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Title	Pub Year	Author Sort descending	SearchLink
Inner-ear decompression sickness in nine trimix recreational divers	2016	Hyperbaric Center, Niguarda Hospital, Reparto di anestesia e rianimazione Bozza Blocco DEA primo piano, Niguarda Hospital, Piazza dell'ospedale maggiore, Milano, Italy, Phone: +39-(0)34-9868-3498, E-mail: silvia.guenzani@gmail.com.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Diving and hyperbaric medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Diving.Hyperb.Med. Pub Date Free Form Jun Volume 46 Issue 2 Start Page 111 Other Pages 116 Notes JID: 101282742; 206GF3GB41 (Helium); 89210-11-7 (trimix); N762921K75 (Nitrogen); S88TT14065 (Oxygen); OTO: NOTNLM; 2016/03/31 [received]; 2016/04/12 [accepted]; ppublish Place of Publication Australia ISSN/ISBN 1833-3516; 1833-3516 Accession Number PMID: 27334999 Language eng SubFile Case Reports; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 27334999 Abstract INTRODUCTION: Recreational technical diving, including the use of helium-based mixes (trimix) and the experimentation of new decompression algorithms, has become increasingly popular. Inner-ear decompression sickness (DCS) can occur as an isolated clinical entity or as part of a multi-organ presentation in this population. Physiological characteristics of the inner ear make it selectively vulnerable to DCS. The inner ear has a slower gas washout than the brain thus potentially making it more vulnerable to deleterious effects of any bubbles that cross a persistent foramen ovale (PFO) and enter the basilar artery, whilst the inner ear remains supersaturated but the brain does not. METHODS: A questionnaire was made widely available to divers to analyse the incidence of inner-ear DCS after technical dives. One-hundred-and-twenty-six divers submitted completed questionnaires, and we studied each incident in detail. RESULTS: Nine (7.1%) of the 126 responders reported to have had at least one episode of inner-ear DCS, of which seven occurred without having omitted planned decompression stops. Of these seven, four suffered from DCS affecting just the inner ear, while three also had skin, joint and bladder involvement. Five of the nine divers affected were found to have a PFO. All affected divers suffered from vestibular symptoms, while two also reported cochlear symptoms. Three divers reported to have balance problems long after the accident. CONCLUSIONS: This small study is consistent with a high prevalence of PFO among divers suffering inner-ear DCS after trimix dives, and the pathophysiological characteristics of the inner ear could contribute to this pathology, as described previously. After an episode of DCS, vestibular and cochlear injury should always be examined for. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Guenzani,S., Mereu,D., Messersmith,M., Olivari,D., Arena,M., Spano,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Combined arterial gas embolism and decompression sickness following no-stop dives	1990	Hyperbaric Medicine Center, University of California, San Diego Medical Center.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Undersea biomedical research Periodical, Abbrev. Undersea Biomed.Res. Pub Date Free Form Sep Volume 17 Issue 5 Start Page 429 Other Pages 436 Notes LR: 20041117; JID: 0421514; OID: NASA: 91020737; ppublish Place of Publication UNITED STATES ISSN/ISBN 0093-5387; 0093-5387 Accession Number PMID: 2219551 Language eng SubFile Case Reports; Journal Article; IM; S DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 2219551 Abstract Decompression sickness (DCS) has been clinically classified as Type I (predominantly joint pain) or Type II (predominantly spinal cord lesions). We present 3 cases that are all characterized by severe (Type II) DCS with signs and symptoms of spinal cord injury occurring in conjunction with arterial gas embolism (AGE). We consider the AGE "minor" because only 2 of the 3 subjects initially lost consciousness, and in all cases the signs and symptoms of the AGE had essentially resolved within 1 h or by the time recompression therapy began. DCS was resistant to recompression therapy, even though treatment began promptly after the accident in 2 of the 3 cases. None of the cases had a good neurologic outcome and there has been one death. None of the divers exceeded the U.S. Navy "no-stop" limits for the depths at which they were diving. We have observed a previously unreported clinical syndrome characterized by severe Type II DCS subsequent to AGE following pressure-time exposures that would normally not be expected to produce DCS. We postulate that AGE may have precipitated or predisposed to this form of DCS. Descriptors Adult, Arteries, Atmosphere Exposure Chambers, Decompression Sickness/complications/etiology/therapy, Diving/adverse effects, Embolism, Air/complications/etiology, Extremities, Female, Humans, Male, Paralysis/etiology, Unconsciousness/etiology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Neuman,T. S., Bove,A. A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
