Image
WTS Database
The subject of interest is:
waterpipe, water-pipe, nargile, narghile, arguileh, arguile, shisha, sheesha, chichi, hubble bubble, hubbly bubbly, goza, hookah, bong
| Title | Pub Year | Author Sort descending | SearchLink |
|---|---|---|---|
| Effectiveness of lifestyle change plus dental care (LCDC) program on improving glycemic and periodontal status in the elderly with type 2 diabetes | 2014 | Health center 54, Bangkok, Thailand. saruta79@gmail.com. | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
BMC oral health
Periodical, Abbrev.
BMC Oral Health.
Pub Date Free Form
16-Jun
Volume
14
Issue
Start Page
72
Other Pages
6831-14-72
Notes
LR: 20151119; JID: 101088684; 0 (Blood Glucose); 0 (Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated); OID: NLM: PMC4069273; 2014/02/27 [received]; 2014/06/09 [accepted]; 2014/06/16 [aheadofprint]; epublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1472-6831; 1472-6831
Accession Number
PMID: 24934646
Language
eng
SubFile
Comparative Study; Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; D; IM
DOI
10.1186/1472-6831-14-72 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
24934646
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Currently, there is an increased prevalence of diabetes mellitus among the elderly. To minimize adverse effects on glycemic control, prevention and management of general and oral complications in diabetic patients is essential. The purpose of the present study is to assess the effectiveness of a Lifestyle Change plus Dental Care (LCDC) program to improve glycemic and periodontal status in the elderly with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: A quasi-experimental study was conducted in Health Centers 54 (intervention) and 59 (control) from October 2013 to January 2014. 66 diabetic patients per health center were included. At baseline, the intervention group attended a 20 minute lifestyle and oral health education program, individual lifestyle counseling using motivational interviewing (MI), application of self regulation manual, and individual oral hygiene instruction. The intervention group received booster education every visit by viewing a 15 minute educational video. The control group received a routine program. Participants were assessed at baseline and 3 month follow up for glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), body mass index (BMI), periodontal status, knowledge, attitude and practice of oral health and diabetes mellitus. Data were analyzed by using descriptive statistic, Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, t-test, and multiple linear regression. RESULTS: After the 3 month follow up, a multiple linear regression analysis showed that the intervention group was significantly negatively correlated in both glycemic and periodontal status. Participants in the intervention group had significantly lower glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), plaque index score, gingival index score, pocket depth, clinical attachment level (CAL), and percentage of bleeding on probing (BOP) when compared to the control group. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of lifestyle change and dental care in one program improved both glycemic and periodontal status in the elderly with type 2 diabetes. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.in.th: TCTR20140602001.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Saengtipbovorn,S., Taneepanichskul,S.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20140616
PMCID
PMC4069273
Editors
|
|||
| Reactions to FDA-Proposed Graphic Warning Labels Affixed to U.S. Smokers' Cigarette Packs | 2015 | Health Communication Research Laboratory, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO; amcqueen@dom.wustl.edu.; Health Communication Research Laboratory, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO;; Health Communication Research Laboratory, W | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco
Periodical, Abbrev.
Nicotine Tob.Res.
Pub Date Free Form
Jul
Volume
17
Issue
7
Start Page
784
Other Pages
795
Notes
LR: 20160701; CI: (c) The Author 2015; GR: P50CA95815-09S1/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9815751; OID: NLM: PMC4542680; 2014/01/31 [received]; 2014/12/15 [accepted]; 2015/01/14 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1469-994X; 1462-2203
Accession Number
PMID: 25589676
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1093/ntr/ntu339 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
25589676
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Graphic warning labels have been shown to be more effective than text-only labels in increasing attention and perceived health risks, but most U.S. studies have involved single exposures in laboratory or Internet settings. METHODS: We recruited a convenience sample (N = 202) of U.S. adult smokers from population subgroups with higher rates of smoking and smoking-related deaths who had participated in a larger survey about graphic warning labels. Participants were randomized to get 1 of 9 graphic + text labels or a text-only label. Research staff affixed a warning label sticker to participants' cigarette pack(s) at enrollment. Color graphic labels covered slightly more than the lower half of packs. Black and white labels of current U.S. text-only warnings covered the existing side warning to prompt attention to the label (i.e., attention control). Participants received extra stickers of the same label for subsequent packs, and completed 3 telephone interviews in 1 week. RESULTS: Participants reported low avoidance (
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco
Data Source
Authors
McQueen,A., Kreuter,M.W., Boyum,S., Thompson,V.S., Caburnay,C.A., Waters,E.A., Kaphingst,K.A., Rath,S., Fu,Q.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20150114
PMCID
PMC4542680
Editors
|
|||
| Patterns, Beliefs, Norms and Perceived Harms of Hookah Smoking in North Iran | 2017 | Health Management and Social Development Research Center, Golbarg Aval St, South Motahhari Av, Karimi Sq, Gorgan, Iran. Email: Charkazi@goums.ac.ir | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP
Periodical, Abbrev.
