WTS database

Title	Pub Year	Author	SearchLink Sort ascending
Prevalence of illicit use and abuse of prescription stimulants, alcohol, and other drugs among college students: relationship with age at initiation of prescription stimulants	2007	School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Pharmacotherapy Periodical, Abbrev. Pharmacotherapy Pub Date Free Form May Volume 27 Issue 5 Start Page 666 Other Pages 674 Notes LR: 20140921; GR: R03 DA 018239/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R03 DA018239/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R03 DA018239-01/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R03 DA018239-02/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R03 DA019492/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United St Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 0277-0008; 0277-0008 Accession Number PMID: 17461701 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 10.1592/phco.27.5.666 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 17461701 Abstract STUDY OBJECTIVE: To examine associations between age at initiation of prescription stimulants and illicit use and abuse of prescription stimulants, alcohol, and other drugs among college students in the United States. DESIGN: Web-based survey of college students. SETTING: A large (full-time undergraduate population > 20,000) university. INTERVENTION: A Web-based survey was sent to a random sample of 5389 undergraduate college students plus an additional 1530 undergraduate college students of various ethnic backgrounds over a 2-month period. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Alcohol abuse was assessed by including a modified version of the Cut Down, Annoyance, Guilt, Eye-opener (CAGE) instrument. Drug use-related problems were assessed with a slightly modified version of the Drug Abuse Screening Test, short form (DAST-10). The final sample consisted of 4580 undergraduate students (66% response rate). For the analyses, five subgroups were created based on age at initiation of prescription stimulant use: no prescription stimulant use, grades kindergarten (K)-4, grades 5-8, grades 9-12, and college. Undergraduate students to whom stimulants were prescribed in grades K-4 reported similar rates of alcohol and other drug use compared with that of the group that had no prescription stimulant use. For example, students who started prescription stimulants in grades K-4 were no more likely to report coingestion of alcohol and illicit prescription stimulants (odds ratio [OR] 1.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.2-11.5, NS] than the group that had no prescription stimulant use. However, undergraduate students whose prescription stimulant use began in college had significantly higher rates of alcohol and other drug use. For example, students who started a prescription stimulant in college were almost 4 times as likely (OR 3.7, 95% CI 1.9-7.1, p<0.001) to report at least three positive indicators of drug abuse on the DAST-10 compared with the group that had no prescription stimulant use. CONCLUSIONS: In concordance with results of previous research, these results indicate that initiation of prescription stimulants during childhood is not associated with increased future use of alcohol and other drugs. Descriptors Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology/psychology, Central Nervous System Stimulants/administration & dosage, Drug Prescriptions, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Internet, Male, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Self Medication/psychology/statistics & numerical data, Street Drugs, Students/psychology/statistics & numerical data, Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology, United States, Universities Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Kaloyanides,K. B., McCabe,S. E., Cranford,J. A., Teter,C. J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID PMC2377411 Editors
Solid-phase extraction with C30 bonded silica for analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in airborne particulate matters by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry	2007	Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of chromatography.A Periodical, Abbrev. J.Chromatogr.A Pub Date Free Form 22-Jun Volume 1154 Issue 2-Jan Start Page 74 Other Pages 80 Notes LR: 20090115; JID: 9318488; 0 (Air Pollutants); 0 (Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic); 7631-86-9 (Silicon Dioxide); 2007/02/15 [received]; 2007/03/29 [revised]; 2007/03/30 [accepted]; 2007/04/06 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 0021-9673; 0021-9673 Accession Number PMID: 17459395 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI S0021-9673(07)00657-7 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 17459395 Abstract A