WTS database

Title	Pub Year	Author Sort ascending	SearchLink
Prevalence, social acceptance, and awareness of waterpipe smoking among dental university students: a cross sectional survey conducted in Jordan	2014	Department of Applied Dental Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan. saobeidat@just.edu.jo.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full BMC research notes Periodical, Abbrev. BMC Res.Notes Pub Date Free Form 24-Nov Volume 7 Issue Start Page 832 Other Pages 0500-7-832 Notes LR: 20151028; JID: 101462768; OID: NLM: PMC4253988; 2014/07/01 [received]; 2014/11/18 [accepted]; 2014/11/24 [aheadofprint]; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1756-0500; 1756-0500 Accession Number PMID: 25421621 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1186/1756-0500-7-832 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25421621 Abstract BACKGROUND: Waterpipe tobacco smoking is increasing in popularity especially among young adults. This spread could be related to limited knowledge of the negative health effects of waterpipe smoking. In this study, prevalence, social acceptance, and awareness of waterpipe smoking were examined among dental university students. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional survey study, where a self-administered questionnaire was completed by a sample of dental university students in Jordan. RESULTS: Students (n=547) reported current tobacco use of 54.3% for males versus 11.1% for females (P Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Obeidat,S.R., Khabour,O.F., Alzoubi,K.H., Mahasneh,A.M., Bibars,A.R., Khader,Y.S., Alsa'di,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20141124 PMCID PMC4253988 Editors
Fungi from a Groundwater-Fed Drinking Water Supply System in Brazil	2016	Department of Antibiotics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Morais Rego, 1235, Recife, Pernambuco 50670-901, Brazil. helenambo@yahoo.com.br.; Department of Chemical Sciences and Natural Resources, BIOREN-UFRO Scientific and Technological Biores	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full International journal of environmental research and public health Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Environ.Res.Public.Health. Pub Date Free Form 9-Mar Volume 13 Issue 3 Start Page 10.3390/ijerph13030304 Other Pages Notes LR: 20160405; JID: 101238455; OID: NLM: PMC4808967; OTO: NOTNLM; 2016/02/11 [received]; 2016/02/28 [revised]; 2016/03/04 [accepted]; epublish Place of Publication Switzerland ISSN/ISBN 1660-4601; 1660-4601 Accession Number PMID: 27005653 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.3390/ijerph13030304 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 27005653 Abstract Filamentous fungi in drinking water distribution systems are known to (a) block water pipes; (b) cause organoleptic biodeterioration; (c) act as pathogens or allergens and (d) cause mycotoxin contamination. Yeasts might also cause problems. This study describes the occurrence of several fungal species in a water distribution system supplied by groundwater in Recife-Pernambuco, Brazil. Water samples were collected from four sampling sites from which fungi were recovered by membrane filtration. The numbers in all sampling sites ranged from 5 to 207 colony forming units (CFU)/100 mL with a mean value of 53 CFU/100 mL. In total, 859 isolates were identified morphologically, with Aspergillus and Penicillium the most representative genera (37% and 25% respectively), followed by Trichoderma and Fusarium (9% each), Curvularia (5%) and finally the species Pestalotiopsis karstenii (2%). Ramichloridium and Leptodontium were isolated and are black yeasts, a group that include emergent pathogens. The drinking water system in Recife may play a role in fungal dissemination, including opportunistic pathogens. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Oliveira,H.M., Santos,C., Paterson,R.R., Gusmao,N.B., Lima,N. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20160309 PMCID PMC4808967 Editors
