Publisher
Data Source
Embase
Authors
Crossley,A., Sheppard,L. J., Cape,J. N., Smith,R. I., Harvey,F. J.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
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| N-[3a-(4-Bromo-phen-yl)-8b-hy-droxy-6,8-dimeth-oxy-3-phenyl-2,3,3a,8b-tetra-hydro -1H-cyclo-penta-[b]benzofuran-1-yl]formamide monohydrate | 2013 | Cristallographie, Resonance Magnetique et Modelisations (CRM2), UMR CNRS-UHP 7036, Institut Jean Barriol, Universite de Lorraine, BP 70239, Bd des Aiguillettes, 54506 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France. | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Acta crystallographica.Section E, Structure reports online
Periodical, Abbrev.
Acta Crystallogr.Sect.E.Struct.Rep.Online
Pub Date Free Form
1-Jan
Volume
69
Issue
Pt 1
Start Page
o52
Other Pages
3
Notes
LR: 20130418; JID: 101089178; OID: NLM: PMC3588239; 2012/11/22 [received]; 2012/12/03 [accepted]; 2012/12/08 [epublish]; ppublish
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
1600-5368; 1600-5368
Accession Number
PMID: 23476436
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article
DOI
10.1107/S1600536812049641 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
23476436
Abstract
In the title compound, C26H24BrNO5.H2O, a synthetic analogue of natural flavagline, the cyclo-pentane ring adopts an envelope conformation (the flap atom bearing the phenyl group) and the vicinal phenyl and bromo-phenyl groups are slightly shifted relative to each other [CPh-C-C-CPhBr = 36.3 (2) degrees ]. Intra-molecular N-Hcdots, three dots, centeredO and C-Hcdots, three dots, centeredO hydrogen bonds form S(5) motifs. In the crystal, the organic and the water mol-ecules are linked by an O-Hcdots, three dots, centeredO hydrogen bond. Pairs of organic and water mol-ecules, located about inversion centers, inter-act through O-Hcdots, three dots, centeredO hydrogen bonds, forming R4(4)(20) and R4(4)(26) motifs, which together lead to C2(2)(9) motifs. The crystal packing is also characterized by N-Hcdots, three dots, centeredO and C-Hcdots, three dots, centeredO hydrogen bonds between neighbouring organic mol-ecules, forming R2(2)(10) and R2(2)(18) motifs, respectively.
Descriptors
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Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Aubert,E., Thuaud,F., Ribeiro,N., Desaubry,L., Espinosa,E.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20121208
PMCID
PMC3588239
Editors
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| Application of hydraulic transients for leak detection in water supply systems | 2004 | Covas, D., Civil Eng. Dept., Instituto Superior Técnico, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Water Science and Technology: Water Supply
Periodical, Abbrev.
Water Sci.Technol.Water Supply
Pub Date Free Form
2004/
Volume
4
Issue
6-May
Start Page
365
Other Pages
374
Notes
Place of Publication
ISSN/ISBN
1606-9749
Accession Number
Language
SubFile
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
Abstract
The current paper reports the investigation of two transient-based techniques for leak detection in water pipe systems using physical data collected in the laboratory and in quasi-field conditions. The first is the analysis of the leak reflected wave during a transient event and the second is inverse transient analysis (ITA). This was approached through the development of an inverse transient analysis tool and the collection of transient data for the testing and validation of this model. Two experimental programmes were carried out at Imperial College and in cooperation with Thames Water for the validation and testing of these techniques. Evaluation of the presence, location and size of leaks was carried out using the collected data. Transient-based techniques have been shown to be successful in the detection and location of leaks and leak location uncertainties depended on the leak size and location, flow regime and location where the transient event was generated. These leak detection methods are very promising for identifying the general area of the trunk main with leakage, and can be combined with other leak location techniques (e.g. acoustic equipment) to more precisely pinpoint the leak position. Transient-based techniques are particularly important for the diagnosis, monitoring and control of existing water supply systems, not only to detect leaks, but also to better understand the causes of pipe bursts and accidents, particularly when these are due to natural transient events.
Descriptors
acoustics, analytic method, conference paper, cooperation, data analysis, equipment design, flow kinetics, hydraulic conductivity, inverse transient analysis, laboratory diagnosis, physical chemistry, tube, water supply
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Database
Embase
Publisher
Data Source
Embase
Authors
Covas,D., Ramos,H., Graham,N., Maksimovic,C.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
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| Effect of simulated sulfuric acid rain on the chemistry of a sulfate-absorbing forest soil | 1985 | Corvallis Environmental Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, OR 97333 | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Water, air, and soil pollution
Periodical, Abbrev.
Water Air Soil Pollut.
