WTS database

Title	Pub Year Sort descending	Author	SearchLink
Regional distribution of lead in human milk from Egypt	1996	Saleh, M.A., Environ. Chemistry Toxicology Lab., Department of Chemistry, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX 77004, United States	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Chemosphere Periodical, Abbrev. Chemosphere Pub Date Free Form / Volume 32 Issue 9 Start Page 1859 Other Pages 1867 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0045-6535 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Bioaccumulation of lead during chronic exposure and its mobilization and secretion with mother's milk constitute a serious health hazard to the newly born children. Lead levels in human breast milk of 120 Egyptian women representing 20 different governorates throughout Egypt were determined using a graphite furnace Atomic Absorption spectrometer. According to the daily permissible intake (DPI) value established by the WHO of 5.0 Î¼g/kg/d in mother's milk, the mean values of lead were around the permissible level in most of the Egyptian govemorates. However, lead levels in mother's milk from Alexandria, Assiut and Cairo were significantly higher than the permissible value. Higher lead levels in mother's milk from these governorates may be attributed to heavy automobile traffic using leaded gasoline in addition to the use of lead water pipelines in these areas. Descriptors lead, article, atomic absorption spectrometry, bioaccumulation, breast milk, Egypt, exhaust gas, geographic distribution, health hazard, human, long term exposure, maximum permissible dose, pipeline, traffic, urban area Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Saleh,M. A., Ragab,A. A., Kamel,A., Jones,J., El-Sebae,A. K. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Presence of Legionella spp. in thermal springs of the Campania region of south Italy	1996	Istituto di Microbiologia, Facolta di Medicina e Chirurgia, Seconda Universita degli Studi di Napoli, Italy.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The new microbiologica Periodical, Abbrev. New Microbiol. Pub Date Free Form Oct Volume 19 Issue 4 Start Page 315 Other Pages 320 Notes LR: 20110225; JID: 9516291; ppublish Place of Publication ITALY ISSN/ISBN 1121-7138; 1121-7138 Accession Number PMID: 8914132 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 8914132 Abstract Water samples from 66 thermal springs in the Campania region of South Italy were cultured for Legionella spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and indicators of faecal pollution. The temperature of the sources ranged from 21 degrees C to 59.5 degrees C. Legionella pneumophila, serogroup 7-10, was isolated from two out of 60 sources on the Island of Ischia and Legionella dumoffii from one mainland source. The temperatures of these sources were 35.2 degrees C, 48.2 degrees C, and 52.0 degrees C respectively. Twelve sources were positive for P. aeruginosa and 6 for Escherichia coli. Our results found that Legionella spp. were present in only three thermal springs, indicating that in the hydrothermal area of the Campania region the presence of this microbial species is very scarce. Descriptors Italy, Legionella/isolation & purification, Legionella pneumophila/isolation & purification, Pseudomonas aeruginosa/isolation & purification, Water Microbiology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Sommese,L., Scarfogliero,P., Vitiello,M., Catalanotti,P., Galdiero,E. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
The sociodemographic pattern of tobacco cessation in the 1980s: results from a panel study of living condition surveys in Sweden	1996	Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Sundbyberg, Sweden.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of epidemiology and community health Periodical, Abbrev. J.Epidemiol.Community Health Pub Date Free Form Dec Volume 50 Issue 6 Start Page 625 Other Pages 630 Notes LR: 20130918; JID: 7909766; OID: NLM: PMC1060378; ppublish Place of Publication ENGLAND ISSN/ISBN 0143-005X; 0143-005X Accession Number PMID: 9039380 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 9039380 Abstract STUDY OBJECTIVES: To analyse the factors that determined whether or not people were successful in quitting tobacco during the 1980s in Sweden. DESIGN: A logistic regression model was used for the analyses and included: education, marital status, socioeconomic group, social network, physical activities, cigarette consumption, and years spent smoking as independent variables. Men and women were analysed separately for smoking. A specific univariate analysis was also performed for men who used snuff. SETTING: Sweden. PARTICIPANTS: A panel of 5104 randomised people aged 16-84 years was interviewed in 1980-81 and followed up in 1988-89 in the survey of living conditions undertaken by Statistics Sweden. The participation rate was 86%. The panel included 1546 men and women who were daily smokers. There were 418 daily users of snuff among the men, and 129 men both smoked and used snuff. MAIN RESULTS: Together 26% of women and 23% of men had quit smoking. Five percent in both groups were new smokers. Among men, 26% had quit using snuff and 5% had begun smoking. New snuff users among men were 5%. In the multivariate analysis, unmarried men kept smoking at significantly higher