Asian Pac.J.Cancer.Prev.
Pub Date Free Form
1-Mar
Volume
18
Issue
3
Start Page
823
Other Pages
830
Notes
LR: 20181113; CI: Creative Commons Attribution License; JID: 101130625; OTO: NOTNLM; 2017/04/27 06:00 [pubmed]; 2017/04/27 06:00 [medline]; 2017/04/27 06:00 [entrez]; epublish
Place of Publication
Thailand
ISSN/ISBN
2476-762X; 1513-7368
Accession Number
PMID: 28441793
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article
DOI
10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.3.823 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
28441793
Abstract
Introduction: Hookah smoking is considered as a public health threat around the globe. The aim of this study was to investigatethe hookah smoking patterns, beliefs, norms and perceived harms in Golestan province of Iran. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 395 hookah smokers using convenience sampling method in 2015. To collect data, Heinz's hookah patternwas utilized. Ordinal regression models were used to exploring of covariates related to the odds of life time, last-30-day, and current hookah use. Results: In general, 357 (90.4%) subjects were male smokers. Most of subjects smoked hookah in cafe (62.2%) and with friends (75.6%). The majority of them (71.1%) did not consider themselves as a hooked person. Cigarette smoking (OR =.65, 95 % CI .42-.98), low perceived addictiveness of hookah than cigarettes (OR =2.33, 95 % CI 1.45-3.73), Social context of hookah smoking with friends in cafe (OR =1.14, 95 % CI 1.08-1.2), and number of close friends who smoked hookah (OR =1.38, 95 % CI 1.18-1.61) were effective variables affected the past month use of hookah. Conclusion:Development, implementation and assessment of interventions particularly adapted to hookah smoking regarding increase of perceived harm of hookah than cigarette and its probable addiction focusing on close friends appeared to be beneficial.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Ozouni Davaji,R.B., Dadban Shahamat,Y., Hajili Davaji,F., Mirkarimi,K., Charkazi,A., Pahlavanzadeh,B., Seydghasemi,N.S., Sharifirad,G., Moodi,M., Elahi,A.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20170301
PMCID
PMC5464506
Editors
|
|||
| Wanna know about vaping? Patterns of message exposure, seeking and sharing information about e-cigarettes across media platforms | 2014 | Health Media Collaboratory, Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.; Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.; Health Media Collaboratory, Institute f | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Tobacco control
Periodical, Abbrev.
Tob.Control
Pub Date Free Form
Jul
Volume
23 Suppl 3
Issue
Start Page
iii17
Other Pages
25
Notes
LR: 20151119; CI: Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.; GR: 5U01CA154254/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: U0
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1468-3318; 0964-4563
Accession Number
PMID: 24935893
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM
DOI
10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2014-051648 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
24935893
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Awareness and use of electronic cigarettes has rapidly grown in the USA recently, in step with increased product marketing. Using responses to a population survey of US adults, we analysed demographic patterns of exposure to, searching for and sharing of e-cigarette-related information across media platforms. METHODS: An online survey of 17,522 US adults was conducted in 2013. The nationally representative sample was drawn from GfK Group's KnowledgePanel plus off-panel recruitment. Fixed effects logit models were applied to analyse relationships between exposure to, searching for and sharing of e-cigarette-related information and demographic characteristics, e-cigarette and tobacco use, and media behaviours. RESULTS: High levels of awareness about e-cigarettes were indicated (86% aware; 47% heard through media channels). Exposure to e-cigarette-related information was associated with tobacco use, age, gender, more education, social media use and time spent online. Although relatively small proportions of the sample had searched for ( approximately 5%) or shared ( approximately 2%) e-cigarette information, our analyses indicated demographic patterns to those behaviours. Gender, high income and using social media were associated with searching for e-cigarette information; lesbian, gay and bisexual and less education were associated with sharing. Current tobacco use, age, being Hispanic and time spent online were associated with both searching and sharing. CONCLUSIONS: US adults are widely exposed to e-cigarette marketing through the media; such marketing may differentially target specific demographic groups. Further research should longitudinally examine how exposure to, searching for and sharing of e-cigarette information relate to subsequent use of e-cigarettes and/or combustible tobacco.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Emery,S.L., Vera,L., Huang,J., Szczypka,G.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
PMC4078680
Editors
|
|||
| The prevalence, correlates and reasons for using electronic cigarettes among New Zealand adults | 2015 | Health Promotion Agency, P.O. Box 2142, Wellington 6140, New Zealand. Electronic address: j.li@hpa.org.nz.; Health Promotion Agency, P.O. Box 2142, Wellington 6140, New Zealand. Electronic address: r.newcombe@hpa.org.nz.; Health Promotion Agency, P.O. Box | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Addictive Behaviors
Periodical, Abbrev.
