WTS database

Title	Pub Year	Author	SearchLink Sort ascending
Sensory aspects and water quality impacts of chlorinated and chloraminated drinking water in contact with HDPE and cPVC pipe	2007	Charles E. Via Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 418 Durham Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0246, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Water research Periodical, Abbrev. Water Res. Pub Date Free Form Feb Volume 41 Issue 4 Start Page 757 Other Pages 764 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 0105072; 0 (Chlorine Compounds); 0 (Trihalomethanes); 0 (Water Pollutants); 059QF0KO0R (Water); 9002-86-2 (Polyvinyl Chloride); 9002-88-4 (Polyethylene); 2006/05/23 [received]; 2006/11/14 [revised]; 2006/11/19 [accepted]; 2007/01/16 [ah Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 0043-1354; 0043-1354 Accession Number PMID: 17223157 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; IM DOI S0043-1354(06)00671-3 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 17223157 Abstract Pipes constructed with high-density polyethylene (HDPE) or chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (cPVC) are commonly used in drinking water distribution systems and premise plumbing. In this comprehensive investigation, the effects on odor, organic chemical release, trihalomethane (THM) formation, free chlorine demand and monochloramine demand were determined for water exposed to HDPE and cPVC pipes. The study was conducted in accordance with the Utility Quick Test (UQT), a migration/leaching protocol for analysis of materials in contact with drinking water. The sensory panel consistently attributed a weak to moderate intensity of a "waxy/plastic/citrus" odor to the water from the HDPE pipes but not the cPVC-contacted water samples. The odor intensity generated by the HDPE pipe remained relatively constant for multiple water flushes, and the odor descriptors were affected by disinfectant type. Water samples stored in both types of pipe showed a significant increase in the leaching of organic compounds when compared to glass controls, with HDPE producing 0.14 microgTOC/cm(2) pipe surface, which was significantly greater than the TOC release from cPVC. Water stored in both types of pipe showed disinfectant demands of 0.1-0.9 microg disinfectant/cm(2) pipe surface, with HDPE exerting more demand than cPVC. No THMs were detected in chlorinated water exposed to the pipes. The results demonstrate the impact that synthetic plumbing materials can have on sensory and chemical water quality, as well as the significant variations in drinking water quality generated from different materials. Descriptors Adsorption, Chlorine Compounds/analysis, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Odors/analysis, Polyethylene/analysis, Polyvinyl Chloride/analysis, Trihalomethanes/analysis, Water/chemistry, Water Pollutants/analysis, Water Supply/analysis Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Heim,T. H., Dietrich,A. M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20070116 PMCID Editors
Smoking in the absence of nicotine: behavioral, subjective and physiological effects over 11 days	2007	Behavioral Pharmacology Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. edonny@pitt.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Addiction (Abingdon, England) Periodical, Abbrev. Addiction Pub Date Free Form Feb Volume 102 Issue 2 Start Page 324 Other Pages 334 Notes LR: 20151119; GR: CA99241/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: DA016289/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: DA019626/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: M01 RR02719/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9304118; 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); CIN: Addiction. 2007 Feb;10 Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 0965-2140; 0965-2140 Accession Number PMID: 17222288 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI ADD1670 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 17222288 Abstract AIMS: Sensorimotor stimuli associated with tobacco smoking influence smoking behavior; however, current research has focused almost exclusively on the effects of brief, laboratory-based exposure to smoking-related stimuli. The purpose of this experiment was to characterize the effects of smoking stimuli delivered in the absence of nicotine over an extended (11-day) exposure. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Thirty adult regular smokers participated in an in-patient study. After assessing preferred brand smoking, participants were assigned randomly to one of three groups corresponding to subsequent smoking conditions: nicotine-containing cigarettes, de-nicotinized cigarettes or no smoking. MEASUREMENTS: Measures of smoking reinforcement, subjective effects, physiological effects, withdrawal/craving and puff topography were taken repeatedly during both periods of free access and controlled assessments during abstinence. FINDINGS: Daily de-nicotinized cigarette use declined immediately by 1.7 cigarettes/day compared to the preferred brand baseline and declined by another 3.5 cigarettes over time; participants smoking de-nicotinized cigarettes also demonstrated a 31% decline in the number of puffs earned on a progressive ratio, a measure of the motivation to smoke, during the study. Subjective ratings of smoking were largely negative throughout the study in the de-nicotinized group, while the nicotine-containing condition reported increasingly positive subjective effects with repeated exposure. Acute craving suppression following smoking remained evident throughout the study regardless of nicotine content. CONCLUSIONS: These effects highlight the importance of non-nicotine sensorimotor stimuli as determinants of the maintenance of smoking behavior and suggests that extinction of conditioned reinforcement in the absence of nicotine progresses slowly. Descriptors Adolescent, Adult, Affect/drug effects, Aged, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Nicotine, Personal Satisfaction, Sleep/drug effects, Smoking/physiopathology/psychology, Smoking Cessation/psychology, Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/physiopathology/psychology, Surveys and Questionnaires Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Donny,E. C., Houtsmuller,E., Stitzer,M. L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Characterisation and biochemical properties of predominant lactic acid bacteria from fermenting cassava for selection as starter cultures	2007	Federal Research Centre for Nutrition and Food, Institute of Hygiene and Toxicology, Haid-und Neu-Strasse 9, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full International journal of food microbiology Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Food Microbiol. Pub Date Free Form 20-Mar Volume 114 Issue 3 Start Page 342 Other Pages 351 Notes JID: 8412849; 0 (DNA, Ribosomal); 0 (RNA, Ribosomal, 16S); 2006/05/05 [received]; 2006/09/22 [revised]; 2006/09/30 [accepted]; 2006/12/26 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 0168-1605; 0168-1605 Accession Number PMID: 17188771 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI S0168-1605(06)00577-0 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 17188771 Abstract A total of 375 lactic acid bacteria were isolated from fermenting cassava in South Africa, Benin, Kenya and Germany, and were characterised by phenotypic and genotypic tests. These could be divided into five main groups comprising strains of facultatively heterofermentative rods, obligately heterofermentative rods, heterofermentative cocci, homofermentative cocci and obligately homofermentative rods, in decreasing order of predominance. Most of the facultatively heterofermentative rods were identified by phenotypic tests as presumptive Lactobacillus plantarum-group strains, which also comprised the most predominant bacteria (54.4% of strains) isolated in the study. The next predominant group of lactic acid bacteria (14.1% of total isolates) consisted of obligately heterofermentative rods belonging either to the genus Lactobacillus or Weissella, followed by the heterofermentative cocci (13.9% of isolates) belonging to the genera Weissella or Leuconostoc. Homofermentative cocci were also isolated (13.3% of isolates). Biochemical properties such as production of alpha-amylase, beta-glucosidase, tannase, antimicrobials (presumptive bacteriocin and H(2)O(2)-production), acidification and fermentation of the indigestible sugars raffinose and stachyose, were evaluated in vitro for selection of potential starter strains. A total of 32 strains with one or more desirable biochemical properties were pre-selected and identified using rep-PCR fingerprinting in combination with 16S rRNA sequencing of representative rep-PCR cluster isolates. Of these strains, 18 were identified as L. plantarum, four as Lactobacillus pentosus, two each as Leuconostoc fallax, Weissella paramesenteroides and Lactobacillus fermentum, one each as Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides and Weissella cibaria, while two remained unidentified but could be assigned to the L. plantarum-group. These strains were further investigated for clonal relationships, using RAPD-PCR with three primers, and of the 32 a total of 16 strains were finally selected for the development as starter cultures for Gari production. Descriptors DNA, Ribosomal/analysis, Fermentation, Food Microbiology, Genotype, Lactobacillus/classification/isolation & purification, Lactobacillus plantarum/classification/isolation & purification, Leuconostoc/classification/isolation & purification, Manihot/metabolism/microbiology, Molecular Sequence Data, Phenotype, Phylogeny, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics, Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Kostinek,M., Specht,I., Edward,V. A., Pinto,C., Egounlety,M., Sossa,C., Mbugua,S., Dortu,C., Thonart,P., Taljaard,L., Mengu,M., Franz,C. M., Holzapfel,W. H. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20061226 PMCID Editors
