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Title Sort ascending	Pub Year	Author	SearchLink
Electronic Cigarette Trial and Use among Young Adults: Reasons for Trial and Cessation of Vaping	2015	Center for Survey Research, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125, USA. lois.biener@umb.edu.; Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA. esong@wak	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full International journal of environmental research and public health Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Environ.Res.Public.Health. Pub Date Free Form 17-Dec Volume 12 Issue 12 Start Page 16019 Other Pages 16026 Notes LR: 20160107; GR: R01CA141643-04S2/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 101238455; 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); OID: NLM: PMC4690975; OTO: NOTNLM; 2015/10/02 [received]; 2015/11/30 [revised]; 2015/12/10 [accepted]; epublish Place of Publication Switzerland ISSN/ISBN 1660-4601; 1660-4601 Accession Number PMID: 26694438 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 10.3390/ijerph121215039 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26694438 Abstract This paper identifies predictors of trial and current use, and reasons for trying and ceasing use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) among young adults, with particular attention to former and never smokers. Data are from a mail survey of a population-based sample of adults aged 18 to 35 (N = 4740) in three U.S. metropolitan areas. Survey items assessed trial and use of e-cigarettes, cigarette smoking status, and reasons for trial and for ceasing use of e-cigarettes. Almost 23% reported trial of e-cigarettes, and 8.4% reported using them in the past month. Current smokers were much more likely to have tried e-cigarettes (70.2%) than both former (32.3%) and never smokers (7.6%; p Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Biener,L., Song,E., Sutfin,E.L., Spangler,J., Wolfson,M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20151217 PMCID PMC4690975 Editors
Electronic Cigarette and Electronic Hookah: A Pilot Study Comparing Two Vaping Products	2015		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Preventive medicine reports Periodical, Abbrev. Prev.Med.Rep. Pub Date Free Form Volume 2 Issue Start Page 953 Other Pages 958 Notes LR: 20160110; GR: P50 DA036128/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; JID: 101643766; NIHMS740327; OTO: NOTNLM; ppublish Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 2211-3355; 2211-3355 Accession Number PMID: 26740911 Language ENG SubFile JOURNAL ARTICLE DOI 10.1016/j.pmedr.2015.10.012 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26740911 Abstract INTRODUCTION: Since the introduction of e-cigarettes into the U.S. market, the number and variety of vaping products has proliferated. E-hookahs are long, pen-like vaping devices that debuted in U.S. markets in 2014. By applying the Host, Agent, Vector, Environment (HAVE) Model, the objective of this exploratory study was to assess differences between e-cigarettes and e-hookahs to help inform tobacco regulatory science and practice. METHODS: In June-August 2014, a total of 54 unique manufactured e-cigarette and e-hookah products were identified at point of sales (POS) around three college campuses in Southeast U.S. Documented characteristics included brand name, disposable, rechargeable, nicotine containing, packaging, and flavor type. Statistical analyses were conducted October to November 2014 to assess frequency and percent of product type across POS and specific characteristics. RESULTS: Among 54 products, 70.4% were e-cigarettes and 29.6% were e-hookahs. Across POS, drug stores and grocery stores carried e-cigarettes exclusively, while gas stations carried the greatest proportion of e-hookahs. Compared to e-hookahs, a greater proportion of e-cigarettes were non-disposable and contained nicotine; a greater proportion of e-hookahs came in fruit and other types of flavors compared to e-cigarettes. CONCLUSIONS: The present study suggests that e-cigarettes and e-hookahs differ by specific product characteristics and by places where they are sold. Despite these differences, the products are used for similar purposes warranting careful monitoring of industry manufacturing and marketing, because the safety of both products is still undetermined. Additional research is needed to understand the uptake and continued use of these products. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Dube,S.R., Pathak,S., Nyman,A.L., Eriksen,M.P. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID PMC4698898 Editors
