Image
WTS Database
The subject of interest is:
waterpipe, water-pipe, nargile, narghile, arguileh, arguile, shisha, sheesha, chichi, hubble bubble, hubbly bubbly, goza, hookah, bong
| Title Sort descending | Pub Year | Author | SearchLink |
|---|---|---|---|
| Predictors of waterpipe smoking among secondary school adolescents in Al Hassa, Saudi Arabia | 2012 | Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, El Malek El Saleh, Cairo, Egypt. amin55@myway.com | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
International Journal of Behavioral Medicine
Periodical, Abbrev.
Int.J.Behav.Med.
Pub Date Free Form
Sep
Volume
19
Issue
3
Start Page
324
Other Pages
335
Notes
LR: 20151119; JID: 9421097; ppublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1532-7558; 1070-5503
Accession Number
PMID: 21643931
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; IM
DOI
10.1007/s12529-011-9169-2 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
21643931
Abstract
BACKGROUND: There has been a global upsurge of waterpipe (WP) smoking over the past several years. This can be attributed at least partly to various factors like lack of knowledge regarding its health effects, social acceptability, and intensive preventive programs focusing selectively on cigarettes smoking. PURPOSE: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and psychosocial determinants of WP smoking among secondary school adolescents in Al Hassa, Saudi Arabia, and also to assess their attitudes toward WPs smoking and knowledge regarding the related health effects. METHODS: Cross-sectional study included 1,652 students of both genders selected by multistage proportionate sampling method. Data collection was carried out using a self-administered anonymous Arabic version of the Global Youth Tobacco Survey, modified with items dedicated to WP smoking. Items to assess participants' knowledge about the health-related hazards and attitude towards WP were added. Patient Health Questionnaire was used to screen for the presence of anxiety and depressive disorders. RESULTS: Of the included adolescents, 358 (21.7%) were current smokers; cigarettes (46.1%), both cigarettes and WP (16.5%), and only WP (37.4%). Current WP users accounted for 193; 96.4% were males and 62.7% were >/=18 years of age. Outing, boredom, meeting friends, and family gatherings were the most frequently stated motives. WP users demonstrated a higher incidence of depressive and generalized anxiety disorders. Common assumptions regarding WP smoking included: WP smoking is less harmful than cigarettes and with no addictive property as stated by 47.8% and 65.9% of adolescents, respectively, harmful substances are purified through water filtration as believed by 59.2%, and it is more socially acceptable than cigarettes as agreed by 54.1%. Hierarchical regression analysis showed that male gender and increasing age of adolescents, WP smoking among close family and friends, and socializing motives were significant predictors for the current WP smoking state. CONCLUSION: Social acceptability, poor knowledge of WP health-related hazards, and socio-demographics are favoring the current increasing trend of WP use among adolescents in Al Hassa, Saudi Arabia.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Amin,T.T., Amr,M.A., Zaza,B.O., Kaliyadan,F.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
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| Predictors of waterpipe smoking progression among youth in Irbid, Jordan: A longitudinal study (2008-2011) | 2015 | Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health, Florida International University, Miami, 33199 FL, United States. Electronic address: rjabe001@fiu.edu.; Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health, Florida Inte | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Drug and alcohol dependence
Periodical, Abbrev.
Drug Alcohol Depend.