Bisphenol A (BPA) and its source in foods in Japanese markets	2007	Chiba Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Chiba City, Chiba 260-8715, Japan. j.sjk@ma.pref.chiba.lg.jp	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Food additives and contaminants Periodical, Abbrev. Food Addit.Contam. Pub Date Free Form Jan Volume 24 Issue 1 Start Page 103 Other Pages 112 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 8500474; 0 (Benzhydryl Compounds); 0 (Epoxy Compounds); 0 (Epoxy Resins); 0 (Estrogens, Non-Steroidal); 0 (Phenols); F3XRM1NX4H (2,2-bis(4-glycidyloxyphenyl)propane); MLT3645I99 (bisphenol A); ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 0265-203X; 0265-203X Accession Number PMID: 17164221 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI L25M4282107X57G6 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 17164221 Abstract The determination of bisphenol A (BPA) and/or bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) in foods sold in Japanese markets and in water leached from six epoxy resin cans with similar diameters was carried out using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection (LC/ECD), LC-mass spectrometric detection (LC/MS) and LC-tandem mass spectrometric detection (LC/MS/MS). BPA concentrations were 0-842 ng g(-1) for 48 canned foods, 0-14 ng g(-1) for 23 foods in plastic containers, and 0-1 ng g(-1) for 16 foods in paper containers. No BADGE was detected in three canned foods. There was no difference in leaching concentrations of BPA into glycine buffers at pHs 8 and 11, and water. The amounts of BPA leached into water from six epoxy resin cans held at 121 degrees C for 20 min were almost the same as the cans' contents and were much higher than the amounts leached from cans held at or below 80 degrees C for 60 min. The amount leached depended on the type of can, but not on the amount of BADGE leached from the cans. Considerably more BPA than BADGE leached to water from six cans. Two cans whose contents had high concentrations of BPA showed no BADGE leaching even at 121 degrees C, suggesting the different kinds of epoxy resin can linings from others. The results imply that the main source of human exposure to BPA is food from cans with linings that contain high percentages of BPA as an additive or an unforeseen contaminant. Descriptors Benzhydryl Compounds, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods, Chromatography, Liquid/methods, Epoxy Compounds/analysis, Epoxy Resins/chemistry, Estrogens, Non-Steroidal/analysis, Food Analysis/methods, Food Contamination/analysis, Food Packaging, Food Preservation, Humans, Japan, Mass Spectrometry/methods, Phenols/analysis Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Sajiki,J., Miyamoto,F., Fukata,H., Mori,C., Yonekubo,J., Hayakawa,K. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
In vitro biofilm characterization and activity of antifungal agents alone and in combination against sessile and planktonic clinical Candida albicans isolates	2007	Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease Periodical, Abbrev. Diagn.Microbiol.Infect.Dis. Pub Date Free Form Mar Volume 57 Issue 3 Start Page 277 Other Pages 281 Notes LR: 20141120; JID: 8305899; 0 (Antifungal Agents); 0 (Echinocandins); 0 (Peptides, Cyclic); 0 (Pyrimidines); 0 (Triazoles); F0XDI6ZL63 (caspofungin); JFU09I87TR (Voriconazole); 2006/08/04 [received]; 2006/09/12 [revised]; 2006/09/15 [accepted]; 2006/12/01 Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 0732-8893; 0732-8893 Accession Number PMID: 17141454 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI S0732-8893(06)00370-1 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 17141454 Abstract Thirty clinical isolates of Candida albicans were collected from blood or other sterile site infections. Biofilm dry weight and metabolic activity were measured for each isolate. Planktonic and sessile antifungal susceptibilities of each isolate were determined for amphotericin B deoxycholate, caspofungin, and voriconazole. Sessile susceptibilities were determined for the combination of caspofungin/voriconazole. No significant differences in biofilm dry weight or metabolic activity were found between bloodstream and other invasive isolates. Planktonic MIC90 values and sessile MIC90 (SMIC90) values were 0.25 and 2, 0.06 and >256, and 0.5 and 2 microg/mL for amphotericin, voriconazole, and caspofungin, respectively. The SMIC90 of the combination of caspofungin/voriconazole against sessile isolates was 0.5/2 microg/mL. Therefore, the source of invasive C. albicans clinical isolates did not affect in vitro biofilm formation. Susceptibility to antifungal agents decreased when C. albicans was associated with biofilm, and the combination of caspofungin/voriconazole did not appear to provide enhanced activity compared with caspofungin alone. Descriptors Antifungal Agents/pharmacology, Biofilms/drug effects, Candida albicans/drug effects/physiology, Drug Therapy, Combination, Echinocandins, Humans, Microbial Sensitivity Tests/methods, Peptides, Cyclic/pharmacology, Pyrimidines/pharmacology, Triazoles/pharmacology, Voriconazole Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Shuford,J. A., Piper,K. E., Steckelberg,J. M., Patel,R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20061201 PMCID Editors