Pub Date Free Form
1985/
Volume
25
Issue
2
Start Page
185
Other Pages
193
Notes
Place of Publication
ISSN/ISBN
0049-6979
Accession Number
Language
SubFile
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
Abstract
Simulated H2SO4 rain (pH 3.0, 3.5, 4.0) or control rain (pH 5.6) was applied for 3.5 yr to large lysimeter boxes containing a sulfate-adsorbing forest soil and either red alder (Alnus rubra Bong) or sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) seedlings. After removal of the plants and the litter layer, soil samples were obtained at 15-cm intervals to a total depth of 90 cm. Elevated SO4 concentrations caused by the simulated H2SO4 rain were most pronounced for the top 15 cm, but extended down to 45 cm (maple) or 75 cm (alder). There were no effects on SO4 concentrations at a depth of 75 to 90 cm. This confirmed the existence of a sulfate front between 20 cm and 100 cm, as postulated earlier on the basis of extracted soil solutions. Decreases in Mg and Ca concentrations, base saturation, and soil pH were limited to the uppermost 15 cm and, in most cases, to the pH 3.0 treatment. Concentrations of Mg and Ca for the pH 3.0 treatments were greater than control at a depth of 15 to 30 cm, indicating transport of these cations from the soil surface. Concentrations of Na and K, and cation exchange capacity, were not affected by simulated H2SO4 rain. Elevated concentrations of NO3 and extractable Zn throughout the alder systems indicated (1) either increased rates of symbiotic N-fixation or decreased rates of N immobilization; and (2) mobilization of Zn by all acid rain treatments.
Descriptors
sulfate, sulfuric acid, acid rain, adsorption, vascular plant, nonhuman, priority journal, soil, theoretical study, tree
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Book Title
Database
Embase
Publisher
Data Source
Embase
Authors
Lee,J. J.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
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| Effects of sulfuric acid rain on major cation and sulfate concentrations of water percolating through two model hardwood forests | 1982 | Corvallis Environm. Res. Lab., USEPA, Washington, DC 20406 | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Journal of environmental quality
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Environ.Qual.
Pub Date Free Form
1982/
Volume
11
Issue
1
Start Page
57
Other Pages
64
Notes
Place of Publication
ISSN/ISBN
0047-2425
Accession Number
Language
SubFile
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
Abstract
Acid precipitation falls on vast areas of forested land, including most of the eastern deciduous forest of the United States. Forest productivity, ground-water quality, and surface waters might all be affected. To document and quantify ecosystem response to the onset of acid precipitation, simulated sulfuric acid (H2SO4) rain was applied to model forest plots of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) and red alder (Alnus rubra Bong). One set of four plots (two alder and two maple) received a control rain consisting of a stock solution equilibrated with atmospheric CO2 to approximately pH 5.7. For three sets of four plots, sufficient H2SO4 was added to the stock solution to lower the pH to 4.0, 3.5, or 3.0. Nozzles were used to apply simulated acid rain at the rate of 2.8 mm/hour (maple) or 3.7 mm/hour (alder) for 3 hours/day, 3 days/week, throughout the year. Water samples were collected above and below the canopy, below the litter layer, and from 20-cm and 1-m depths below the surface of the soil. While constituents of the throughfall were similar to those of the simulated rain, the litter leachate (the actual input to the soil) had consistently higher concentrations of SO42-, Ca2+, and Mg2+, and higher pH, than the acid rain. For the first 6 months, SO42- adsorption by the soil prevented any apparent differences in the SO42-, Ca2+, or Mg2+ concentrations or the pH of samples taken from a depth of 20 cm from plots receiving either acid or control treatments. Then, SO42- concentrations at this depth on plots receiving the most acidic rain (pH 3.0) became increasingly higher than on the other plots until, after 3 years, they were approximately equal to SO42- concentrations in the rain. Soil solutions from the pH 3.5 and 4.0 treatments responded similarly starting 10 months and 1 year, respectively, after initiation of exposure to acid rain. Increased Ca2+, Mg2+, and, to a lesser extent, K+ concentrations and lowered pH in solutions from the 20-cm depths occurred simultaneously with increased SO42- concentrations. At a depth of 1 m, no acid-rain-related effects were evident after 2.5 years exposure to pH 3.0 H2SO4 rain. Results showed that a hardwood canopy and litter layer can alter the input of chemicals to the soil from acid rain, that the relative sensitivity of ions to mobilization by acid rain is not the same for all components of an ecosystem, and that acid rain can alter the chemical composition of water within the root zone within a few years, even if the soil is a strong sulfate adsorber.
Descriptors
calcium, ground water, magnesium, rain, sulfuric acid, sulfuric acid derivative, unclassified drug, vascular plant, leaching, soil, theoretical study, water quality
Links
Book Title
Database
Embase
Publisher
Data Source
Embase
Authors
Lee,J. J., Weber,D. E.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
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