Pub Date Free Form
1-Aug
Volume
153
Issue
Start Page
265
Other Pages
270
Notes
LR: 20160801; CI: Copyright (c) 2015; GR: R01 DA024876/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 DA024876/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 DA035160/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 DA035160/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; JID: 7513587; NIHMS692646
Place of Publication
Ireland
ISSN/ISBN
1879-0046; 0376-8716
Accession Number
PMID: 26024787
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.05.008 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
26024787
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The predictors of waterpipe smoking progression are yet to be examined using a longitudinal study that is guided by a theoretical model of behavioral change. This study identifies the gender-specific predictors of waterpipe smoking progression among adolescents in Irbid, Jordan. METHODS: This study uses data from a school longitudinal study of smoking behavior in Irbid, Jordan. A random sample of 19 schools was selected by probability proportionate to size. A total of 1781 seventh graders were enrolled at baseline, and completed a questionnaire annually from 2008 through 2011. Students who reported ever smoking waterpipe (N=864) at any time point were assessed for progression (escalation in the frequency of waterpipe smoking) in the subsequent follow-up. Grouped-time survival analysis was used to identify the risk of progression. RESULTS: During the three years of follow-up, 29.6% of students progressed in waterpipe smoking. Predictors of waterpipe smoking progression were higher mother's education, enrollment in public school, frequent physical activity, and low refusal self-efficacy among boys, having ever smoked cigarettes, and having friends and siblings who smoke waterpipe among girls. Awareness of harms of waterpipe was protective among boys and seeing warning labels on the tobacco packs was protective among girls. CONCLUSIONS: Even at this early stage, about a third of waterpipe smokers progressed in their habit during the 3 year follow up. Factors predicting progression of use differed by gender, which calls for gender-specific approaches to waterpipe interventions among Jordanian youth.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Elsevier Ireland Ltd
Data Source
Authors
Jaber,R., Madhivanan,P., Khader,Y., Mzayek,F., Ward,K.D., Maziak,W.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20150519
PMCID
PMC4510020
Editors
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| Predominance of IncL/M and IncF plasmid types among CTX-M-ESBL-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in Bulgarian hospitals | 2014 | Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria. | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
APMIS : Acta Pathologica, Microbiologica, et Immunologica Scandinavica
Periodical, Abbrev.
APMIS
Pub Date Free Form
Jul
Volume
122
Issue
7
Start Page
608
Other Pages
615
Notes
CI: (c) 2013; JID: 8803400; EC 3.5.2.- (beta-lactamase CTX-M-15); EC 3.5.2.- (beta-lactamase CTX-M-3); EC 3.5.2.- (beta-lactamase SHV-12); EC 3.5.2.- (beta-lactamase TEM-3); EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-Lactamases); OTO: NOTNLM; 2013/05/15 [received]; 2013/08/30 [acc
Place of Publication
Denmark
ISSN/ISBN
1600-0463; 0903-4641
Accession Number
PMID: 24303846
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; IM
DOI
10.1111/apm.12204 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
24303846
Abstract
Our objective was to investigate the plasmid replicon-types involved in spread of ESBLs among Bulgarian Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. Sixty-three isolates, with transferable beta-lactam resistance determinants, collected between 2007 and 2009 in six medical institutions, were analysed with respect to their antimicrobial susceptibility, ESBL-, RAPD-, and plasmid replicon-type. Phylogenetic typing and screening for the O25b-ST131 lineage were carried out for E. coli. The predominant ESBLs were CTX-M-15 (81%) among E. coli and CTX-M-3 (58%) among K. pneumoniae. Other sporadically found ESBLs were SHV-12 and TEM-139, and for the first time in Bulgaria, CTX-M-1 and CTX-M-14. Replicon typing revealed that plasmids carrying blaCTX-M-3 exclusively belonged to IncL/M-type, while blaCTX-M-15 was predominantly (94%) associated with IncF-type plasmids. Among E. coli, 59% of the isolates were clonally related. Isolates of that cluster produced CTX-M-15, belonged to the O25b-ST131 lineage, predominantly harboured plasmids with the FIA replicon, and were found in five centres. Among CTX-M-3-producing K. pneumoniae, two prevailing RAPD-types were found, one remained restricted to one centre and the second was found in three centres. The incompatibility groups IncN and IncA/C linked with blaSHV-12 respectively blaTEM-139 were found only once. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first detailed investigation of plasmids carrying ESBL genes among Bulgarian isolates demonstrating wide distribution of conjugative IncF plasmids among CTX-M-15-producing E. coli and IncL/M plasmids among CTX-M-3 positive K. pneumoniae isolates.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
APMIS. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Data Source
Authors
Markovska,R., Schneider,I., Ivanova,D., Mitov,I., Bauernfeind,A.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20131205
PMCID
Editors
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| Preliminary results of an examination of electronic cigarette user puff topography: the effect of a mouthpiece-based topography measurement device on plasma nicotine and subjective effects | 2015 | Center for the Study of Tobacco Products, Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA;; Center for the Study of Tobacco Products, Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA;; Center for the Study | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco
Periodical, Abbrev.