Short segment Barrett's esophagus and distal gastric intestinal metaplasia	2006	Department of Endoscopy and Pathology, "Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceicao" and "Hospital de Clinicas", Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Arquivos de Gastroenterologia Periodical, Abbrev. Arq.Gastroenterol. Pub Date Free Form Apr-Jun Volume 43 Issue 2 Start Page 117 Other Pages 120 Notes JID: 15310600R; 2005/08/31 [received]; 2006/01/04 [accepted]; ppublish Place of Publication Brazil ISSN/ISBN 0004-2803; 0004-2803 Accession Number PMID: 17119666 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI S0004-28032006000200011 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 17119666 Abstract BACKGROUND: Short segment Barrett's esophagus is defined by the presence of <3 cm of columnar-appearing mucosa in the distal esophagus with intestinal metaplasia on histophatological examination. Barrett's esophagus is a risk factor to develop adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. While Barrett's esophagus develops as a result of chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease, intestinal metaplasia in the gastric cardia is a consequence of chronic Helicobacter pylori infection and is associated with distal gastric intestinal metaplasia. It can be difficult to determine whether short-segment columnar epithelium with intestinal metaplasia are lining the esophagus (a condition called short segment Barrett's esophagus) or the proximal stomach (a condition called intestinal metaplasia of the gastric cardia). AIMS: To study the association of short segment Barrett's esophagus (length <3 cm) with gastric intestinal metaplasia (antrum or body) and infection by H. pylori. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eight-nine patients with short segment columnar-appearing mucosa in the esophagus, length <3 cm, were studied. Symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease were recorded. Biopsies were obtained immediately below the squamous-columnar lining, from gastric antrum and gastric corpus for investigation of intestinal metaplasia and H. pylori. RESULTS: Forty-two from 89 (47.2%) patients were diagnosed with esophageal intestinal metaplasia by histopathology. The mean-age was significantly higher in the group with esophageal intestinal metaplasia. The two groups were similar in terms of gender (male: female), gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms and H. pylori infection. Gastric intestinal metaplasia (antrum or body) was diagnosed in 21 from 42 (50.0%) patients in the group with esophageal intestinal metaplasia and 7 from 47 (14.9%) patients in the group with esophageal columnar appearing mucosa but without intestinal metaplasia. CONCLUSION: Intestinal metaplasia is a frequent finding in patients with <3 cm of columnar-appearing mucosa in the distal esophagus. In the present study, short segment intestinal metaplasia in the esophagus is associated with distal gastric intestinal metaplasia. Gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms and H. pylori infection did not differ among the two groups studied. Descriptors Barrett Esophagus/complications/pathology, Biopsy, Cardia/pathology, Esophagoscopy, Female, Gastritis/microbiology/pathology, Gastroesophageal Reflux/complications/pathology, Helicobacter Infections/complications/pathology, Humans, Intestines/pathology, Male, Metaplasia/pathology, Middle Aged, Stomach/pathology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Dietz,J., Chaves-E-Silva,S., Meurer,L., Sekine,S., de Souza,A. R., Meine,G. C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Studies on commuters' exposure to BTEX in passenger cars in Kolkata, India	2007	Department of Chemistry, University College of Science Technology and Agriculture, 92, A. P. C. Road, Kolkata 700 009, India.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Science of the total environment Periodical, Abbrev. Sci.Total Environ. Pub Date Free Form 1-Jan Volume 372 Issue 3-Feb Start Page 426 Other Pages 432 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 0330500; 0 (Air Pollutants); 0 (Benzene Derivatives); 0 (Petroleum); 0 (Vehicle Emissions); 0 (Xylenes); 3FPU23BG52 (Toluene); J64922108F (Benzene); 2006/04/28 [received]; 2006/09/07 [revised]; 2006/09/19 [accepted]; 2006/11/17 [aheadof Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 0048-9697; 0048-9697 Accession Number PMID: 17113131 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI S0048-9697(06)00736-4 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 17113131 Abstract Commuters' exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) especially BTEX travelling in passenger cars in Kolkata, India were quantified in Phase I (2001-2002) and Phase II (2003-2004). Monitoring was