Addict.Behav.
Pub Date Free Form
Jun
Volume
45
Issue
Start Page
245
Other Pages
251
Notes
CI: Copyright (c) 2015; JID: 7603486; OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/10/23 [received]; 2015/01/21 [revised]; 2015/02/11 [accepted]; 2015/02/20 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1873-6327; 0306-4603
Accession Number
PMID: 25744712
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.02.006 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
25744712
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: There is strong interest in the use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) globally. This paper is the first to report population-based data on ever-use and current use of e-cigarettes among New Zealand adults. The paper also extends previous international studies by exploring the reasons for trying e-cigarettes, ever users' recall of brand(s) they have ever tried, and current users' recall of their current brand. METHODS: The Health and Lifestyles Survey (HLS) is a biennial face-to-face in-house survey of New Zealand adults aged 15 years or over. In 2014, 2594 participants completed the survey. RESULTS: Ever-use and current use of e-cigarettes were 13.1% and 0.8% respectively. Tobacco smoking status predicted the use of e-cigarettes, with current smokers reporting the highest rate of use (50% ever-use and 4% current use). Among current smokers who had tried an e-cigarette, curiosity (49%) and desire to quit smoking (37%) were the most common reasons for trying. About half of the ever-users could not name any of the brand(s) they had ever tried, and one-fifth of current users could not name their current brand. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with other countries, New Zealand has a high rate of ever-use. Among current smokers, one in two had tried an e-cigarette. However, progression to regular use appears to be rare. The finding that 18% of current e-cigarette users could not name their current brand highlights the importance of investigating users' knowledge of e-cigarettes in general and assessing the factors that influence brand choice such as advertising, price, and accessibility.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Elsevier Ltd
Data Source
Authors
Li,J., Newcombe,R., Walton,D.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20150220
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Exploring comorbid use of marijuana, tobacco, and alcohol among 14 to 15-year-olds: findings from a national survey on adolescent substance use | 2015 | Health Promotion Agency, Wellington, New Zealand. j.white@hpa.org.nz.; Health Promotion Agency, Wellington, New Zealand. d.walton@hpa.org.nz.; University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand. d.walton@hpa.org.nz.; National Institute for Health Innovat | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
BMC public health
Periodical, Abbrev.
BMC Public Health
Pub Date Free Form
10-Mar
Volume
15
Issue
Start Page
233
Other Pages
015-1585-9
Notes
LR: 20150418; JID: 100968562; OID: NLM: PMC4372321; 2013/10/02 [received]; 2015/02/25 [accepted]; 2015/03/10 [aheadofprint]; epublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1471-2458; 1471-2458
Accession Number
PMID: 25880154
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1186/s12889-015-1585-9 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
25880154
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Understanding the patterns of comorbid substance use, particularly among adolescents, is necessary to address resulting harm. This study investigated the prevalence of comorbid use of marijuana, tobacco and binge drinking among 14 to 15-year-olds. The study also examined the relationship between comorbid substance use and behaviour frequency and explored common underlying risk factors for comorbid substance use. METHODS: A nationally representative sample of 3,017 New Zealand Year 10 students completed self-report measures of marijuana use, tobacco use, binge drinking and socio-demographic characteristics in the 2012 Youth Insights Survey (YIS). Weighted population estimates were calculated. Ordinal logistic regression models were constructed to a) investigate the relationship between comorbidity and substance use behaviour frequency, and b) profile those with the greatest degree of comorbid substance use. RESULTS: In the past month, one-in-twenty (4.7%) students had engaged in all three substance use behaviours, 5.8% in two, and 11.9% in one. Around half of adolescents who had engaged in one had also engaged in another, with three-quarters of tobacco-users also using marijuana and/or binge drinking. Respondents who reported a greater degree of comorbidity were likely to engage in substance use behaviour more frequently. Comorbid substance use was significantly predicted by gender, ethnicity, school decile status, past week income, social connectedness, and parental monitoring and rule enforcement. CONCLUSIONS: The results identify a core group of adolescents sharing common characteristics who frequently engage in comorbid substance use behaviours. More sophisticated and wider interventions addressing multiple substances are required, especially for marijuana and tobacco use.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
White,J., Walton,D., Walker,N.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20150310
PMCID
PMC4372321
Editors
|
|||
| Measuring indoor air quality of hookah lounges | 2012 | Health Promotion and Chronic Disease section of the Oregon Public Health Division, Oregon Health Authority, Portland, OR 97232-2195, USA. | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
American Journal of Public Health
Periodical, Abbrev.