Local domestication of lactic acid bacteria via cassava beer fermentation	2014	Department of Anthropology, University of Oregon , Eugene, OR , USA ; Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon , Eugene, OR , USA.; Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon , Eugene, OR , USA.; Department of Anthropology, U	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full PeerJ Periodical, Abbrev. PeerJ Pub Date Free Form 8-Jul Volume 2 Issue Start Page e479 Other Pages Notes LR: 20140731; JID: 101603425; OID: NLM: PMC4103073; OTO: NOTNLM; 2014 [ecollection]; 2014/02/02 [received]; 2014/06/18 [accepted]; 2014/07/08 [epublish]; epublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 2167-8359 Accession Number PMID: 25071997 Language eng SubFile Journal Article DOI 10.7717/peerj.479 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25071997 Abstract Cassava beer, or chicha, is typically consumed daily by the indigenous Shuar people of the Ecuadorian Amazon. This traditional beverage made from cassava tuber (Manihot esculenta) is thought to improve nutritional quality and flavor while extending shelf life in a tropical climate. Bacteria responsible for chicha fermentation could be a source of microbes for the human microbiome, but little is known regarding the microbiology of chicha. We investigated bacterial community composition of chicha batches using Illumina high-throughput sequencing. Fermented chicha samples were collected from seven Shuar households in two neighboring villages in the Morona-Santiago region of Ecuador, and the composition of the bacterial communities within each chicha sample was determined by sequencing a region of the 16S ribosomal gene. Members of the genus Lactobacillus dominated all samples. Significantly greater phylogenetic similarity was observed among chicha samples taken within a village than those from different villages. Community composition varied among chicha samples, even those separated by short geographic distances, suggesting that ecological and/or evolutionary processes, including human-mediated factors, may be responsible for creating locally distinct ferments. Our results add to evidence from other fermentation systems suggesting that traditional fermentation may be a form of domestication, providing endemic beneficial inocula for consumers, but additional research is needed to identify the mechanisms and extent of microbial dispersal. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Colehour,A.M., Meadow,J.F., Liebert,M.A., Cepon-Robins,T.J., Gildner,T.E., Urlacher,S.S., Bohannan,B.J., Snodgrass,J.J., Sugiyama,L.S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20140708 PMCID PMC4103073 Editors
Diet and gender in the Tiwanaku colonies: Stable isotope analysis of human bone collagen and apatite from Moquegua, Peru	2015	Department of Anthropology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0532.; Department of Anthropology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0532.; Department of Anthropology, University of California, San Diego, La Jol	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full American Journal of Physical Anthropology Periodical, Abbrev. Am.J.Phys.Anthropol. Pub Date Free Form Nov Volume 158 Issue 3 Start Page 408 Other Pages 422 Notes CI: (c) 2015; JID: 0400654; 0 (Apatites); 0 (Carbon Isotopes); 0 (Nitrogen Isotopes); 9007-34-5 (Collagen); OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/08/11 [received]; 2015/05/31 [revised]; 2015/06/01 [accepted]; 2015/07/14 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1096-8644; 0002-9483 Accession Number PMID: 26173647 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1002/ajpa.22795 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26173647 Abstract OBJECTIVES: Gender and other facets of social identity play important roles in the organization of complex societies. This study reconstructs dietary practices within the Middle Horizon (AD 500-1000) Tiwanaku colonies in southern Peru to increase our knowledge of gendered patterns of consumption within this early expansive state. METHODS: We use stable isotope analysis of 43 human bone samples representing 14 females, 20 males, 8 juveniles, and 1 indeterminate individual recovered from burial excavations at the sites of Rio Muerto and Omo in the Moquegua Valley. Data are contextualized by comparisons with previously published Tiwanaku isotope data from the period. RESULTS: Our results find mean values of delta(13) Capatite = -7.3 +/- 1.6% (N = 36, 1SD), delta(13) Ccollagen = -12.3 +/- 1.5% (N = 43, 1SD), and delta(15) Ncollagen = 8.4 +/- 1.6% (N = 43, 1SD). Between the sexes, Mann-Whitney U tests demonstrate significant differences in delta(13) Ccollagen (U = 74, P = 0.021), but no differences in delta(13) Capatite (U = 58, P = 0.095) or delta(15) Ncollagen (U = 116, P = 0.755) values. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate relatively high C4 plant consumption among the Tiwanaku colonies, and support paleobotanical and archaeological evidence that maize (Zea mays) was the staple crop. Dietary values are similar overall between the sexes, but significantly higher delta(13) Ccollagen values in males is consistent with a model of gendered norms of consumption similar to that of the later Inca (AD 1438-1533), where males consumed more maize than females, often in the form of beer (chicha). Results provide new insights on social dynamics within the Tiwanaku colonies and suggest the increased importance maize consumption for males during the Tiwanaku expansion. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Wiley Periodicals, Inc Data Source Authors Somerville,A.D., Goldstein,P.S., Baitzel,S.I., Bruwelheide,K.L., Dahlstedt,A.C., Yzurdiaga,L., Raubenheimer,S., Knudson,K.J., Schoeninger,M.J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150714 PMCID Editors