made inside and in the immediate outside of passenger cars fitted with and without catalytic converters using different types of fuels, along two congested urban routes. During Phase I of the study, the benzene content in gasoline was 5% and the mean concentration of in-vehicle benzene in cars without catalytic converter was found to be as high as 721.2 microg/m3. In Phase II when the benzene content was reduced to <3% and with modified engine type, the mean in-vehicle benzene concentration was reduced to 112.4 microg/m3. The in-vehicle concentration varied with engine type and age of the vehicle. Roadside ambient mean concentration of benzene was 214.8 microg/m3 and 30.8 microg/m3 in Phase I and Phase II respectively. Descriptors Air Pollutants/analysis, Air Pollution, Indoor, Analysis of Variance, Automobiles, Benzene/analysis, Benzene Derivatives/analysis, Cities, Environmental Exposure, Humans, India, Petroleum, Toluene/analysis, Vehicle Emissions/analysis, Volatilization, Xylenes/analysis Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Som,D., Dutta,C., Chatterjee,A., Mallick,D., Jana,T. K., Sen,S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20061117 PMCID Editors
Relationship between smoking and folic acid, vitamin B12 and some haematological variables in patients with chronic periodontal disease	2006	Periodontology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey. olgun_ebru@yahoo.com	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of clinical periodontology Periodical, Abbrev. J.Clin.Periodontol. Pub Date Free Form Dec Volume 33 Issue 12 Start Page 878 Other Pages 884 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 0425123; 0 (Hemoglobins); 935E97BOY8 (Folic Acid); P6YC3EG204 (Vitamin B 12); ppublish Place of Publication Denmark ISSN/ISBN 0303-6979; 0303-6979 Accession Number PMID: 17092240 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; D; IM DOI CPE1003 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 17092240 Abstract AIM: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between cigarette smoking and the serum levels of folic acid, vitamin B(12) and some haematological variables in patients with periodontal disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study base consisted of 88 volunteer patients with periodontal disease, including 45 current smokers in the age range 31-68 years and 43 non-smokers in the range 32-66 years. The clinical parameters included plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment loss (CAL). Folic acid, vitamin B(12) and haematological variables were determined from peripheral blood samples. RESULTS: PI, PD and CAL means were significantly higher in smokers than non-smokers (p<0.05). The serum folic acid concentration of smokers was lower than that of non-smokers (p<0.05), whereas the white blood cell count was higher in smokers than in non-smokers (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that among patients with periodontal disease the serum folic acid concentration is lower in smokers compared with non-smokers. Descriptors Adult, Aged, Blood Cell Count, Chronic Disease, Dental Plaque Index, Female, Folic Acid/blood, Gingival Hemorrhage/classification, Gingivitis/classification, Hemoglobins/analysis, Humans, Leukocyte Count, Male, Middle Aged, Periodontal Attachment Loss/classification, Periodontal Diseases/blood/classification, Periodontal Index, Periodontal Pocket/classification, Smoking/blood, Vitamin B 12/blood Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Erdemir,E. O., Bergstrom,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Air pollution in Boston bars before and after a smoking ban	2006	Department of Public Health and Family Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA. repace@comcast.net	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full BMC public health Periodical, Abbrev. BMC Public Health Pub Date Free Form 27-Oct Volume 6 Issue Start Page 266 Other Pages Notes LR: 20140907; JID: 100968562; 0 (Air Pollutants, Occupational); 0 (Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic); 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); OID: NLM: PMC1637107; 2006/04/28 [received]; 2006/10/27 [accepted]; 2006/10/27 [aheadofprint]; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1471-2458; 1471-2458 Accession Number PMID: 17069654 Language eng SubFile Evaluation Studies; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 1471-2458-6-266 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 17069654 Abstract BACKGROUND: We quantified the air quality benefits of a smoke-free workplace law in Boston Massachusetts, U.S.A., by measuring air pollution from secondhand smoke (SHS) in 7 pubs before and after the law, comparing actual ventilation practices to engineering society (ASHRAE) recommendations, and assessing SHS levels using health and comfort indices. METHODS: We performed real-time measurements of respirable particle (RSP) air pollution and particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PPAH), in 7 pubs and outdoors in