Nicotine Tob.Res.
Pub Date Free Form
Feb
Volume
17
Issue
2
Start Page
142
Other Pages
149
Notes
LR: 20160519; CI: (c) The Author 2014; GR: P50 DA036105/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: P50DA036105/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9815751; 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); OID: NLM: PMC4838000; 2014/09/19 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1469-994X; 1462-2203
Accession Number
PMID: 25239957
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; IM
DOI
10.1093/ntr/ntu186 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
25239957
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Electronic cigarettes (ECIGs) heat a nicotine-containing solution; the resulting aerosol is inhaled by the user. Nicotine delivery may be affected by users' puffing behavior (puff topography), and little is known about the puff topography of ECIG users. Puff topography can be measured using mouthpiece-based computerized systems. However, the extent to which a mouthpiece influences nicotine delivery and subjective effects in ECIG users is unknown. METHODS: Plasma nicotine concentration, heart rate, and subjective effects were measured in 13 experienced ECIG users who used their preferred ECIG and liquid (>/= 12 mg/ml nicotine) during 2 sessions (with or without a mouthpiece). In both sessions, participants completed an ECIG use session in which they were instructed to take 10 puffs with 30-second inter-puff intervals. Puff topography was recorded in the mouthpiece condition. RESULTS: Almost all measures of the effects of ECIG use were independent of topography measurement. Collapsed across session, mean plasma nicotine concentration increased by 16.8 ng/ml, and mean heart rate increased by 8.5 bpm (ps
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco
Data Source
Authors
Spindle,T.R., Breland,A.B., Karaoghlanian,N.V., Shihadeh,A.L., Eissenberg,T.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20140919
PMCID
PMC4838000
Editors
|
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| Prenatal and passive smoke exposure and incidence of asthma and wheeze: systematic review and meta-analysis | 2012 | Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Nottingham, City Hospital, UK Centre for Tobacco Control Studies, Nottingham, UK. | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Pediatrics
Periodical, Abbrev.
Pediatrics
Pub Date Free Form
Apr
Volume
129
Issue
4
Start Page
735
Other Pages
744
Notes
LR: 20151119; GR: C1512/A11160/Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom; GR: British Heart Foundation/United Kingdom; GR: Department of Health/United Kingdom; JID: 0376422; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 2012/03/19 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
1098-4275; 0031-4005
Accession Number
PMID: 22430451
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review; AIM; IM
DOI
10.1542/peds.2011-2196 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
22430451
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Exposure to passive smoke is a common and avoidable risk factor for wheeze and asthma in children. Substantial growth in the prospective cohort study evidence base provides an opportunity to generate new and more detailed estimates of the magnitude of the effect. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to provide estimates of the prospective effect of smoking by parents or household members on the risk of wheeze and asthma at different stages of childhood. METHODS: We systematically searched Medline, Embase, and conference abstracts to identify cohort studies of the incidence of asthma or wheeze in relation to exposure to prenatal or postnatal maternal, paternal, or household smoking in subjects aged up to 18 years old. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by using random effects model. RESULTS: We identified 79 prospective studies. Exposure to pre- or postnatal passive smoke exposure was associated with a 30% to 70% increased risk of incident wheezing (strongest effect from postnatal maternal smoking on wheeze in children aged =2 years, OR = 1.70, 95% CI = 1.24-2.35, 4 studies) and a 21% to 85% increase in incident asthma (strongest effect from prenatal maternal smoking on asthma in children aged =2 years, OR = 1.85, 95% CI = 1.35-2.53, 5 studies). CONCLUSIONS: Building upon previous findings, exposure to passive smoking increases the incidence of wheeze and asthma in children and young people by at least 20%. Preventing parental smoking is crucially important to the prevention of asthma.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Burke,H., Leonardi-Bee,J., Hashim,A., Pine-Abata,H., Chen,Y., Cook,D.G., Britton,J.R., McKeever,T.M.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20120319
PMCID
Editors
|
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| Prenatal and postnatal environmental tobacco smoke exposure and children's health | 2004 | Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, USA. difranzj@ummhc.org | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Pediatrics
Periodical, Abbrev.