Am.J.Public Health
Pub Date Free Form
Nov
Volume
102
Issue
11
Start Page
2043
Other Pages
2045
Notes
LR: 20150222; JID: 1254074; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); OID: NLM: PMC3477955; 2012/09/20 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
1541-0048; 0090-0036
Accession Number
PMID: 22994168
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; AIM; IM
DOI
10.2105/AJPH.2012.300751 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
22994168
Abstract
Many states have implemented smoke-free workplace laws to protect employees and customers from exposure to secondhand smoke. However, exemptions in these laws have allowed indoor tobacco smoking in hookah lounges to proliferate in recent years. To describe the amount of secondhand smoke in hookah lounges, we measured the indoor air quality of 10 hookah lounges in Oregon. Air quality measurements ranged from "unhealthy" to "hazardous" according to Environmental Protection Agency standards, indicating a potential health risk for patrons and employees.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Fiala,S.C., Morris,D.S., Pawlak,R.L.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20120920
PMCID
PMC3477955
Editors
|
|||
| Smoking outdoors at pubs and bars: is it a problem? An air quality study | 2011 | Health Promotion and Policy Research Unit, Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand. richard.edwards@otago.ac.nz | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
The New Zealand medical journal
Periodical, Abbrev.
N.Z.Med.J.
Pub Date Free Form
16-Dec
Volume
124
Issue
1347
Start Page
27
Other Pages
37
Notes
JID: 0401067; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); epublish
Place of Publication
New Zealand
ISSN/ISBN
1175-8716; 0028-8446
Accession Number
PMID: 22237565
Language
eng
SubFile
Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
22237565
Abstract
AIMS: (i) To measure air quality in semi-enclosed outdoor smoking areas of pubs and bars in New Zealand. (ii) To evaluate evidence of drift of fine particulates of secondhand smoke (SHS) from semi-enclosed outdoor smoking areas to indoor (smoke-free) areas. (iii) To evaluate evidence that the degree of communication between the outdoor smoking area and indoor areas influences the level of particulates indoors. METHODS: We measured fine particulate levels (PM(2.5)) using portable real-time aerosol monitors in a convenience sample of seven pubs and bars in central Wellington City. This was on one to three occasions (12 measurements in total) over four different nights. RESULTS: On the first two nights, when there was no or infrequent communication between the outdoor and indoor areas, the mean level of PM(2.5) varied from 32 to 109 mug/m(3) in the outdoor smoking area, and from 14 to 79 mug/m(3) in the adjacent indoor areas. On nights three and four, communicating doors were generally open most of the time. The mean level of PM(2.5) varied from 29 to 192 mug/m(3) in the smoking areas, from 36 to 117 mug/m(3) in adjacent indoor areas, and from 23 to 104 mug/m(3) in more distant indoor areas. Levels of PM(2.5) in adjacent indoor areas were highest in pubs where communicating doors were open all the time (mean 117 mug/m(3)), intermediate where communicating doors were open intermittently (mean 85 mug/m(3)), and lowest when they were wholly or mainly closed (mean 25 mug/m(3)). CONCLUSIONS: Air quality in semi-enclosed outdoor smoking areas was variable, and in some pubs was very poor. Where free communication exists between outdoor smoking areas and indoor areas, SHS drift can often greatly reduce indoor air quality throughout the pub or bar. Regulations to restrict the degree of communication and proximity of smoking areas to indoor areas may be justified to maintain indoor air quality and to protect health, particularly that of workers.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Edwards,R., Wilson,N.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20111216
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| A descriptive study of waterpipe smoking among college students | 2013 | Health Promotion/Risk Reduction Interventions with Vulnerable Populations, School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-5482, USA. dnoonan@umich.edu | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Am.Assoc.Nurse.Pract.