a model-based design yielding air exchange rates for RSP removal. We also assessed ventilation rates from carbon dioxide concentrations. We compared RSP air pollution to the federal Air Quality Index (AQI) and the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) to assess health risks, and assessed odor and irritation levels using published SHS-RSP thresholds. RESULTS: Pre-smoking-ban RSP levels in 6 pubs (one pub with a non-SHS air quality problem was excluded) averaged 179 microg/m3, 23 times higher than post-ban levels, which averaged 7.7 microg/m3, exceeding the NAAQS for fine particle pollution (PM2.5) by nearly 4-fold. Pre-smoking ban levels of fine particle air pollution in all 7 of the pubs were in the Unhealthy to Hazardous range of the AQI. In the same 6 pubs, pre-ban indoor carcinogenic PPAH averaged 61.7 ng/m3, nearly 10 times higher than post-ban levels of 6.32 ng/m3. Post-ban particulate air pollution levels were in the Good AQI range, except for 1 venue with a defective gas-fired deep-fat fryer, while post-ban carcinogen levels in all 7 pubs were lower than outdoors. CONCLUSION: During smoking, although pub ventilation rates per occupant were within ASHRAE design parameters for the control of carbon dioxide levels for the number of occupants present, they failed to control SHS carcinogens or RSP. Nonsmokers' SHS odor and irritation sensory thresholds were massively exceeded. Post-ban air pollution measurements showed 90% to 95% reductions in PPAH and RSP respectively, differing little from outdoor concentrations. Ventilation failed to control SHS, leading to increased risk of the diseases of air pollution for nonsmoking workers and patrons. Boston's smoking ban eliminated this risk. Descriptors Air Movements, Air Pollutants, Occupational/analysis, Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis/legislation & jurisprudence/prevention & control, Boston, Environmental Monitoring/methods, Guidelines as Topic, Humans, Occupational Exposure/legislation & jurisprudence/prevention & control, Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic/analysis, Program Evaluation, Public Policy, Restaurants/legislation & jurisprudence, Risk Assessment, Smoking/legislation & jurisprudence/prevention & control, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/analysis/legislation & jurisprudence/prevention & control, Ventilation/standards Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Repace,J. L., Hyde,J. N., Brugge,D. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20061027 PMCID PMC1637107 Editors
Pilot study on the presence of Legionella spp in 6 Italian cities' dental units	2006	Dip. di Scienze Biomediche ed Oncologia Umana, Sezione di Igiene, Universita degli Studi di Bari. montagna@igiene.uniba.it	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Annali di Igiene : Medicina Preventiva e di Comunita Periodical, Abbrev. Ann.Ig. Pub Date Free Form Jul-Aug Volume 18 Issue 4 Start Page 297 Other Pages 303 Notes LR: 20061115; JID: 9002865; ppublish Place of Publication Italy ISSN/ISBN 1120-9135; 1120-9135 Accession Number PMID: 17063628 Language ita SubFile Comparative Study; English Abstract; Evaluation Studies; Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 17063628 Abstract Among the microorganism involved in environmental contamination, Legionella spp is actually considered an important infectious hazard. The aim of this study is to evaluate the incidence of Legionella spp in water samples collected from 138 dental unit selected from public outpatient clinics of 6 Italian cities. The samples were taken from oral rinsing cup, air-water syringe, ultrasonic scaler and the turbine to investigate Legionella spp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the total heterotrophic count at 36 degrees and 22 degrees. Legionella spp was present in 33,3% dental unit water; but a significant difference was shown among the enrolled cities. In 43,5% of water sample Legionella concentration was 1.000-10.000 CFU/L and in 30,4% was >10.000 CFU/L. L. pneumophila 1 was found in 23,9% of water samples. The results demonstrate that the concentration of Legionella spp in dental unit water lines could be high and this suggests that the exposure to these micoorganism during the dental practise could be a potential health risk both for dental personnel and for the patients too, especially when immunocompromised. Descriptors Colony Count, Microbial, Dental Clinics, Dental Equipment/microbiology, Environmental Pollution, Humans, Italy, Legionella/isolation & purification, Pilot Projects, Pseudomonas aeruginosa/isolation & purification, Water Microbiology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Montagna,M. T., Tato,D., Napoli,C., Castiglia,P., Guidetti,L., Liguori,G., Petti,S., Tanzi,M. L., Gruppo di Lavoro SItI L'Igiene in Odontoiatria Original/Translated Title Studio pilota sulla presenza di Legionella spp nei riuniti odontoiatrici di 6 citta italiane URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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