Intraskeletal isotopic compositions (delta(13) C, delta(15) N) of bone collagen: nonpathological and pathological variation	2014	Department of Anthropology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full American Journal of Physical Anthropology Periodical, Abbrev. Am.J.Phys.Anthropol. Pub Date Free Form Apr Volume 153 Issue 4 Start Page 598 Other Pages 604 Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2013; JID: 0400654; 0 (Carbon Isotopes); 0 (Nitrogen Isotopes); 9007-34-5 (Collagen); OTO: NOTNLM; 2012/09/30 [received]; 2013/12/11 [accepted]; 2013/12/30 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1096-8644; 0002-9483 Accession Number PMID: 24374993 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1002/ajpa.22459 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24374993 Abstract Paleodiet research traditionally interprets differences in collagen isotopic compositions (delta(13) C, delta(15) N) as indicators of dietary distinction even though physiological processes likely play some role in creating variation. This research investigates the degree to which bone collagen delta(13) C and delta(15) N values normally vary within the skeleton and examines the influence of several diseases common to ancient populations on these isotopic compositions. The samples derive from two medieval German cemeteries and one Swiss reference collection and include examples of metabolic disease (rickets/osteomalacia), degenerative joint disease (osteoarthritis), trauma (fracture), infection (osteomyelitis), and inflammation (periostitis). A separate subset of visibly nonpathological skeletal elements from the German collections established normal intraindividual variation. For each disease type, tests compared bone lesion samples to those near and distant to the lesions sites. Results show that normal (nonpathological) skeletons exhibit limited intraskeletal variation in carbon- and nitrogen-isotope ratios, suggesting that sampling of distinct elements is appropriate for paleodiet studies. In contrast, individuals with osteomyelitis, healed fractures, and osteoarthritis exhibit significant intraskeletal differences in isotope values, depending on whether one is comparing lesions to near or to distant sites. Skeletons with periostitis result in significant intraskeletal differences in nitrogen isotope values only, while those with rickets/osteomalacia do not exhibit significant intraskeletal differences. Based on these results, we suggest that paleodiet researchers avoid sampling collagen at or close to lesion sites because the isotope values may be reflecting both altered metabolic processes and differences in diet relative to others in the population. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Wiley Periodicals, Inc Data Source Authors Olsen,K.C., White,C.D., Longstaffe,F.J., von Heyking,K., McGlynn,G., Grupe,G., Ruhli,F.J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20131230 PMCID Editors
Isotopic evidence for age-related variation in diet from Isola Sacra, Italy	2005	Department of Anthropology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L9, Canada. prowset@mcmaster.ca	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full American Journal of Physical Anthropology Periodical, Abbrev. Am.J.Phys.Anthropol. Pub Date Free Form Sep Volume 128 Issue 1 Start Page 2 Other Pages 13 Notes LR: 20061115; CI: (c) 2005; JID: 0400654; 0 (Apatites); 0 (Carbon Isotopes); 0 (Nitrogen Isotopes); 9007-34-5 (Collagen); ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 0002-9483; 0002-9483 Accession Number PMID: 15761807 Language eng SubFile Historical Article; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1002/ajpa.20094 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 15761807 Abstract This study examines collagen (N=105) and apatite (N=65) data from an Imperial Roman skeletal sample from the necropolis of Isola Sacra (Rome, Italy). This paper explores correlations between the isotopic composition of bone samples and the inferred age and sex of these individuals (aged 5--45+ years). The collagen of males, and older individuals in general, was significantly enriched in (15)N but not (13)C. Bone carbonate was somewhat depleted in (13)C in some older individuals, suggesting increased consumption of olive oil and possibly