Electroencephalography and magnetic resonance imaging after diving and decompression incidents: a controlled study	1999	Research Institute of Military Medicine, Naval Department, Helsinki, Finland.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Undersea & hyperbaric medicine : journal of the Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society, Inc Periodical, Abbrev. Undersea Hyperb.Med. Pub Date Free Form Summer Volume 26 Issue 2 Start Page 61 Other Pages 65 Notes LR: 20041117; JID: 9312954; ppublish Place of Publication UNITED STATES ISSN/ISBN 1066-2936; 1066-2936 Accession Number PMID: 10372424 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM; S DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 10372424 Abstract Electroencephalography and magnetic resonance imaging after diving and decompression incidents: a controlled study. Undersea Hyper Med 1999.; 26(2):61-65.--Diving incidents with symptoms of decompression sickness (DCS) and/or arterial gas emboli (AGE) might increase the degree of pathologic change in the electroencephalogram (EEG) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the supraspinal central nervous system (CNS). Diving itself, even without known symptoms of DCS and/or AGE, has been proposed to increase the number of CNS lesions using either EEG or MRI. In the first part of a two-part study we examined the effects of recompression treatment on EEG in decompression incidents in a group of sport and professional divers compared with a control group of healthy naval divers. In the second part we recorded brain MRI from three groups of volunteers: 1) divers who were treated for DCS in pressure chamber, 2) divers who had never had symptoms of DCS (and/or AGE), and 3) healthy normal controls who were not divers. Our results indicate that DCS increases the incidence of pathologic EEG recordings, whereas recompression treatment decreases them. The results of MRI do not verify evidence of increased numbers of CNS lesions in normal divers as compared to non-diving, healthy control subjects, whereas some of the divers treated for DCS in a pressure chamber had hyperintense lesions in brain white matter. None of them had any abnormalities in EEG, neurologic performance, or psychologic behavior. Both EEG and MRI are sensitive and non-specific methods for judging suspected evidence of brain lesions from diving or diving accidents. Descriptors Adult, Case-Control Studies, Decompression Sickness/physiopathology/therapy, Diving/physiology, Electroencephalography, Embolism, Air/physiopathology, High Pressure Neurological Syndrome/physiopathology, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Sipinen,S. A., Ahovuo,J., Halonen,J. P. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Electro membrane extraction followed by low-density solvent based ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction combined with derivatization for determining chlorophenols and analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry	2012	Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of chromatography.A Periodical, Abbrev. J.Chromatogr.A Pub Date Free Form 22-Jun Volume 1243 Issue Start Page 14 Other Pages 22 Notes LR: 20131121; CI: Copyright (c) 2012; JID: 9318488; 0 (Chlorophenols); 0 (Emulsions); 0 (Membranes, Artificial); 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical); 059QF0KO0R (Water); NV1779205D (1-Octanol); 2012/03/01 [received]; 2012/04/23 [revised]; 2012/04/23 [accepted] Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 1873-3778; 0021-9673 Accession Number PMID: 22579488 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.04.054 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22579488 Abstract A highly efficient and simple two-step method, electro membrane extraction (EME) followed by low-density solvent based ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction (EME-LDS-USAEME) combined with derivatization and analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), was developed for the determination of trace level chlorophenols in environmental water samples. In the first step, the analytes were extracted, under electrical potential, from the sample solution into the acceptor solution, which was held in a polypropylene membrane sheet with 1-octanol as the supported liquid membrane. The acceptor solution from the first step was then employed as the sample solution for the second step of LDS-USAEME. In this step, the target analytes were extracted into a solvent with lower density than water that was dispersed in the sample solution with the assistance of ultrasound. The extract was separated from the sample solution by centrifugation and collected as the upper layer. Finally, the extract with a derivatization reagent were injected into a GC-MS system for analysis. Six chlorophenols, 2-chlorophenol, 4-chlorophenol, 2,3-dichlorophenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol and pentachlorophenol were selected here as model compounds for developing and evaluating the method. Several factors influencing the extraction and derivatization were investigated. With the EME-LDS-USAEME procedure, high enrichment factors of up to 2198 were achieved. Under the most favorable conditions, good limits of detection (down to 0.005 mug/L), linearity (from 0.05-10 to 0.2-10 mug/L, depending on the analytes), and repeatability of extraction (RSDs below 9.7%, n=5) were obtained. The proposed method was applied to determine chlorophenols in drainwater samples. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier B.V Data Source Authors Guo,L., Lee,H.K. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20120501 PMCID Editors