A 10-year estimate of the incidence of decompression illness in a discrete group of recreational cave divers in Australia	2015	Hyperbaric Medicine Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia, Phone: +64-(0)8-8222-5116 E-mail: drharry@me.com.; Department of Intensive Care and Hyperbaric Medicine, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne.; Department of Intensi	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Diving and hyperbaric medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Diving.Hyperb.Med. Pub Date Free Form Sep Volume 45 Issue 3 Start Page 147 Other Pages 153 Notes JID: 101282742; OTO: NOTNLM; 2015/02/06 [received]; 2015/07/07 [accepted]; ppublish Place of Publication Australia ISSN/ISBN 1833-3516; 1833-3516 Accession Number PMID: 26415066 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26415066 Abstract INTRODUCTION: The vast majority of freshwater cave diving in Australia occurs within the limestone caves of the Gambier karst in the south-east of South Australia. The incidence of decompression illness (DCI) in cave divers is presumed to be higher than open-water recreational divers because of the greater depths involved, but has not previously been reported. Our aim was to determine the incidence of DCI in cave divers, the patterns of diving and the outcome of hyperbaric treatment. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study of cave divers with DCI presenting to the Royal Adelaide Hospital or The Alfred Hospital over a 10-year period between 2002 and 2012. We reviewed case notes of cave divers who were treated for DCI after diving in the Mt Gambier karst. As there are no records of the number of dives performed during the study period we generated a denominator for the incidence of DCI by extrapolating available data and making a number of assumptions about the number of dives per dive permit issued. RESULTS: Sixteen patients were treated for DCI during the study period. The precipitating dive was a single deep decompression dive in seven cases, multiday repetitive dive sequences in eight and a non-decompression dive in one. Three of the 16 cases of DCI involved dives in excess of 90 metres' fresh water (mfw) using trimix. As the total estimated number of dives in the study period was approximately 57,000 the incidence of DCI in Australian cave divers was estimated to be 2.8:10,000 (0.028%). It is possible that the overall incidence of DCI is as high as 0.05%, and even higher when dives to depths greater than 90 mfw are involved. CONCLUSIONS: The estimated incidence of DCS in this series is lower than expected but consistent with other series describing DCI in cold-water recreational diving. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Harris,R.J., Frawley,G., Devaney,B.C., Fock,A., Jones,A.B. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
The relationship of decongestant use and risk of decompression sickness; a case-control study of Hawaiian scuba divers	2014	Hyperbaric Treatment Center, University of Hawai'i, John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Hawai'i journal of medicine & public health : a journal of Asia Pacific Medicine & Public Health Periodical, Abbrev. Hawaii.J.Med.Public.Health. Pub Date Free Form Feb Volume 73 Issue 2 Start Page 61 Other Pages 65 Notes LR: 20150515; JID: 101579076; OID: NLM: PMC3931412; OTO: NOTNLM; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 2165-8242; 2165-8242 Accession Number PMID: 24567870 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24567870 Abstract Exposure to cold, dehydration, and aging are known to contribute to the development of decompression sickness (DCS) in divers. Hypertension and nicotine usage have also been suggested as risk factors. Vasoconstriction is an underlying mechanism associated with all of these risk factors. Vasoconstriction increases the degree of bubble formation which is believed to be the cause of DCS. Formed bubbles interfere with the production of nitric oxide which modulates vascular tone resulting in vasoconstriction. Divers commonly use sympathomimetic decongestants which induce vasoconstriction to prevent barotrauma of the ears and sinuses while diving