rates (OR 2.1; 95% CI 1.2,3.6), as did those men who smoked 11-20 cigarettes/day (OR 2.2; 95% CI 1.5, 3.4), or more than 20 cigarettes/day (OR 2.8; 95% CI 1.4,5.7). Among women, smoking 11-20 cigarettes/day was also a significant factor (OR 3.3; 95% CI 2.1,5.0). Men and women aged 25-44 were significantly more likely to continue smoking (OR = 2.1; 95% CI 1.1,3.7, and 2.2; 95% CI 1.2,4.4) as were those who had smoked for 20 years or more (OR 4.7; 95% CI 2.0,10.8 and OR 2.5; 95% CI 1.1,5.5, respectively). For women, low education (up to grade 9) was also a significant factor (OR = 2.5; 95% CI 1.2,5.1). Among men who had quit using snuff we did not find any values of significance. CONCLUSIONS: One in four smokers had quit during the 1980s and a few started smoking (5%). Some men quit smoking and started using snuff instead. For both sexes, the daily consumption of cigarettes, years spent smoking, and age were the most important determinants of successful quitting. In men, being married/ cohabiting was an important factor as was higher education in women. Descriptors Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Logistic Models, Male, Middle Aged, Multivariate Analysis, Plants, Toxic, Sex Factors, Smoking/epidemiology, Smoking Cessation, Socioeconomic Factors, Sweden/epidemiology, Time Factors, Tobacco, Smokeless Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Tillgren,P., Haglund,B. J., Lundberg,M., Romelsjo,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID PMC1060378 Editors
Managing electromagnetic fields from residential electrode grounding systems: a predecision analysis.	1996	von Winterfeldt, D., University of Southern California, Institute of Safety and Systems Management, University Park, Los Angeles, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Bioelectromagnetics Periodical, Abbrev. Bioelectromagnetics Pub Date Free Form / Volume 17 Issue 2 Start Page 71 Other Pages 84 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0197-8462 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Several epidemiological studies have linked exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMFs) with health effects, including leukemia and brain cancer, but the research is still inconclusive. In particular, no clear causal mechanism has been identified by which EMFs may promote cancers. Nevertheless, the concerns raised by the positive epidemiological studies have led to increasing efforts to reduce EMFs from a number of sources. One source of EMFs are home grounding systems that are connected through water pipes in homes to water mains. This paper analyzes whether home owners who are concerned about electromagnetic fields exposure from home grounding systems should take any action to reduce fields. Assuming that the grounding system produces elevated magnetic fields (e.g., 2-3 mG or higher), this study investigates several readily available alternatives and evaluates them with respect to five criteria: risk reduction, cost, fire risk increase, worker risk, and electrical shock risk. Because of the lack of conclusive evidence about an EMF-cancer relationship, this study uses a parameterized approach that makes conditional estimates of health risk depending on future research outcomes and on the nature of the EMF/health effects relationship. This type of analysis, which is called predecision analysis because of its preliminary nature, is therefore highly dependent on a set of assumptions. Nevertheless, this predecision analysis had some fairly clear results. First, waiting for more research or taking a fairly inexpensive corrective action (insulating the water pipe to reduce ground current flow) seem to be the main contenders for the best decision for many different assumptions and parameters. Second, the choice between these two actions is very sensitive to variations in assumptions and parameters. Homeowners who accept the base-case assumptions and parameters of this study should prefer to wait. If any of the base-case parameters are changed to more pessimistic estimates or if psychological concerns (like worry and regret) are considered, then the best action is to insulate the pipe to reduce the current flow through the water pipes. Descriptors article, building material, decision support system, electric injury, electricity, electrode, electromagnetic field, fire, housing, human, leukemia, probability, risk factor, sanitation, sensitivity and specificity Links Book Title Database MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors von Winterfeldt,D., Trauger,T. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Electricity and water desalination: Separate sites offer value	1996	Moch Jr., I., DuPont Co., Wilmington, DE, United States	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Water, air, and soil pollution Periodical, Abbrev. Water Air Soil Pollut. Pub Date Free Form 1996/07 Volume 90 Issue 2-Jan Start Page 231 Other Pages 241 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0049-6979 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract For the fuel type and water situation in the Middle East, the case is strong for the use of combined cycle technology for power generation and reverse osmosis for potable water production, where each are sited for their maximum economic benefit and interconnected by electric power transmission. Because of the fuel