Electricity and water desalination: Separate sites offer value	1996	Moch Jr., I., DuPont Co., Wilmington, DE, United States	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Water, air, and soil pollution Periodical, Abbrev. Water Air Soil Pollut. Pub Date Free Form 1996/07 Volume 90 Issue 2-Jan Start Page 231 Other Pages 241 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0049-6979 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract For the fuel type and water situation in the Middle East, the case is strong for the use of combined cycle technology for power generation and reverse osmosis for potable water production, where each are sited for their maximum economic benefit and interconnected by electric power transmission. Because of the fuel efficiency of Combined Cycle generation technology, its use of liquid/gas fuels and its low need for cooling water, it can be optimized for cost away from cities. Conversely, water desalination by reverse osmosis can be sited in optimal locations to take advantage of its modularity and to minimize water pipeline needs. Electric power transmission provides an inexpensive and flexible means to connect these two technologies. Together these technologies may offer an overall minimum cost approach, better than the combining of electric power and water desalination at one location, where power to water ratios must be fixed, independent of need, for optimum efficiency. The use of reverse osmosis with power generation has other, important ancillary benefits over using distillation and power combinations. These advantages include abatement of environmental pollution, delivery of potable water at reasonable drinking temperatures, lower total energy consumption, more efficient land use and less demanding operator skills. Descriptors cooling water, cost benefit analysis, desalination, distillation, economic aspect, electric power plant, electricity, Middle East, reverse osmosis, review, water supply, water treatment Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Moch Jr.,Dr I., Depenbrock,F., Mussalli,Y. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
El arguille: la otra forma de consumir tabaco	2013		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Periodical, Abbrev. Av.cardiol Pub Date Free Form Volume 28 Issue 2 Start Page 119; 93 Other Pages 124; 93 Notes ID: 607854; ID: 756075 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language es; pt SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Identify the characteristics and knowledge related to adolescents tabagism and the electronic media most used by this group. Exploratory study with interviews were done with 60 adolescents, smokers, ex-smokers or none smokers through specific interview approach with issues related to tabagism. In addition to questionnaire, the intensity of dependence was assessed through FagerstrÃµm test, motivation stages through Prochaska and DeClemente model and the suggested anxiety and depression symptoms by the hospital anxiety and depression scale of Zigmond & Snaith. The adolescent average age was 15,8 Â± 1,1 years, 65% were female, 41,7% active smokers (60% girls) and 28,3% ex-smokers. The adolescents used to be in high school with 46,7% during their first year. Most of the adolescent smokers and ex-smokers (73,8%) started tabagism with ages between 14 and 16 years and 26,2 % between 10 and 13 years. Hookah smoking is popular between the adolescents to the extent that 81% of the smokers and ex-smokers had some experience with this form of tobacco consumption from tasting to current use. Between adolescents that believe that people start to smoke to show off with relation to cigarette 75% were smokers and between that believe that people start to smoke to parental influence 83,3% were smoker. The cardiac negative effect were identified by just 5% the kids and, in addiction, considerable proportion (20%) connect tabagism with some Â“benefitsÂ”. The internet through computers (58,3%) is an electronic media more used to have fun by the kids. The knowledge of adolescents on tabagism, non conventional way of tobacco and nicotine chemical dependence are not standardized or complete and, sometimes controversial. With respect to the result of this trial, is necessary to develop content coverage that by pass the errors of the knowledge on adolescents about tabagism, using internet tool as preference...(AU) Descriptors Links Book Title Database LILACS; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/; LILACS; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Souki Chmeit, Rami, Bertani,AndrÃ© LuÃs Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Efficacy of using self-etching primer with a 4-META/MMA-TBB resin cement in bonding orthodontic brackets to human enamel and effect of saliva contamination on shear bond strength	2004	Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan. somsak@mascat.nihon-u.ac.jp	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Angle Orthodontist Periodical, Abbrev. Angle Orthod. Pub Date Free Form Apr Volume 74 Issue 2 Start Page 251 Other Pages 258 Notes LR: 20121115; JID: 0370550; 0 (Boron Compounds); 0 (Megabond); 0 (Methacrylates); 0 (Methylmethacrylates); 0 (Phosphoric Acids); 0 (Resin Cements); 95508-14-8 (Super-bond); E4GA8884NN (phosphoric acid); ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 0003-3219; 0003-3219 Accession Number PMID: 15132453 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; D; IM DOI 10.1043/0003-3219(2004)074<0251:EOUSPW>2.0.CO;2 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 15132453 Abstract The objective of this study was (1) to evaluate the effectiveness of Megabond when used with Superbond C&B, a 4-methacryloloxyethyl trimellitate anhydride (4-META)/methyl methacrylate (MMA)-tri-n-butyl borane (TBB) resin, to bond orthodontic metal brackets to human enamel and (2) to examine the influence of saliva contamination on shear bond strength. Metal brackets were bonded to phosphoric acid-etched or Megabond-treated human premolars using Superbond C&B resin cement. The effects of saliva