and thus theoretically may contribute to the risk for developing DCS. The purpose of this case-control study was to explore the association between decongestant usage and development of DCS in 400 divers treated/evaluated at the University of Hawai'i, John A. Burns School of Medicine between 1983 and 2010. Bivariate and logistic regression analyses were employed to evaluate differences between cases and controls. In addition to the variable of interest, other co-variables known to have significant influence in the development of DCS were appropriately controlled for during the analyses. In this study population, dehydration (OR = 2.7; 95% CI: 1.1, 7.4), repetitive diving (OR = 2.8; 95% CI: 1.8, 4.4), and violation of dive profiles (OR = 4.9; 95% CI: 3.1, 7.9) contributed independently and significantly to the development of DCS. The co-variables of cold, gender, obesity, and rapid ascents were not significant contributors to developing DCS in this study. There was a small but statistically insignificant risk associated with decongestant use (OR = 1.4; 95% CI: 0.8-2.6; P = .22). The inherent limitations associated with records-based studies may have underestimated this risk. It is important therefore that future research be undertaken to help clarify this concern. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Smerz,R.W. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID PMC3931412 Editors
Addition of DNase improves the in vitro activity of antifungal drugs against Candida albicans biofilms	2012	IBB-Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Biological Engineering, Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Mycoses Periodical, Abbrev. Mycoses Pub Date Free Form Jan Volume 55 Issue 1 Start Page 80 Other Pages 85 Notes LR: 20150204; CI: (c) 2011; GR: 5R21DE017294/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/United States; GR: R21 AI080930/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States; GR: R21 AI080930-02/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States; GR: R21 DE017294/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/United States; GR: R21 DE017294-02/DE/NIDCR Place of Publication Germany ISSN/ISBN 1439-0507; 0933-7407 Accession Number PMID: 21668524 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1111/j.1439-0507.2011.02047.x [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 21668524 Abstract Cells within Candida albicans biofilms display decreased susceptibility to most clinically used antifungal agents. We recently demonstrated that extracellular DNA (eDNA) plays an important role in biofilm integrity, as a component of the biofilm matrix. This study aimed at gaining insights into the contributions of eDNA to C. albicans biofilms antifungal susceptibility by the investigation of the impact of the combined use of deoxyribonuclease I (DNase) and antifungals to treat biofilms. Candida albicans biofilms were formed using a simple and reproducible 96-well plate-based method. The activity of the combined use of 0.13 mg l(-1) DNase and antifungals was estimated using the 2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-[(phenylamino)carbonyl]-2H-tetrazolium hydroxide (XTT) reduction assay and total viable counts. Herein, we report the improved efficacy of amphotericin B when in combination with DNase against C. albicans biofilms, as assessed using XTT readings and viable counts. Furthermore, although DNase increased the efficacy of caspofungin in the reduction of mitochondrial activity, no changes were observed in terms of culturable cells. Deoxyribonuclease I did not affect biofilm cells susceptibility to fluconazole. This work suggests that agents that target processes affecting the biofilm structural integrity may have potential use as adjuvants of a catheter-lock therapy. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Blackwell Verlag GmbH Data Source Authors Martins,M., Henriques,M., Lopez-Ribot,J.L., Oliveira,R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20110612 PMCID PMC3175262 Editors