efficiency of Combined Cycle generation technology, its use of liquid/gas fuels and its low need for cooling water, it can be optimized for cost away from cities. Conversely, water desalination by reverse osmosis can be sited in optimal locations to take advantage of its modularity and to minimize water pipeline needs. Electric power transmission provides an inexpensive and flexible means to connect these two technologies. Together these technologies may offer an overall minimum cost approach, better than the combining of electric power and water desalination at one location, where power to water ratios must be fixed, independent of need, for optimum efficiency. The use of reverse osmosis with power generation has other, important ancillary benefits over using distillation and power combinations. These advantages include abatement of environmental pollution, delivery of potable water at reasonable drinking temperatures, lower total energy consumption, more efficient land use and less demanding operator skills. Descriptors cooling water, cost benefit analysis, desalination, distillation, economic aspect, electric power plant, electricity, Middle East, reverse osmosis, review, water supply, water treatment Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Moch Jr.,Dr I., Depenbrock,F., Mussalli,Y. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Root and shoot growth, assimilate partitioning and cell proliferation in roots of sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) grown in filtered and unfiltered chambers	1996	Bambridge, L., Biochemistry Physiology Department, Rothamsted Experimental Station, Harpenden, Herts. AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Environmental Pollution Periodical, Abbrev. Environ.Pollut. Pub Date Free Form 1996/ Volume 92 Issue 3 Start Page 343 Other Pages 347 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0269-7491 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Rooted cuttings of clonal Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.) were grown from April to October in 1 m long tubes sunk into the ground inside open top chambers. The same experiment was repeated in each of two consecutive years using a different clone of Sitka spruce each year. Air was either passed directly into the chambers (ambient ail) or passed over charcoal filters which removed the majority of gaseous pollutants before entering the chambers (filtered air). Ambient pollution did not appear to influence the growth of Sitka spruce at least over the experimental period used. No significant differences were found between plants exposed to ambient or filtered air in terms of shoot and root dry mass, needle dry mass, root length, carbohydrate content of roots and needles, and in the percentage of meristematic cells close to the apex in each phase or interphase or undergoing mitosis. Descriptors carbohydrate, charcoal, air pollutant, article, carbohydrate analysis, cell count, cell proliferation, clone, experiment, forestry, mass, mitosis, plant growth, plant root, pollution control, tree Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Bambridge,L., Harmer,R., Macleod,R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Tobacco use and usual source of cigarettes among high school students--United States, 1995	1996		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full MMWR.Morbidity and mortality weekly report Periodical, Abbrev. MMWR Morb.Mortal.Wkly.Rep. Pub Date Free Form 24-May Volume 45 Issue 20 Start Page 413 Other Pages 418 Notes LR: 20080214; JID: 7802429; ppublish Place of Publication UNITED STATES ISSN/ISBN 0149-2195; 0149-2195 Accession Number PMID: 8614397 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 8614397 Abstract Approximately 90% of all initiation of tobacco use occurs among persons aged < or = 18 years, and the prevalence of tobacco use among adolescents is increasing. Despite laws prohibiting the sale of tobacco to minors in all states and the District of Columbia, most minors are able to purchase tobacco products. To determine current prevalences of the use of cigarettes and smokeless tobacco products (i.e., chewing tobacco and snuff) by high school students, the usual source of cigarettes among those who smoked, and the percentage of students who were asked to show proof of age when buying cigarettes, CDC analyzed data from the 1995 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS). This report summarizes the results of the analysis, which indicate a higher prevalence of smoking among high school students in 1995 than in 1993 and 1991, a doubling of the prevalence of current smoking among non-Hispanic black male students during 1991-1995, and that most high school students aged < or = 17 years who buy cigarettes from stores are not asked to show proof of age. Descriptors Adolescent, Commerce/legislation & jurisprudence/statistics & numerical data, Female, Humans, Male, Plants, Toxic, Prevalence, Smoking/epidemiology/trends, Students, Tobacco, Tobacco, Smokeless/supply & distribution, United States/epidemiology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Smoking habits and risk of fatal stroke: 18 years follow up of the Oslo Study	1996	Life Insurance Companies Institute of Medical Statistics, Oslo, Norway.