Pub Date Free Form
Jan
Volume
25
Issue
1
Start Page
11
Other Pages
15
Notes
LR: 20151119; CI: (c)2012 The Author(s) Journal compilation (c)2012; GR: 5T32NR007073-18/NR/NINR NIH HHS/United States; GR: T32 NR007073/NR/NINR NIH HHS/United States; GR: T32 NR007073-19/NR/NINR NIH HHS/United States; JID: 101600770; NIHMS364060; OID: NL
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
2327-6924; 2327-6886
Accession Number
PMID: 23279274
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; N
DOI
10.1111/j.1745-7599.2012.00781.x [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
23279274
Abstract
PURPOSE: The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine waterpipe smoking and beliefs about waterpipe smoking in a sample of college students from a public university in Virginia. DATA SOURCES: A web-based survey was sent to 1000 undergraduate students recruiting them to participate in the study. Measures from the investigator-developed Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) Waterpipe Questionnaire were used to capture belief-based components of the TRA related to waterpipe use. Descriptive statistics were used to examine the prevalence of waterpipe smoking and beliefs associated with waterpipe smoking. CONCLUSIONS: Of the sample (n = 223), 71% of males and 52% of females reporting ever smoking tobacco using a waterpipe and 22% of males and 5% of females reporting current waterpipe smoking. Of the sample, 28% of males and 10% of females were current cigarette smokers and 25% of males and 10% of females were current marijuana users. Common beliefs associated with waterpipe smoking are also presented. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Nurse practitioners working with college students need to be aware of the multiple forms of tobacco that students may engage in. They also should be aware of the common beliefs about waterpipe smoking. This information is useful when targeting and counseling patients about alternative tobacco products like waterpipe smoking.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
American Association of Nurse Practitioners
Data Source
Authors
Noonan,D.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20120924
PMCID
PMC3539218
Editors
|
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| Secondhand smoke exposure and risk following the Irish smoking ban: an assessment of salivary cotinine concentrations in hotel workers and air nicotine levels in bars | 2005 | Health Service Executive, Western Area, The Annex, Galway, Republic of Ireland. mauricemulcahy@eircom.net | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Tobacco control
Periodical, Abbrev.
Tob.Control
Pub Date Free Form
Dec
Volume
14
Issue
6
Start Page
384
Other Pages
388
Notes
LR: 20151119; JID: 9209612; 0 (Biomarkers); 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); K5161X06LL (Cotinine); OID: NLM: PMC1748138; ppublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1468-3318; 0964-4563
Accession Number
PMID: 16319361
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
14/6/384 [pii]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
16319361
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether the Irish smoking ban has had an impact on secondhand smoke (SHS) exposures for hospitality workers. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Before and after the smoking ban a cohort of workers (n = 35) from a sample of city hotels (n = 15) were tested for saliva cotinine concentrations and completed questionnaires. Additionally, a random sample (n = 20) of city centre bars stratified by size (range 400-5000 square feet), were tested for air nicotine concentrations using passive samplers before and after the ban. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Salivary cotinine concentrations (ng/ml), duration of self reported exposures to secondhand smoke, air nicotine (microg/cubic metre). RESULTS: Cotinine concentrations reduced by 69%, from 1.6 ng/ml to 0.5 ng/ml median (SD 1.29; p < 0.005). Overall 74% of subjects experienced decreases (range 16-99%), with 60% showing a halving of exposure levels at follow up. Self reported exposure to SHS at work showed a significant reduction from a median 30 hours a week to zero (p < 0.001). There was an 83% reduction in air nicotine concentrations from median 35.5 microg/m3 to 5.95 microg/m3 (p < 0.001). At baseline, three bars (16%) were below the 6.8 microg/m3 air nicotine significant risk level for lung cancer alone; at follow up this increased to 10 (53%). CONCLUSIONS: Passive smoking and associated risks were significantly reduced but not totally eliminated. Exposure to SHS is still possible for those working where smoking is still allowed and those working where smoke may migrate from outdoor areas. Further research is required to assess the true extent and magnitude of these exposures.
Descriptors
Adolescent, Adult, Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis, Biomarkers/analysis, Cotinine/analysis, Environmental Monitoring/methods, Humans, Ireland, Middle Aged, Nicotine/analysis, Occupational Exposure/analysis, Restaurants, Risk Assessment, Saliva/chemistry, Smoking/legislation & jurisprudence/prevention & control, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/analysis
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Mulcahy,M., Evans,D. S., Hammond,S. K., Repace,J. L., Byrne,M.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
PMC1748138
Editors
|
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