Pediatrics
Pub Date Free Form
Apr
Volume
113
Issue
4 Suppl
Start Page
1007
Other Pages
1015
Notes
LR: 20061115; JID: 0376422; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); RF: 173; ppublish
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
1098-4275; 0031-4005
Accession Number
PMID: 15060193
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Review; AIM; IM
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
15060193
Abstract
Children's exposure to tobacco constituents during fetal development and via environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure is perhaps the most ubiquitous and hazardous of children's environmental exposures. A large literature links both prenatal maternal smoking and children's ETS exposure to decreased lung growth and increased rates of respiratory tract infections, otitis media, and childhood asthma, with the severity of these problems increasing with increased exposure. Sudden infant death syndrome, behavioral problems, neurocognitive decrements, and increased rates of adolescent smoking also are associated with such exposures. Studies of each of these problems suggest independent effects of both pre- and postnatal exposure for each, with the respiratory risk associated with parental smoking seeming to be greatest during fetal development and the first several years of life.
Descriptors
Animals, Asthma/etiology, Child, Child Behavior/drug effects, Embryonic and Fetal Development/drug effects, Female, Humans, Infant, Intelligence/drug effects, Otitis Media/etiology, Pregnancy, Respiratory Tract Infections/etiology, Smoking/adverse effects, Sudden Infant Death/etiology, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/adverse effects/analysis
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
DiFranza,J. R., Aligne,C. A., Weitzman,M.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
|
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| Prenatal environmental tobacco smoke exposure and early childhood body mass index | 2010 | Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology
Periodical, Abbrev.
Paediatr.Perinat.Epidemiol.
Pub Date Free Form
Nov
Volume
24
Issue
6
Start Page
524
Other Pages
534
Notes
LR: 20151119; CI: (c) 2010; GR: P01 ES011261/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States; GR: P30 ES010126/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States; GR: P30ES10126/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 ES014575/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States; GR: R24 HD050924/HD/NICHD NIH HHS
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1365-3016; 0269-5022
Accession Number
PMID: 20955230
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; IM
DOI
10.1111/j.1365-3016.2010.01146.x [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
20955230
Abstract
Maternal smoking during pregnancy is associated with increased risk of childhood overweight body mass index (BMI). Less is known about the association between prenatal secondhand tobacco smoke (SHS) exposure and childhood BMI. We followed 292 mother-child dyads from early pregnancy to 3 years of age. Prenatal tobacco smoke exposure during pregnancy was quantified using self-report and serum cotinine biomarkers. We used linear mixed models to estimate the association between tobacco smoke exposure and BMI at birth, 4 weeks, and 1, 2 and 3 years. During pregnancy, 15% of women reported SHS exposure and 12% reported active smoking, but 51% of women had cotinine levels consistent with SHS exposure and 10% had cotinine concentrations indicative of active smoking. After adjustment for confounders, children born to active smokers (self-report or serum cotinine) had higher BMI at 2 and 3 years of age, compared with unexposed children. Children born to women with prenatal serum cotinine concentrations indicative of SHS exposure had higher BMI at 2 (mean difference [MD] 0.3 [95% confidence interval -0.1, 0.7]) and 3 (MD 0.4 [0, 0.8]) years compared with unexposed children. Using self-reported prenatal exposure resulted in non-differential exposure misclassification of SHS exposures that attenuated the association between SHS exposure and BMI compared with serum cotinine concentrations. These findings suggest active and secondhand prenatal tobacco smoke exposure may be related to an important public health problem in childhood and later life. In addition, accurate quantification of prenatal secondhand tobacco smoke exposures is essential to obtaining valid estimates.