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of epidemiology and community health Periodical, Abbrev. J.Epidemiol.Community Health Pub Date Free Form Dec Volume 50 Issue 6 Start Page 621 Other Pages 624 Notes LR: 20130918; JID: 7909766; 0 (Blood Glucose); OID: NLM: PMC1060377; ppublish Place of Publication ENGLAND ISSN/ISBN 0143-005X; 0143-005X Accession Number PMID: 9039379 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 9039379 Abstract STUDY OBJECTIVE: To examine the risk of fatal stroke in relation to smoking habits in men screened for the Oslo study. DESIGN: The Oslo study is a prospective, cohort study of the epidemiology and preventive aspects of cardiovascular diseases in middle aged men. Screening started in May 1972 and results after 18 years of follow up are reported. PARTICIPANTS: There were 16209 men aged 40-49 years, of whom 16173 had no stroke history. Eighty five men died from stroke, of whom 48 were daily cigarettes smokers, 7 were pipe and cigar smokers, 15 smoked cigarettes and pipe or cigars daily, 11 were previous cigarette smokers, and 4 had never smoked cigarettes. MAIN RESULTS: Results of proportional hazards regression analysis adjusted for age, diastolic blood pressure, and glucose concentration showed the following rate ratios (RR) (95% confidence interval) of smoking groups compared with those who had never smoked or had previously smoked: combined cigarette and cigar or pipe smokers, RR = 6.1 (3.0, 12.5); cigarettes only, RR = 4.1 (2.3,7.4); and pipe and/or cigars only RR = 2.2 (0.9,5.5). The overall, age adjusted risk of smoking cigarettes daily was 3.5 and was found to increase with increasing cigarette consumption. Regardless of their smoking group, stroke cases had increased diastolic (DBP) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) when compared with men who had not had a stroke. The absolute differences in DBP and SBP between stroke cases and others for never and previous cigarette smokers versus daily smokers were twice as large: DBP, 12.1 mmHg versus 6.5 mmHg respectively and SBP, 16.0 mmHg versus 7.1 mmHg respectively. A high BMI increased the risk of fatal stroke of never and previous cigarette smokers. Men being treated for hypertension at the time of screening had three times the crude risk of fatal stroke of men who were not taking hypertensive treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Daily cigarette smoking increased the risk of fatal stroke three and a half times. Combined cigarette and pipe or cigar smoking had a higher risk than smoking cigarettes only. An increased risk was found in relation to increased daily cigarette consumption. Descriptors Adult, Blood Glucose, Blood Pressure, Body Mass Index, Cerebrovascular Disorders/etiology/mortality, Cohort Studies, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Norway/epidemiology, Prospective Studies, Regression Analysis, Smoking/adverse effects, Survival Rate Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Haheim,L. L., Holme,I., Hjermann,I., Leren,P. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID PMC1060377 Editors
Sustainability of a water, sanitation and hygiene education project in rural Bangladesh: a 5-year follow-up	1996	Environmental Health Programme, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), Dhaka, Bangladesh.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Bulletin of the World Health Organization Periodical, Abbrev. Bull.World Health Organ. Pub Date Free Form Volume 74 Issue 4 Start Page 431 Other Pages 437 Notes LR: 20130919; JID: 7507052; OID: NLM: PMC2486877; OID: PIP: 127290; OID: POP: 00268484; OTO: PIP; GN: PIP: TJ: BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION.; ppublish Place of Publication SWITZERLAND ISSN/ISBN 0042-9686; 0042-9686 Accession Number PMID: 8823966 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM; J DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 8823966 Abstract An integrated water supply, sanitation and hygiene (WSH) education intervention project was run by the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, over the period 1983-87. In the intervention area the project provided handpumps, pit latrines, and hygiene education to about 800 households. The control population did not receive any interventions, but had access to the usual government and private WSH facilities. After 1987 no external support was provided to maintain these provisions. A cross-sectional follow-up survey, which was carried out in 1992, involved about 500 randomly selected households from the intervention and control areas. In 1992 about 82% of the pumps were still in good functional condition and of these, 94% had been functioning well in 1987. Fewer latrines were functional in 1992 (64%) than at the end of 1987 (93%). In the former intervention area about 84% of the adults were using sanitary latrines in 1992 compared with only 7% in the control area. Knowledge related to disease transmission, however, was poor and similar in both areas. People claimed that they used the WSH facilities to improve the quality of their lives. The prevalence of diarrhoeal diseases in the 1992 survey among the control population was about twice that among those in the intervention area.; PIP: This study presents the findings of a 1992 follow-up survey to determine the behavioral and health benefits of the Mirzapur Handpump Project during 1984-92. The project was part of an integrated water supply, sanitation, and hygiene (WSH) education intervention project run by the International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research in Bangladesh. The project was implemented during 1984-87 in five villages in Mirzapur subdistrict among 880 households with 148 improved handpumps, one twin pit latrine for almost every household, and extensive hygiene education. The control area included 750 households with about 42 handpumps. Local women participated in selecting installation sites, maintaining tubewells and latrines, and collecting data. The last program repairs were made in 1987. Findings from the 1992 survey reveal that the percentage of working pumps declined from 100% to 82% during 1987-92. 