contamination after acid etching or self-etch priming, and the effect of re-etching or self-etch priming after saliva contamination on shear bond strength were also assessed. The shear bond strengths were measured after immersion in water at 37 degrees C for 24 hours. Data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance and Fisher's protected least significant difference test for multiple comparisons. There were no significant differences in shear bond strength between phosphoric acid etching and self-etch priming for no contamination, saliva contamination, and repeat treatment (etching or priming) after saliva contamination. With phosphoric acid etching, saliva contamination significantly decreased the shear bond strength. Repeat phosphoric acid etching after saliva contamination did not significantly improve the bond strengths. With self-etching primer treatment, however, saliva contamination did not cause any decrease of bond strength. Phosphoric acid etching produced more enamel fracture than self-etching primer treatment. Field-emission scanning microscopy revealed less dissolution of enamel surface resulted from self-etching primer compared with phosphoric acid. These results suggest that Megabond when used with Superbond C&B resin cement may be a good candidate for bonding orthodontic brackets to human enamel. Descriptors Acid Etching, Dental/methods, Analysis of Variance, Boron Compounds, Chi-Square Distribution, Dental Bonding, Dental Enamel/drug effects, Dental Stress Analysis, Humans, Materials Testing, Methacrylates/pharmacology, Methylmethacrylates, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Orthodontic Brackets, Phosphoric Acids/pharmacology, Random Allocation, Resin Cements, Saliva, Shear Strength, Surface Properties/drug effects Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Sirirungrojying,S., Saito,K., Hayakawa,T., Kasai,K. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Efficacy of resident training in smoking cessation: a randomized, controlled trial of a program based on application of behavioral theory and practice with standardized patients	2002	Lausanne University Outpatient Clinic and Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Lausanne, Switzerland. Jacques.Cornuz@chuv.hospvd.ch	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Annals of Internal Medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Ann.Intern.Med. Pub Date Free Form 19-Mar Volume 136 Issue 6 Start Page 429 Other Pages 437 Notes LR: 20061115; JID: 0372351; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1539-3704; 0003-4819 Accession Number PMID: 11900495 Language eng SubFile Clinical Trial; Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; AIM; IM DOI 200203190-00006 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 11900495 Abstract BACKGROUND: New educational programs must be developed to improve physicians' skills and effectiveness in counseling patients about smoking cessation. OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of an educational program based on behavioral theory, active learning methods, and practice with standardized patients in helping patients abstain from smoking and changing physicians' counseling practices. DESIGN: Cluster randomized, controlled trial. SETTING: Two general internal medicine clinics in Switzerland. PARTICIPANTS: 35 residents and 251 consecutive smoking patients. INTERVENTION: A training program administered over two half-days, during which physicians learned to provide counseling that matched smokers' motivation to quit and practiced these skills with standardized patients acting as smokers at different stages of change. The control intervention was a didactic session on management of dyslipidemia. MEASUREMENTS: Self-reported abstinence from smoking at 1 year of follow-up, which was validated by exhaled carbon monoxide testing at one clinic; score of overall quality of counseling based on use of 14 counseling strategies; patient willingness to quit; and daily cigarette consumption. RESULTS: At 1 year of follow-up, abstinence from smoking was significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group (13% vs. 5%; P = 0.005); this corresponded to a cluster-adjusted odds ratio of 2.8 (95% CI, 1.4 to 5.5). Residents who received the study training provided better counseling than did those who received the control training (mean score, 4.0 vs. 2.7; P = 0.002). Smokers' willingness to quit was also higher in the intervention group (94% vs. 80%; P = 0.007). A nonsignificant trend toward lower daily cigarette consumption in the intervention group was observed. CONCLUSION: A training program in smoking cessation administered to physicians that was based on behavioral theory and practice with standardized patients significantly increased the quality of physicians' counseling, smokers' motivation to quit, and rates of abstinence from smoking at 1 year. Descriptors Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Behavior Therapy, Clinical Competence, Counseling/methods, Double-Blind Method, Family Practice/education, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Hyperlipidemias/prevention & control, Internal Medicine/education, Internship and Residency, Male, Motivation, Smoking Cessation/methods/psychology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Cornuz,J., Humair,J. P., Seematter,L., Stoianov,R., van Melle,G., Stalder,H., Pecoud,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Efficacy of chlorine