Descriptors
Adult, Anthropometry/methods, Biomarkers/blood, Body Height, Body Mass Index, Body Weight, Confounding Factors (Epidemiology), Cotinine/blood, Environmental Monitoring/methods, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Maternal Exposure, Pregnancy, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Smoking/blood, Tobacco Smoke Pollution
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Data Source
Authors
Braun,J. M., Daniels,J. L., Poole,C., Olshan,A. F., Hornung,R., Bernert,J. T., Khoury,J., Needham,L. L., Barr,D. B., Lanphear,B. P.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20100816
PMCID
PMC3509191
Editors
|
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| Preparation, characterization, and applications of a novel solid-phase microextraction fiber by sol-gel technology on the surface of stainless steel wire for determination of poly cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in aquatic environmental samples | 2014 | Department of Physico Chemistry, Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute, PO Box 31975/148, Karaj, Iran. Electronic address: a.eshaghi@rvsri.ac.ir.; Environmental and Bio-Analytical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, P | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Analytica Chimica Acta
Periodical, Abbrev.
Anal.Chim.Acta
Pub Date Free Form
27-Feb
Volume
813
Issue
Start Page
48
Other Pages
55
Notes
CI: Copyright (c) 2014; JID: 0370534; 0 (Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic); 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical); 12597-68-1 (Stainless Steel); OTO: NOTNLM; 2013/10/26 [received]; 2013/12/24 [revised]; 2014/01/01 [accepted]; 2014/01/10 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
Netherlands
ISSN/ISBN
1873-4324; 0003-2670
Accession Number
PMID: 24528659
Language
eng
SubFile
Evaluation Studies; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.aca.2014.01.005 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
24528659
Abstract
A novel solid-phase microextraction(SPME) fiber was prepared using sol-gel technology with ethoxylated nonylphenol as a fiber coating material. The fiber was employed to develop a headspace SPME-GC-MS method suitable for quantification of 13 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water samples. Surface characteristics of the fibers were inspected by energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy as well as by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The SEM measurements showed the presence of highly porous nano-sized particles in the coating. Important parameters affecting the extraction efficiency such as extraction temperature and time, desorption conditions as well as ionic strength have been evaluated and optimized. In the next step, the validation of the new method have been performed, finding it to be specific in the trace analysis of PAHs, with the limit of detection (LOD) ranging from 0.01 to 0.5 mug L(-1) and the linear range from the respective LOD to 200 mug L(-1) with RSD amounting to less than 8%. The thermal stability of the fibers was investigated as well and they were found to be durable at 280 degrees C for 345 min. Furthermore, the proposed method was successfully applied for quantification of PAHs in real water samples.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Elsevier B.V
Data Source
Authors
Es-haghi,A., Hosseininasab,V., Bagheri,H.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20140110
PMCID
Editors
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| Prescription drugs, alcohol, and illicit substance use and their correlations among medical sciences students in iran | 2015 | Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran.; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran.; | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
International journal of high risk behaviors & addiction
Periodical, Abbrev.
Int.J.High.Risk Behav.Addict.