Incorporation of natural uncultivable Legionella pneumophila into potable water biofilms provides a protective niche against chlorination stress	2009	IBB-Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Biological Engineering, Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal. salome.giao@deb.uminho.pt	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Biofouling Periodical, Abbrev. Biofouling Pub Date Free Form Volume 25 Issue 4 Start Page 335 Other Pages 341 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 9200331; 0 (Culture Media); 0 (Disinfectants); 0 (Peptide Nucleic Acids); 4R7X1O2820 (Chlorine); ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1029-2454; 0892-7014 Accession Number PMID: 19241230 Language eng SubFile Evaluation Studies; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1080/08927010902802232 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19241230 Abstract Legionella pneumophila is a waterborne pathogen that has been isolated sporadically from drinking water distribution systems (DWDS). Resistance to disinfectants is mainly attributed to the association of cells with amoebae, but biofilms are also thought to provide some degree of protection. In the present work, a two-stage chemostat was used to form heterotrophic biofilms from drinking water to study the influence of chlorine on the presence of naturally occurring L. pneumophila. The pathogen was tracked in planktonic and sessile biofilm phases using standard culture recovery techniques for cultivable cells and a peptide nucleic acid fluorescence in situ hybridisation assay for total cells. The results showed that the total number of L. pneumophila cells in biofilms was not affected by the concentrations of chlorine tested, and the presence of L. pneumophila could not be detected by culturing. To restrict the outbreaks of disease caused by this bacterium, efforts need to be concentrated on preventing L. pneumophila from re-entering an infectious state by maintaining residual disinfectant levels through the entire DWDS network so that the resuscitation of cells via contact with amoebae is prevented. Descriptors Biofilms/drug effects/growth & development, Chlorine/analysis/pharmacology, Colony Count, Microbial, Culture Media, Disinfectants/analysis/pharmacology, Disinfection/methods, Fresh Water/microbiology, Halogenation, In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence, Legionella pneumophila/drug effects/genetics/growth & development/isolation & purification, Peptide Nucleic Acids/genetics, Plankton/growth & development, Water Microbiology, Water Supply Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Giao,M. S., Wilks,S., Azevedo,N. F., Vieira,M. J., Keevil,C. W. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Social Listening: A Content Analysis of E-Cigarette Discussions on Twitter	2015	ICF International, Rockville, MD, United States.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of medical Internet research Periodical, Abbrev. J.Med.Internet Res. Pub Date Free Form 27-Oct Volume 17 Issue 10 Start Page e243 Other Pages Notes LR: 20160113; JID: 100959882; OID: NLM: PMC4642379; OTO: NOTNLM; 2015/07/24 [received]; 2015/09/23 [accepted]; 2015/09/22 [revised]; epublish Place of Publication Canada ISSN/ISBN 1438-8871; 1438-8871 Accession Number PMID: 26508089 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 10.2196/jmir.4969 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26508089 Abstract BACKGROUND: Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use has increased in the United States, leading to active debate in the public health sphere regarding e-cigarette use and regulation. To better understand trends in e-cigarette attitudes and behaviors, public health and communication professionals can turn to the dialogue taking place on popular social media platforms such as Twitter. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to conduct a content analysis to identify key conversation trends and patterns over time using historical Twitter data. METHODS: A 5-category content analysis was conducted on a random sample of tweets chosen from all publicly available tweets sent between May 1, 2013, and April 30, 2014, that matched strategic keywords related to e-cigarettes. Relevant tweets were isolated from the random sample of approximately 10,000 tweets and classified according to sentiment, user description, genre, and theme. Descriptive analyses including univariate and bivariate associations, as well as correlation analyses were performed on all categories in order to identify patterns and trends. RESULTS: The analysis revealed an increase in e-cigarette-related tweets from May 2013 through April 2014, with tweets generally being positive; 71% of the sample tweets were classified as having a positive sentiment. The top two user categories were everyday people (65%) and individuals who are part of the e-cigarette community movement (16%). These two user groups were responsible for a majority of informational (79%) and news tweets (75%), compared to reputable news sources and foundations or organizations, which combined provided 5% of informational tweets and 12% of news tweets. Personal opinion (28%), marketing (21%), and first person e-cigarette