solid-phase extraction (SPE) method using triacontyl bonded silica (C30) as sorbent was developed for the determination of 16 US Environmental Protection Agency polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in airborne particulate matters quantitatively by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Optimization experiments were conducted using spiked standard aqueous solution of PAHs and real airborne particulates samples aiming to obtain highest SPE recoveries and extraction efficiency. Factors were studied in SPE procedures including the concentration of organic modifier, flow rate of sample loading and elution solvents. The ultrasonication time and solvents were also investigated. Recoveries were in the range of 68-107% for standard PAHs aqueous solution and 61-116% for real spiked sample. Limits of detection (LODs) and limits of quantification (LOQs) with standard solution were in the range of 0.0070-0.21 microgL(-1) and 0.022-0.67 microgL(-1), respectively. The optimized method was successfully applied to the determination of 16 PAHs in real airborne particulate matters. Descriptors Air Pollutants/analysis, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/methods, Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic/analysis, Silicon Dioxide, Solid Phase Extraction/methods Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Li,K., Li,H., Liu,L., Hashi,Y., Maeda,T., Lin,J. M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20070406 PMCID Editors
Survival of complete crowns and periodontal health: 18-year retrospective study	2007	Centre for Special Care, PaeCaMed Research, Unit of Gnathology and Temporomandibular Disorders, Dental School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Belgium. hein.debacker@skynet.be	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The International journal of prosthodontics Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Prosthodont. Pub Date Free Form Mar-Apr Volume 20 Issue 2 Start Page 151 Other Pages 158 Notes JID: 8900938; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 0893-2174; 0893-2174 Accession Number PMID: 17455435 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; D DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 17455435 Abstract PURPOSE: This study investigated the survival of complete crowns in relation to periodontal variables on a long-term basis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 1,037 complete crowns made in an undergraduate clinic for 456 patients were evaluated over an 18-year period. The study population was a mixture of periodontally affected and non-periodontally affected patients, which is comparable to the population group in a private practice. Patients were offered a supportive maintenance program. Periodontal variables were measured, including Plaque Index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depth (PPD), and attachment level. The Community Periodontal Index for Treatment Needs (CPITN) was calculated per sextant in a full-mouth assessment. RESULTS: The estimated survival rate was 78% at year 18. For the surviving restorations, the improved PI over time was statistically significant (P = .001). Odds ratios were 1.00 for both PI and BOP. For the CPITN, odds ratios were 3.00 to 3.83. Caries was the most frequent reason for failure, followed by periodontal disease. CONCLUSION: PI and BOP were not directly related to the frequency of failures. Patients with a high CPITN at baseline had a 3.8 times greater likelihood of losing a complete crown (and abutment tooth) than patients with a low CPITN. The higher failure rate was related not only to periodontal disease, but also to a wide range of biologic and technical problems. In relation to complete crown survival, caution is needed in patients with a high CPITN at baseline. Prosthetic work should be preceded by periodontal examination and prophylactic and periodontal treatment if needed. Descriptors Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Crowns, Dental Abutments, Dental Caries/complications, Dental Plaque Index, Dental Prosthesis Design, Dental Restoration Failure, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Gingival Hemorrhage/classification, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Periodontal Attachment Loss/classification, Periodontal Diseases/classification/complications, Periodontal Index, Periodontal Pocket/classification, Retrospective Studies, Survival Analysis Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors De Backer,H., Van Maele,G., De Moor,N., Van den Berghe,L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Comparison of cigarette and water pipe smoking among female university students in Egypt	2007	Department of Public Health, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form May Volume 9 Issue 5 Start Page 591 Other