dioxide disinfection to non-fermentative Gram-negative bacilli and non-tuberculous mycobacteria in a hospital water system	2016	Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Disease, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.; Infection Control Center, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.; Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Disease, Far E	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Journal of hospital infection Periodical, Abbrev. J.Hosp.Infect. Pub Date Free Form May Volume 93 Issue 1 Start Page 22 Other Pages 28 Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2016; JID: 8007166; OTO: NOTNLM; 2015/06/19 [received]; 2016/01/04 [accepted]; 2016/01/25 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1532-2939; 0195-6701 Accession Number PMID: 26944904 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1016/j.jhin.2016.01.005 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26944904 Abstract BACKGROUND: Chlorinated tap water in hospitals often contains low levels of non-fermentative Gram-negative bacilli (NFGNB) and non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). Measures are needed to ensure a safe water supply in hospitals to prevent nosocomial infections from these waterborne pathogens. AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of ClO2 treatment of a hospital water system on the levels of NFGNB and NTM in the water. METHODS: Our institution is a 1000-bed medical centre with two main buildings (B1 and B2). B1 has three intensive care units (ICUs) and transplant wards and polyethylene water pipes. B2 (control) has no ICUs and galvanized water pipes. A ClO2 generating unit was installed in the water system of B1 in April 2012 and water samples were collected in B1 and B2 before and eight times after installation. All samples were cultured for NFGNB and NTM. FINDINGS: The ClO2 concentration was significantly lower in the hot water than in the cold water (P Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher The Healthcare Infection Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd Data Source Authors Hsu,M.S., Wu,M.Y., Huang,Y.T., Liao,C.H. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20160125 PMCID Editors
Efficacy of an Internet and SMS-based integrated smoking cessation and alcohol intervention for smoking cessation in young people: study protocol of a two-arm cluster randomised controlled trial	2014	Swiss Research Institute for Public Health and Addiction, Zurich University, Konradstrasse 32, 8031 Zurich, Switzerland. severin.haug@isgf.uzh.ch.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full BMC public health Periodical, Abbrev. BMC Public Health Pub Date Free Form 5-Nov Volume 14 Issue Start Page 1140 Other Pages 2458-14-1140 Notes LR: 20151029; ISRCTN/ISRCTN02427446; JID: 100968562; OID: NLM: PMC4228117; 2014/10/22 [received]; 2014/10/23 [accepted]; 2014/11/05 [aheadofprint]; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1471-2458; 1471-2458 Accession Number PMID: 25369857 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1186/1471-2458-14-1140 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25369857 Abstract BACKGROUND: Tobacco smoking prevalence continues to be high, particularly among adolescents and young adults with lower educational levels, and is therefore a serious public health problem. Tobacco smoking and problem drinking often co-occur and relapses after successful smoking cessation are often associated with alcohol use. This study aims at testing the efficacy of an integrated smoking cessation and alcohol intervention by comparing it to a smoking cessation only intervention for young people, delivered via the Internet and mobile phone. METHODS/DESIGN: A two-arm cluster-randomised controlled trial with one follow-up assessment after 6 months will be conducted. Participants in the integrated intervention group will: (1) receive individually tailored web-based feedback on their drinking behaviour based on age and gender norms, (2) receive individually tailored mobile phone text messages to promote drinking within low-risk limits over a 3-month period, (3) receive individually tailored mobile phone text messages to support smoking cessation for 3 months, and (4) be offered the option of registering for a more intensive program that provides strategies for smoking cessation centred around a self-defined quit date. Participants in the smoking cessation only intervention group will only receive components (3) and (4). Study participants will be 1350 students who smoke tobacco daily/occasionally, from vocational schools in Switzerland. Main outcome criteria are 7-day point prevalence smoking abstinence and cigarette consumption assessed at the 6-month follow up. DISCUSSION: This is the first study testing a fully automated intervention for smoking cessation that simultaneously addresses alcohol use and interrelations between tobacco and alcohol use. The integrated intervention can be easily implemented in various settings and could be used with large groups of young people in a cost-effective way. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN02427446 (date of registration: 08th September, 2014). Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Haug,S., Castro,R.P., Filler,A., Kowatsch,T., Fleisch,E., Schaub,M.P. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20141105 PMCID PMC4228117 Editors

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