use or intent (20%) were the three most common genres of tweets, which tended to have a positive sentiment. Marketing was the most common theme (26%), and policy and government was the second most common theme (20%), with 86% of these tweets coming from everyday people and the e-cigarette community movement combined, compared to 5% of policy and government tweets coming from government, reputable news sources, and foundations or organizations combined. CONCLUSIONS: Everyday people and the e-cigarette community are dominant forces across several genres and themes, warranting continued monitoring to understand trends and their implications regarding public opinion, e-cigarette use, and smoking cessation. Analyzing social media trends is a meaningful way to inform public health practitioners of current sentiments regarding e-cigarettes, and this study contributes a replicable methodology. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Cole-Lewis,H., Pugatch,J., Sanders,A., Varghese,A., Posada,S., Yun,C., Schwarz,M., Augustson,E. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20151027 PMCID PMC4642379 Editors
On the role of abnormal DL(CO) in ex-smokers without airflow limitation: symptoms, exercise capacity and hyperpolarised helium-3 MRI	2013	Imaging Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Thorax Periodical, Abbrev. Thorax Pub Date Free Form Aug Volume 68 Issue 8 Start Page 752 Other Pages 759 Notes LR: 20151119; GR: CIF#97687/Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada; JID: 0417353; 0 (Antimetabolites); 206GF3GB41 (Helium); 7U1EE4V452 (Carbon Monoxide); OTO: NOTNLM; 2013/04/19 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1468-3296; 0040-6376 Accession Number PMID: 23604381 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2012-203108 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23604381 Abstract BACKGROUND: The functional effects of abnormal diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) in ex-smokers without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are not well understood. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to evaluate and compare well established clinical, physiological and emerging imaging measurements in ex-smokers with normal spirometry and abnormal DLCO with a group of ex-smokers with normal spirometry and DLCO and ex-smokers with Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) stage I COPD. METHODS: We enrolled 38 ex-smokers and 15 subjects with stage I COPD who underwent spirometry, plethysmography, St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), 6 min Walk Test (6MWT), x-ray CT and hyperpolarised helium-3 ((3)He) MRI. The 6MWT distance (6MWD), SGRQ scores, (3)He MRI apparent diffusion coefficients (ADC) and CT attenuation values below -950 HU (RA950) were evaluated. RESULTS: Of 38 ex-smokers without COPD, 19 subjects had abnormal DLCO with significantly worse ADC (p=0.01), 6MWD (p=0.008) and SGRQ (p=0.01) but not RA950 (p=0.53) compared with 19 ex-smokers with normal DLCO. Stage I COPD subjects showed significantly worse ADC (p=0.02), RA950 (p=0.0008) and 6MWD (p=0.005), but not SGRQ (p=0.59) compared with subjects with abnormal DLCO. There was a significant correlation for (3)He ADC with SGRQ (r=0.34, p=0.02) and 6MWD (r=-0.51, p=0.0002). CONCLUSIONS: In ex-smokers with normal spirometry and CT but abnormal DLCO, there were significantly worse symptoms, 6MWD and (3)He ADC compared with ex-smokers with normal DLCO, providing evidence of the impact of mild or early stage emphysema and a better understanding of abnormal DLCO and hyperpolarised (3)He MRI in ex-smokers without COPD. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Kirby,M., Owrangi,A., Svenningsen,S., Wheatley,A., Coxson,H.O., Paterson,N.A., McCormack,D.G., Parraga,G. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20130419 PMCID Editors
Toxic volatile organic compounds in simulated environmental tobacco smoke: emission factors for exposure assessment	1998	Indoor Environment Program, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, CA 947720, USA. jmdaisey@lbl.gov	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of exposure analysis and environmental epidemiology Periodical, Abbrev. J.Expo.Anal.Environ.Epidemiol. Pub Date Free Form Jul-Sep Volume 8 Issue 3 Start Page 313 Other Pages 334 Notes LR: 20071114; GR: R01-HL42490/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9111438; 0 (Organic Chemicals); 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); ppublish Place of Publication UNITED STATES ISSN/ISBN 1053-4245; 1053-4245 Accession Number PMID: 9679214 