Pages 596 Notes LR: 20151119; GR: R01TW59444/TW/FIC NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9815751; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1462-2203; 1462-2203 Accession Number PMID: 17454715 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 777461696 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 17454715 Abstract This study investigated behavioral and sociodemographic factors associated with tobacco use among female university students patronizing water pipe cafes in Cairo, Egypt. We interviewed two groups of female university student smokers (100 and 96 students from a public and a private university, respectively). The interviews took place in nine water pipe cafes near the two universities. A logistic regression model was developed to analyze the relationship between tobacco-related knowledge and beliefs and the choice between smoking water pipe or cigarettes. Among these smokers, 27% smoked cigarettes only, 37.8% smoked water pipe only, and 35.2% smoked both types of tobacco. Most of the water pipe smokers (74.1%) preferred this method because they believe it to be less harmful than smoking cigarettes. More than half of the subjects were encouraged to start smoking by other females (56.6%). Curiosity was a significant factor for initiation (OR = 2.8, 95% CI = 1.3-6.2, p<.01). We found no significant differences between water pipe and cigarette smokers regarding current age, age at initiation, quit attempts, knowledge about the hazards of smoking, wanting to be fashionable, or smoking with friends. About one in four (23.7%) attempted to quit, with health cited as a major reason. An urgent need exists for correction of the misperception among this study population that water pipe smoking is safe and less harmful than cigarette smoking. Descriptors Adult, Confidence Intervals, Egypt/epidemiology, Female, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, Life Style, Odds Ratio, Peer Group, Smoking/epidemiology/psychology, Social Environment, Students/psychology/statistics & numerical data, Surveys and Questionnaires Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Labib,N., Radwan,G., Mikhail,N., Mohamed,M. K., Setouhy,M. E., Loffredo,C., Israel,E. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Tobacco smoking among the first-year medical students	2006	Klinika Alergologii Akademii Medycznej w Gdansku, Poland.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Pneumonologia i alergologia polska Periodical, Abbrev. Pneumonol.Alergol.Pol. Pub Date Free Form Volume 74 Issue 4 Start Page 377 Other Pages 382 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 9302892; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); ppublish Place of Publication Poland ISSN/ISBN 0867-7077; 0867-7077 Accession Number PMID: 17427146 Language pol SubFile English Abstract; Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 17427146 Abstract The studies have shown that despite studying medicine the rate of tobacco smokers among students is still high. Moreover, in Poland the incidence of smoking is increasing among the youngsters. The study was designed to assess the rate of smokers among the first-year students of two consecutive courses at the Medical University of Gdansk and define their attitudes towards tobacco smoking. The voluntary, multiple-choice questionnaires were distributed among 412 students. The rate of response was 100%. Twenty one percent of responders were current smokers (17% females and 28% men), whereas 7% declared previous smoking. There was no correlation between incidence of smoking among students and their parents (p=0.11). 61% of smokers declared the will to give up their habit and of those 94% were aware of the negative impact of cigarettes on their health. In the group which did not declare the will to quit smoking only 75% knew what the impact of cigarettes on their health was; p=0.02. Only 23% of smokers considered anti-nicotine therapy effective. Almost a half of smokers considered nicotine replacement therapy ineffective for them in quitting cigarette smoking. CONCLUSION: The rate of smokers among the first-year medical students is lower than in general population, but it is still relatively high. However more than a half of smokers wants to give up their habit. Of those who are not willing to, 25% is not aware of the cigarettes' impact on their health. These results call for further anti-nicotine actions. Descriptors Adult, Attitude to Health, Female, Health Education, Humans, Male, Poland/epidemiology, Prevalence, Sex Distribution, Smoking/epidemiology/prevention & control/psychology, Socioeconomic Factors, Students, Medical/psychology/statistics & numerical data, Surveys and Questionnaires, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/statistics & numerical data, Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiology/prevention & control/psychology, Universities Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Sieminska,A., Jassem,J. M., Uherek,M., Wilanowski,T., Nowak,R., Jassem,E. Original/Translated Title Postawy wobec palenia tytoniu wsrod studentow pierwszego roku medycyny URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