wine. Subadults (>5 years) in the sample appear to have consumed an almost exclusively terrestrial diet. This study demonstrates a clear trend in dietary patterns between adult age groups, as well as between adults and children within a population. Descriptors Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Anthropology, Physical/methods, Apatites/analysis, Bone and Bones/chemistry, Carbon Isotopes/analysis, Child, Child, Preschool, Collagen/analysis, Diet/history, Female, Femur/chemistry, History, Ancient, Humans, Italy, Male, Middle Aged, Nitrogen Isotopes/analysis, Sex Factors Links Book Title Database Publisher Wiley-Liss, Inc Data Source Authors Prowse,T. L., Schwarcz,H. P., Saunders,S. R., Macchiarelli,R., Bondioli,L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
The variable roads to sacrifice: Isotopic investigations of human remains from Chotuna-Huaca de los Sacrificios, Lambayeque, Peru	2013	Department of Anthropology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30302-3998, USA. bturnerlivermore@gsu.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full American Journal of Physical Anthropology Periodical, Abbrev. Am.J.Phys.Anthropol. Pub Date Free Form May Volume 151 Issue 1 Start Page 22 Other Pages 37 Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2013; JID: 0400654; 0 (Carbon Isotopes); 0 (Nitrogen Isotopes); 68238-35-7 (Keratins); 9007-34-5 (Collagen); 2012/10/11 [received]; 2013/01/14 [accepted]; 2013/02/26 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1096-8644; 0002-9483 Accession Number PMID: 23440681 Language eng SubFile Historical Article; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1002/ajpa.22238 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23440681 Abstract This study investigates two key variables-residential context and subsistence-among sacrificial victims dating to the Late Horizon (A.D. 1450-1532) in the Huaca de los Sacrificios at the Chotuna-Chornancap Archaeological Complex in north coastal Peru. We investigate whether aspects of sacrifice in this distant coastal province mirrored that found in Inca heartland contexts such as the capacocha, or remained more typical of coastal sacrificial traditions. Stable carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen isotope values were characterized in bone carbonate, bone collagen, and hair keratin to estimate geographic residence during the decade before death and diet in the decade, versus months, before death. Bone delta18 Ocarbonate values have a mean (+/-SD) of 26.8 +/- 1.1%, bone delta13 Ccarbonate values -6.7 +/- 1.7%, and bone delta(13) Ccollagen values 11.8 +/- 1.3%; bone delta15 Ncollagen values have a mean of 11.5 +/- 1.3%. Combined hair delta13 Ckeratin values have a mean of -12.8 +/- 1.6%, and hair delta15 Nkeratin values 10.8 +/- 1.3%. In contrast to contemporaneous coastal and highland contexts, we are unable to identify immigrants among the sacrificed individuals or changes in diet that indicate provisioning with a standardized diet leading up to death. Instead, results suggest that victims were local to the area, but consumed moderately variable diets consistent with local subsistence patterns. These findings suggest a distinct pattern of human sacrifice in the Late Horizon and underscore the regional and temporal variation in sacrificial practices in the central Andes. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Wiley Periodicals, Inc Data Source Authors Turner,B.L., Klaus,H.D., Livengood,S.V., Brown,L.E., Saldana,F., Wester,C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20130226 PMCID Editors
Effects of caloric restriction on nitrogen and carbon stable isotope ratios in adult rat bone	2014	Department of Anthropology, Box 117305, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA; Department of Psychology, Box 112250, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM Periodical, Abbrev. Rapid Commun.Mass Spectrom. Pub Date Free Form 15-Oct Volume 28 Issue 19 Start Page 2065 Other Pages 2074 Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2014; JID: 8802365; 0 (Carbon Isotopes); 0 (Hormones); 0 (Nitrogen Isotopes); 2014/06/23 [received]; 2014/07/21 [revised]; 2014/07/22 [accepted]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1097-0231; 0951-4198 Accession Number PMID: 25156596 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1002/rcm.6994 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25156596 Abstract RATIONALE: Stable isotope analysis is a valuable technique for dietary estimation in ecological and archaeological research, yet many variables can potentially affect tissue stable isotope signatures. Controlled feeding studies across a range of species have consistently demonstrated