Pub Date Free Form
20-Mar
Volume
4
Issue
1
Start Page
e21945
Other Pages
Notes
LR: 20150401; JID: 101589648; OID: NLM: PMC4360541; OTO: NOTNLM; 2015/03 [ecollection]; 2014/07/11 [received]; 2014/09/30 [revised]; 2014/10/02 [accepted]; 2015/03/20 [epublish]; epublish
Place of Publication
Netherlands
ISSN/ISBN
2251-8711; 2251-8711
Accession Number
PMID: 25821750
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article
DOI
10.5812/ijhrba.21945 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
25821750
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Substance use among young people is a major public health problem in Iran. OBJECTIVES: The aims of the present study were to determine the prevalence of substance misuse and its determinants in medical sciences students in Tehran, Iran. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed on a randomly selected sample of 1992 medical sciences students during 2012-2013. Anonymous, structured questionnaires were distributed among the students in each selected class. Substance misuse was defined according to cultural and epidemiological features. Data analysis was performed using chi-squared test, Fisher's exact test, and binary logistic regression. RESULTS: The prevalence of prescription drug misuse, last year alcohol use, and ever illicit substance use was 4.9%, 6.9%, and 2.9%, respectively. The result of multiple logistic regression model showed that being a male (OR = 4.0), hookah use in the last year (OR = 3.2), prescription drug misuse (OR = 3.2), and alcohol use in the last year (OR = 3.3) were associated with the students' illicit substance use. Last year alcohol use (OR = 5.3), ever illicit substance use (OR = 3.2), and illicit substance use in friends (OR = 2.6) were associated with prescription drug misuse. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggested that the prevalence of prescription drugs, alcohol and illicit substance use was relatively low, though still significant, among Iranian students, which was strongly associated with family and friends' use. The findings of this research can be used for planning and evaluating interventions by considering the risk factors and protective factors in Universities.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Abbasi-Ghahramanloo,A., Fotouhi,A., Zeraati,H., Rahimi-Movaghar,A.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20150320
PMCID
PMC4360541
Editors
|
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| Presence of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine from the lungs at the active hydrophobic spots in the vasculature where bubbles are formed on decompression | 2016 | Israel Naval Medical Institute rarieli@netvision.net.il.; Department of Oxidative Stress and Human Diseases, MIGAL - Galilee Research Institute and Tel Hai College, Kiryat Shmona.; Department of Oxidative Stress and Human Diseases, MIGAL - Galilee Researc | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md.: 1985)
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Appl.Physiol.(1985)
Pub Date Free Form
11-Aug
Volume
Issue
Start Page
jap.00649.2016
Other Pages
Notes
LR: 20160812; CI: Copyright (c) 2016; JID: 8502536; OTO: NOTNLM; 2016/08/10 [accepted]; 2016/07/19 [received]; aheadofprint; SO: J Appl Physiol (1985). 2016 Aug 11:jap.00649.2016. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00649.2016.
Place of Publication
ISSN/ISBN
1522-1601; 0161-7567
Accession Number
PMID: 27516538
Language
ENG
SubFile
JOURNAL ARTICLE
DOI
10.1152/japplphysiol.00649.2016 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
27516538
Abstract
Most severe cases of decompression illness (DCI) are caused by vascular bubbles. We showed that there are active hydrophobic spots (AHS) on the luminal aspect of ovine blood vessels where bubbles are produced after decompression. It has been suggested that AHS may be composed of lung surfactant. Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) is the main component of lung surfactants. Blood samples and four blood vessels, the aorta, superior vena cava, pulmonary vein and pulmonary artery, were obtained from 11 slaughtered sheep. Following exposure to 1013 kPa for 20.4 h, we started photographing the blood vessels 15 min after the end of decompression for a period of 30 min, to determine AHS by observing bubble formation. Phospholipids were extracted from AHS and from control tissue and plasma for determination of DPPC. DPPC was found in all blood vessel samples and all samples of plasma. The concentration of DPPC in the plasma samples (n = 8) was 2.04+/-0.90 microg/ml. The amount of DPPC in the AHS which produced four or more bubbles (n = 16) was 1.59+/-0.92 microg. This was significantly higher than the value obtained for AHS producing less than four bubbles and for control samples (n = 19) (0.97+/-0.61 microg, P = 0.027). DPPC leaks from the lungs into the blood, settling on the luminal aspect of the vasculature to create AHS. Determining the constituents of the AHS might pave the way for their removal, resulting in a dramatic improvement in diver safety.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Journal of Applied Physiology
Data Source
Authors
Arieli,R., Khatib,S., Vaya,J.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20160811
PMCID
Editors
|
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