In vitro activity of caspofungin against planktonic and sessile Candida sp. cells	2006	Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodiki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Polish journal of microbiology / Polskie Towarzystwo Mikrobiologow = The Polish Society of Microbiologists Periodical, Abbrev. Pol.J.Microbiol. Pub Date Free Form Volume 55 Issue 2 Start Page 133 Other Pages 137 Notes LR: 20121115; JID: 101229003; 0 (Antifungal Agents); 0 (Biocompatible Materials); 0 (Echinocandins); 0 (Peptides, Cyclic); 0 (Silicone Elastomers); F0XDI6ZL63 (caspofungin); ppublish Place of Publication Poland ISSN/ISBN 1733-1331; 1733-1331 Accession Number PMID: 17419291 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 17419291 Abstract Candida sp. may be regarded as one of the leading etiologic agents of hospital-acquired infections, including those related with the indwelling medical devices, which become colonized by the yeasts, accompanied by biofilm formation. In this paper we assayed in vitro susceptibility to caspofungin of planktonic and sessile cells of nasopharyngeal isolates of Candida sp. Two types of biomaterials were used - silicone elastomer-coated latex urinary Foley catheter and PCV Thorax catheter. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of caspofungin for planktonic Candida sp. cells ranged from 0.008 to 0.031 mg/l, while the minimal fungicidal concentrations (MFC) from 0.008 to 0.062 mg/l, with MFC/MIC ratios 8 mg/l). In all cases, drug concentrations depended on the strain and the biomaterial used. Our preliminary data suggest that caspofungin, showing good anti-adherent activity in vitro against Candida sp., appears to be a potential agent rather for prophylaxis of the yeast infections associated with biomaterials but not for their treatment. Descriptors Antifungal Agents/pharmacology, Biocompatible Materials, Biofilms/drug effects, Candida/drug effects, Cross Infection/prevention & control, Echinocandins, Humans, Microbial Sensitivity Tests/methods, Peptides, Cyclic/pharmacology, Silicone Elastomers Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Serefko,A., Chudzik,B., Malm,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Paradoxical embolization and patent foramen ovale in scuba divers: screening possibilities	2007	Kardiovaskularni centrum FN Motol, Praha. tomas.honek@volny.cz	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Vnitrni lekarstvi Periodical, Abbrev. Vnitr.Lek. Pub Date Free Form Feb Volume 53 Issue 2 Start Page 143 Other Pages 146 Notes JID: 0413602; ppublish Place of Publication Czech Republic ISSN/ISBN 0042-773X; 0042-773X Accession Number PMID: 17419175 Language cze SubFile English Abstract; Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 17419175 Abstract INTRODUCTION: The cause of decompression sickness (DCS) in scuba-divers is bubble formation in tissues and in venous blood during ascent. Divers with patent foramen ovale (PFO) have an increased risk of paradoxical embolization to the brain or other vital organs. The aim of our study was to assess the incidence of PFO in scuba-divers with DCS, to compare the group with asymptomatic controls, and to evaluate ultrasound contrast methods suitable for screening. METHODOLOGY: We examined 28 scuba-divers (more than 100 dives). The right-to-left shunt detection was performed by bubble contrast transthoracic echocardiographic examination (TTE) and transcranial Doppler sonography over arteria cerebri media (TCD) in all divers. In divers with shunting, transoesophageal echocardiography (TEE) was performed to prove PFO. RESULTS: 15 divers had DCS associated with the ascent. In this group, PFO was diagnosed in 53% (8/15). The symptoms of all of them retrospectively were of paradoxical embolization (neurological form of DCS). In the group of asymptomatic divers, PFO was proven on the basis of right-to-left shunt screening in 1 diver (8% 1/13). TCD proved right-to-left shunt in all divers with PFO. CONCLUSION: DCS can unmask a so far asymptomatic intracardiac right-to-left shunting. PFO is a risk factor for paradoxical embolization in divers. TCD is suitable for screening; TEE is a gold standard in PFO detection. Our results showed that PFO detection is a useful clinical tool after repeated DCS and in all frequent divers and instructors. Descriptors Adult, Decompression Sickness/etiology/prevention & control, Diving/adverse effects, Embolism, Paradoxical/etiology/prevention & control, Female, Heart Septal