impacts of caloric restriction on tissue stable isotope ratios, but most have focused on juvenile, fasting, and/or starving individuals, and most have utilized soft tissues despite the importance of bone for paleodietary analyses. The goal of this study was to determine whether temporally defined, moderate food restriction could affect stable carbon and/or nitrogen isotope ratios in adult mammalian bone - a tissue that arguably reflects long-term dietary signals. METHODS: Adult rats fed a standard laboratory diet were restricted to 45% of ad libitum intakes for 3 or 6 months. Relevant anatomical and physiological parameters were measured to confirm that the restriction protocol resulted in significant nutritional stress and to provide independent data to facilitate interpretation of stable isotope ratios. Femoral bone delta(13)Ccollagen, delta(15)Ncollagen, and delta(13)Capatite values were determined by isotope ratio mass spectrometry. RESULTS: Calorie-restricted animals exhibited a small, yet significant enrichment in (15)Ncollagen compared with control animals, reflecting protein-calorie stress. While the delta(13)Ccollagen values did not differ, the delta(13)Capatite values revealed less enrichment in (13)C than in controls, reflecting catabolism of body fat. Independent anatomical and physiological data from these same individuals support these interpretations. CONCLUSIONS: Results indicate that moderate caloric restriction does not appreciably undermine broad interpretations of dietary signals in adult mammalian bone. Significant variability among individuals or groups, however, is best explained by marked differences in energy intake over variable timescales. An inverse relationship between the delta(13)Capatite and delta(15)Ncollagen values observed in this study indicates that a more robust pattern is expected with more severe or prolonged restriction and suggests this pattern may have utility as a marker of food deprivation in archaeological populations. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher John Wiley & Sons, Ltd Data Source Authors Robertson,K.L., Rowland,N.E., Krigbaum,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Community-centered responses to Ebola in urban Liberia: the view from below	2015	Department of Anthropology & Center for African Studies, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America.; Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America.; Department of Epidemiology & C	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full PLoS neglected tropical diseases Periodical, Abbrev. PLoS Negl Trop.Dis. Pub Date Free Form 9-Apr Volume 9 Issue 4 Start Page e0003706 Other Pages Notes LR: 20150422; JID: 101291488; EIN: PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2015 May;9(5):e0003767. PMID: 25951327; OID: NLM: PMC4391876; 2015/04 [ecollection]; 2014/11/26 [received]; 2015/03/16 [accepted]; 2015/04/09 [epublish]; epublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1935-2735; 1935-2727 Accession Number PMID: 25856072 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003706 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25856072 Abstract BACKGROUND: The West African Ebola epidemic has demonstrated that the existing range of medical and epidemiological responses to emerging disease outbreaks is insufficient, especially in post-conflict contexts with exceedingly poor healthcare infrastructures. In this context, community-based responses have proven vital for containing Ebola virus disease (EVD) and shifting the epidemic curve. Despite a surge in interest in local innovations that effectively contained the epidemic, the mechanisms for community-based response remain unclear. This study provides baseline information on community-based epidemic control priorities and identifies innovative local strategies for containing EVD in Liberia. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: This study was conducted in September 2014 in 15 communities in Monrovia and Montserrado County, Liberia--one of the epicenters of the Ebola outbreak. Findings from 15 focus group discussions with 386 community leaders identified strategies being undertaken and recommendations for what a community-based response to Ebola should look like under then-existing conditions. Data were collected on the following topics: prevention, surveillance, care-giving, community-based treatment and support, networks and hotlines, response teams, Ebola treatment units (ETUs) and hospitals, the management of corpses, quarantine and isolation, orphans, memorialization, and the need for community-based training and education. Findings have been presented as community-based strategies and recommendations for (1) prevention, (2) treatment and response, and (3) community sequelae and recovery. Several models for community-based management of the current Ebola outbreak were proposed. Additional findings indicate positive attitudes towards early Ebola survivors, and the need for community-based psychosocial support. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Local communities' strategies and recommendations give insight into how urban Liberian communities contained the EVD outbreak while navigating the systemic failures of the initial state and international response. Communities in urban Liberia adapted to the epidemic using multiple coping strategies. In the absence of health, infrastructural and material supports, local people engaged in self-reliance in order to contain the epidemic at the micro-social level. These innovations were regarded as necessary, but as less desirable than a well-supported health-systems based response; and were seen as involving considerable individual, social, and public health costs, including heightened vulnerability to infection. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Abramowitz,S.A., McLean,K.E., McKune,S.L., Bardosh,K.L., Fallah,M., Monger,J., Tehoungue,K., Omidian,P.A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150409 PMCID PMC4391876 Editors
Indoor exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and dampness: respiratory symptoms in Sardinian children--DRIAS study	2009	Department of Animal and Human Biology, University La Sapienza, Piazz. Le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy. roberta.pirastu@uniroma1.it	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Environmental research Periodical, Abbrev. Environ.Res. Pub Date Free Form Jan Volume 109 Issue 1 Start Page 59 Other Pages 65 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 0147621; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 2007/11/27 [received]; 2008/07/30 [revised]; 2008/09/04 [accepted]; 2008/10/25 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1096-0953; 0013-9351 Accession Number PMID: 18952207 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.envres.2008.09.002 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18952207 Abstract Indoor exposures at home, environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and mould/dampness adversely affect respiratory health of children. Disturbi Respiratori nell'Infanzia e Ambiente in Sardegna (DRIAS) (Respiratory Symptoms in children and the Environment in Sardegna, Italy) aims at relating the prevalence of respiratory and allergic symptoms to indoor exposures in Sardinian children. DRIAS, a cross-sectional investigation of respiratory symptoms/diseases, used a modified version of ISAAC questionnaire, included 4122 children attending 29 primary schools in the school year 2004-2005. If both parents smoke the prevalence for current wheeze and current asthma is almost doubled in comparison with never smokers, for persistent cough and phlegm a role is suggested when only mother smokes. Among mothers smoking in pregnancy, the prevalence of current wheeze and current asthma is increased. Exposure to ETS and family atopy have a joint effect resulting in an almost tripling of prevalence for current wheeze and more than four times for current asthma. Exposure to "dampness" (mould or dampness) both during the first year of life and currently is associated with increased prevalence of current wheeze, persistent cough or phlegm and current rhino-conjunctivitis; if exposure is only during the first year of life a doubling or more of prevalence is observed for current wheeze, current asthma, and persistent cough or phlegm. DRIAS results add evidence to the causal role of childhood exposure to ETS in the development of respiratory symptoms (cough, phlegm, and wheezing) and asthma. The joint effect of ETS and family atopy is corroborated. The results strengthen the evidence for a causal association between "dampness" and respiratory health, pointing to its possible independent role in causing asthma, a long-lasting exposure entails a doubled prevalence for both asthmatic and bronchitis symptoms. Descriptors Air/analysis/standards, Air Microbiology, Air Pollution, Indoor/adverse effects/analysis, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Housing/standards, Humans, Italy/epidemiology, Respiratory Tract Diseases/epidemiology/etiology, Surveys and Questionnaires, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/adverse effects/analysis Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Pirastu,R., Bellu,C., Greco,P., Pelosi,U., Pistelli,R., Accetta,G., Biggeri,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20081025 PMCID Editors

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