75% of respondents believed that maintenance was shared by users. The remaining 25% in the intervention area and all in the control area claimed that repair was taken care of by the owners. 84% used tubewell water because of the improved quality. Use of sanitary latrines was the same over time. Use was 83% in the intervention area and only 8% in the control area. There was a decline in the percentage of proper functioning latrines from 98% in 1987 to 64% in 1993. Hygiene practices remained poor in 1993, but still higher than in the control area. Knowledge of the transmission of diarrhea was poor in 1992 and similar in control and intervention areas. Diarrheal morbidity in the previous 24 hours was significantly lower in the intervention area. Findings indicate improvement in health practices but little understanding of WSH practices and improved health. The monitoring measures were useful in determining project sustainability. Descriptors Adolescent, Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diarrhea/prevention & control, Female, Health Education, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, Hygiene/standards, Male, Quality of Life, Sampling Studies, Sanitation/standards, Water Supply/standards, Asia, Bangladesh, Demographic Factors, Developing Countries, Education, Environment, Follow-up Studies, Health, Hygiene, Natural Resources, Organization And Administration, Population, Population Characteristics, Population Education, Program Evaluation, Program Sustainability, Programs, Public Health, Research Methodology, Research Report, Rural Population, Sanitation, Southern Asia, Studies, Surveys, Water Supply Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Hoque,B. A., Juncker,T., Sack,R. B., Ali,M., Aziz,K. M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID PMC2486877 Editors
Nosocomial legionellosis traced to a contaminated ice machine.	1997	Graman, P.S., Department of Medicine, Strong Memorial Hospital, Rochester, NY, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Infection control and hospital epidemiology : the official journal of the Society of Hospital Epidemiologists of America Periodical, Abbrev. Infect.Control Hosp.Epidemiol. Pub Date Free Form / Volume 18 Issue 9 Start Page 637 Other Pages 640 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0899-823X Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract OBJECTIVE: To investigate a case of nosocomial legionellosis, identify pathways of transmission, and effect control of the environmental source. DESIGN: Case investigation and environmental culture surveillance. SETTING: A 720-bed university teaching hospital. CASE PATIENT: A ventilator-dependent 66-year-old male developed nosocomial pneumonia due to Legionella pneumophila serogroup 6 after 3 months in an intensive-care unit (ICU). The patient had no intake of potable water except for ice chips from an ice machine in the ICU. RESULTS: Cultures revealed L pneumophila serogroup 6 in the ice (4.3 colony-forming units/mL) and ice machine cold water (too numerous to count). Cultures from adjacent hot and cold taps, plus taps located near the patient, all were negative; ice machines and cold water on seven other patient units also were negative. Only sterile water had been used for tube feedings, mouth care, suctioning, and ventilator humidification. Hospital hot water previously had been colonized with L pneumophila serogroup 6, but all surveillance water cultures had been negative since chlorination of the hot-water system began the previous year; cold-water cultures had never before grown Legionella. The ice machine was disinfected with a 2-hour flush of 2.625% sodium hypochlorite. The supply line to the ice machine was replaced, and the cold-water pipe from the floor below was treated with 83 ppm sodium hypochlorite for 48 hours. All follow-up surveillance cultures of the ice machine remained negative through mid-1996. No additional cases of nosocomial legionellosis occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Ice machines may be reservoirs of L pneumophila in hospitals. Both ice and water dispensed from these machines may be contaminated, and nosocomial transmission may occur. Successful long-term decontamination and control can be accomplished with shock chlorination. Descriptors ice, aged, article, case report, cross infection, disease carrier, disease transmission, devices, human, legionnaire disease, male, microbiology, teaching hospital, United States Links Book Title Database MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Graman,P. S., Quinlan,G. A., Rank,J. A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

E-mail