Defects, Atrial/complications/diagnosis, Humans, Male, Middle Aged Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Honek,T., Veselka,J., Tomek,A., Sramek,M., Janugka,J., Sefc,L., Kerekes,R., Novotny,S. Original/Translated Title Paradoxni embolizace pri foramen ovale patens u potapecu: moznosti screeningu URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Barotrauma and decompression illness of the inner ear: 46 cases during treatment and follow-up	2007	Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. christoph_klingmann@med.uni-heidelberg.de	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Otology & neurotology : official publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology Periodical, Abbrev. Otol.Neurotol. Pub Date Free Form Jun Volume 28 Issue 4 Start Page 447 Other Pages 454 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 100961504; 0 (Anti-Inflammatory Agents); 9PHQ9Y1OLM (Prednisolone); ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1531-7129; 1531-7129 Accession Number PMID: 17417111 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1097/MAO.0b013e318030d356 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 17417111 Abstract INTRODUCTION: Diving accidents affecting the inner ear are much more common than was once thought. Among the 319 patients treated in our clinic between January 2002 and November 2005, 46 cases involved 44 divers with symptoms of acute inner ear disorders. The objective of the present article is to investigate the symptoms of the acute disorders and assess any residual damage. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective case analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The medical records were used to study the cases of 18 divers treated for inner ear decompression illness on 20 occasions and 26 divers who had inner ear barotrauma. The symptoms of the disorder at the beginning of treatment, latency period before the first therapeutic measures, kind of initial therapy, symptoms after the accident, and hearing and balance functions at the last examination in our clinic were assessed. Divers with inner ear decompression illness were examined via means of transcranial or carotid Doppler ultrasonography for the presence of a vascular right-to-left (R/L) shunt. RESULTS: Of 18 divers with inner ear decompression illness, 17 reported vertigo as the main symptom. In one diver, the inner ear decompression illness was manifested bilaterally. The divers with inner ear decompression illness had been treated with hyperbaric oxygen therapy in 14 of 20 cases; the average latency period before the start of therapy was 40 hours (median, 10 h). In 15 (83%) of 18 patients, a large R/L shunt was detected, and in 14 (78%) of 18 patients, residual cochleovestibular damage was detected. Only 9 of 26 patients with inner ear barotrauma mentioned feeling dizzy, and in no patient was vertigo the main symptom. Twenty-one patients complained of tinnitus, whereas 20 complained of hearing loss. The hearing loss ranged from an unobtrusive difference of 10 dB between the ears up to complete deafness. Three patients were subjected to tympanoscopy because of suspected rupture of the round window membrane. Of patients with inner ear barotrauma, 78% had residual cochleovestibular damage. CONCLUSION: We describe for the first time a patient with bilateral manifestation of inner ear decompression illness. Inner ear decompression illness is frequently associated with a R/L shunt; therefore, after a diving accident, the patient's fitness to dive should be assessed via a specialist in diving medicine. Both decompression illness and barotrauma of the inner ear result in residual cochleovestibular damage in more than three of four patients. Descriptors Adult, Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use, Audiometry, Barotrauma/complications/therapy/ultrasonography, Decompression Sickness/complications/therapy/ultrasonography, Ear, Inner/injuries/ultrasonography, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Functional Laterality, Hearing Loss/etiology, Humans, Hyperbaric Oxygenation, Male, Middle Aged, Prednisolone/therapeutic use, Pulmonary Heart Disease/complications/ultrasonography, Retrospective Studies, Vertigo/etiology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Klingmann,C., Praetorius,M., Baumann,I., Plinkert,P. K. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Secondhand smoke levels in Scottish pubs: the effect of smoke-free legislation	2007	Department of Environmental & Occupational Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZP, UK. sean.semple@abdn.ac.uk	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tobacco control Periodical, Abbrev. Tob.Control Pub Date Free Form Apr Volume 16 Issue 2 Start Page 127 Other Pages 132 Notes LR: 20140907; JID: 9209612; 0 (Air Pollutants, Occupational); 0 (Particulate Matter); 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); OID: NLM: PMC2598470; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1468-3318; 0964-4563 Accession Number PMID: 17400951 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 16/2/127 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 17400951 Abstract OBJECTIVE: To compare levels of particulate matter, as a marker of secondhand smoke (SHS) levels, in pubs before and 2 months after the implementation of Scottish legislation to prohibit smoking in substantially enclosed public places. DESIGN: Comparison of SHS levels before and after the legislation in a random selection of 41 pubs in 2 Scottish cities. METHODS: Fine particulate matter <2.5 microm in diameter (PM2.5) was measured discreetly for 30 min in each bar on 1 or 2 visits in the 8 weeks preceding the starting date of the Smoking, Health and Social Care (Scotland) Act 2005 and then again 2 months after the ban. Repeat visits were undertaken on the same day of the week and at approximately the same time of the day. RESULTS: PM2.5 levels before the introduction of the legislation averaged 246 microg/m3 (range 8-902 microg/m3). The average level reduced to 20 microg/m3 (range 6-104 microg/m3) in the period after the ban. Levels of SHS were reduced in all 53 post-ban visits, with the average reduction being 86% (range 12-99%). PM2.5 concentrations in most pubs post-ban were comparable to the outside ambient air PM2.5 level. CONCLUSIONS: This study has produced the largest dataset of pre- and post-ban SHS levels in pubs of all worldwide smoke-free legislations introduced to date. Our results show that compliance with the Smoking, Health and Social Care (Scotland) Act 2005 has been high and this has led to a marked reduction in SHS concentrations in Scottish pubs, thereby reducing both the occupational exposure of workers in the hospitality sector and that of non-smoking patrons. Descriptors Air Pollutants, Occupational/analysis, Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis/legislation & jurisprudence/prevention & control, Environmental Monitoring/methods, Guideline Adherence, Humans, Particulate Matter/analysis, Scotland, Smoking/legislation & jurisprudence/prevention & control, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/analysis/legislation & jurisprudence/prevention & control Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Semple,S., Creely,K. S., Naji,A., Miller,B. G., Ayres,J. G. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID PMC2598470 Editors
Continuous-flow microextraction and gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds in water	2007	State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Analytica Chimica Acta Periodical, Abbrev. Anal.Chim.Acta Pub Date Free Form 7-Mar Volume 585 Issue 2 Start Page 294 Other Pages 299 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 0370534; 0 (Ions); 0 (Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic); 0 (Salts); 0 (Solvents); 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical); 059QF0KO0R (Water); 2006/09/21 [received]; 2006/12/30 [revised]; 2007/01/08 [accepted]; 2007/01/13 [aheadofprint]; ppubli Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 1873-4324; 0003-2670 Accession Number PMID: 17386677 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI S0003-2670(07)00059-1 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 17386677 Abstract A new method of the determination polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water samples was developed by continuous-flow microextraction (CFME) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In this experiment, 15 mL sample solution with no salt-added was flowed at the rate of 1.0 mL min(-1) through 3 microL benzene as extraction solvent. Under the optimal extraction conditions, the developed method was found to yield a linear calibration curve in the concentration range from 0.05 to 15 ng mL(-1). Furthermore, the accuracy and repeatability of the method were good by calculating from water samples spiked at known concentrations of PAHs, and the recovery of optimal method was satisfactory. The results showed that CFME was an efficient preconcentration method for extraction of PAHs from spiked water samples. Descriptors Calibration, Chemistry Techniques, Analytical/methods, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/methods, Ions, Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic/chemistry, Reproducibility of Results, Salts/pharmacology, Sensitivity and Specificity, Solvents/chemistry, Time Factors, Water/chemistry, Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Liu,Y., Hashi,Y., Lin,J. M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20070113 PMCID Editors

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