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 9679214 Abstract Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is suspected to be a major source of exposure to many of the compounds identified as toxic air contaminants. However, we lack emission factors for many of the ETS air toxics for the brands of cigarettes which currently dominate the market and therefore cannot adequately estimate contributions of ETS to such exposures. This study provides up-to-date emission factors for selected air toxics and other volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in simulated ETS and uses them in a mass balance model to evaluate the potential contribution of ETS to air toxics in indoor air and, therefore to indoor exposures to air toxics. Emission factors (microgram/cigarette) were determined for 21 VOCs (including two aldehydes), nicotine and particulate matter in a room-sized (20-m3) environmental chamber with stainless-steel walls, operated under static conditions, using diluted sidestream smoke (no exhaled mainstream smoke) to simulate ETS. Experiments were conducted for Kentucky Reference cigarette 1R4F and for each of six commercial cigarette brands with major market shares. The variabilities in the ETS emission factors among brands of cigarettes were relatively small, ranging from 16 to 31% (expressed as the coefficient of variation) among the six brands. The concentrations of most of the VOCs did not change over the 4-hour periods of the experiments. However, concentrations of 3-ethenylpyridine, phenol, o-cresol and m,p-cresol showed consistent decreases over time, indicating removal by means other than the very low air infiltration rate (0.03 h-1), e.g., deposition onto the chamber surfaces. Emission factors for these compounds were calculated to take these losses into account and the rate constants for these losses were estimated. To estimate indoor concentrations and inhalation exposures to 16 VOCs, nicotine and PM-2.5, the average emission factors for the six commercial brands were used in a time-dependent mass-balance model for two scenarios: a typical office building and an average residence. In general, the indoor concentrations of the air toxics from ETS, under conditions selected to be "typical" rather than extreme, are comparable in magnitude to average outdoor concentrations, indicating that ETS can be a significant contributor to the total indoor concentration and the inhalation exposure for these species. At higher smoking rates, exposures to VOCs from ETS could be several times higher than those modeled under more "typical" conditions. Descriptors Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis, Environmental Exposure/analysis, Environmental Monitoring, Humans, Models, Theoretical, Organic Chemicals/analysis, Smoking, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/analysis Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Daisey,J. M., Mahanama,K. R., Hodgson,A. T. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Liposomal amphotericin B displays rapid dose-dependent activity against Candida albicans biofilms	2013	Infection and Immunity Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom. gordon.ramage@glasgow.ac.uk	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Periodical, Abbrev. Antimicrob.Agents Chemother. Pub Date Free Form May Volume 57 Issue 5 Start Page 2369 Other Pages 2371 Notes LR: 20150219; JID: 0315061; 0 (Antifungal Agents); 0 (Echinocandins); 0 (Pyrimidines); 0 (Triazoles); 0 (liposomal amphotericin B); 7XU7A7DROE (Amphotericin B); F0XDI6ZL63 (caspofungin); JFU09I87TR (Voriconazole); OID: NLM: PMC3632906; 2013/02/19 [aheadof Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1098-6596; 0066-4804 Accession Number PMID: 23422915 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1128/AAC.02344-12 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23422915 Abstract Biofilms formed by Candida albicans bloodstream isolates on catheters are an important clinical problem. Devising chemotherapeutic strategies to treat these in situ is an attractive option. We report here that liposomal amphotericin effectively kills C. albicans biofilms rapidly (12 h) and effectively (>90%) in a dose-dependent manner, whereas caspofungin displays an inverse concentration-dependent effect. This study has implications for considering the effective doses of antifungal agents used for catheter lock therapy. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Ramage,G., Jose,A., Sherry,L., Lappin,D.F., Jones,B., Williams,C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20130219 PMCID PMC3632906 Editors

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