WTS database

Title	Pub Year	SearchLink
Smoking habits in the Middle East and North Africa: results of the BREATHE study	2012	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Respir Med Periodical, Abbrev. Respir.Med. Pub Date Free Form Volume 106 Suppl 2 Issue Start Page S16 Other Pages 24 Notes ID: 23290700 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Few recent comparative data exist on smoking habits in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. The objective of this analysis was to evaluate smoking patterns in a large general population sample of individuals aged = 40 years in ten countries in the region (Algeria, Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey and United Arab Emirates), together with Pakistan, using a standardised methodology. A random sample of 457,258 telephone numbers was generated and called. This identified 65,154 eligible subjects, of whom 62,086 agreed to participate. A screening questionnaire was administered to each participant, which included six questions relating to cigarette consumption and waterpipe use. The age- and gender-adjusted proportion of respondents reporting current or past smoking of cigarettes or waterpipes was 31.2% 95% CI: 30.9-31.6%]. This proportion was significantly higher (p Descriptors Links http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0954-6111(12)70011-2 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Khattab,Adel, Javaid,Arshad, Iraqi,Ghali, Alzaabi,Ashraf, Ben Kheder, Ali, Koniski,Marie-Louise, Shahrour,Naem, Taright,Samya, Idrees,Magdy, Polatli,Mehmet, Rashid,Nauman, El Hasnaoui, Abdelkader Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
The Waterpipe: A New Global Threat to CV Health?	2012	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Glob Heart Periodical, Abbrev. Pub Date Free Form Volume 7 Issue 2 Start Page 179 Other Pages 81 Notes ID: 25691314 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Descriptors Links http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gheart.2012.03.003 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Maziak,Wasim Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Contributory Factors to the Smoking of Shisha among Teenagers in the Perak City of Ipoh: A Preliminary Qualitative Survey	2012	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full International Journal of Public Health Research Periodical, Abbrev. Pub Date Free Form Volume 2 Issue 1 Start Page 80 Other Pages 84 Notes ID: 802668 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract The purpose of this study is to explore the reasons of Shisha smoking among teenagers in Ipoh, Perak. Data was collected using in-depth face to face interview. Purposive convenient sampling was used to select volunteer respondents from one of the Shisha restaurant located at Ipoh. The interviews were conducted for 15-20 minutes, recorded using video tape. The data obtained was transcribed and coded for the purpose of thematic analysis. All respondents were influenced by peers in their first attempt in Shisha smoking. Other reasons attracting them to continue smoking Shisha include appealing smell and the flavoured taste of Shisha, easy to access, perceived that Shisha was not addictive and its cheaper price. In terms of perception on health risk, all respondents believed that Shisha was less harmful compared to cigarette smoking. More educational programme, health talk about risk of Shisha should be developed and conducted to rectify the misconception about health risk of Shisha smoking. The target population should be focus on male teenagers who smoke Shisha in order to control the widespread Shisha smoking in Malaysia. Descriptors Links http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/wpro-802668 Book Title Database GHL; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Khor,Poh Yen, Norshidah,Binti Harun, Fazreenizam,Bin Ishak, Nur Aimy Iryany,Mohd Anuar, Norain,Abdul Karim, Azman,Aqirah, Tuan Suriana,Tuan Mahmood Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Breath carbon monoxide levels in different forms of smoking	2012	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Periodical, Abbrev. Pub Date Free Form 25-May Volume Issue Start Page Other Pages Notes ID: imsear.hellis.org-123456789-138647 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Background and Objectives. Bidi, cigarette, hookah and chillum are common modes of tobacco smoking in India. Many people consider hookah and chillum smoking less toxic because smoke is filtered through water or wet cloth. We evaluated the toxicity of tobacco smoking by measuring end-tidal carbon monoxide (eCO) levels after various modes of smoking. Methods. Eighteen healthy smokers who smoked bidi, cigarette, hookah and chillum on six days were studied. They smoked one bidi, one cigarette, five minutes hookah, one serve (15 minutes) hookah, five minutes chillum and one serve (15 minutes) chillum on six days randomly. The eCO values were measured before initiation of smoking and for a period of one hour after the smoking session. Increase in eCO values in comparison to baseline after different modes of smoking was compared. Results. In comparison to baseline, mean eCO levels were raised by 4.94 (0.96) parts per million (ppm) immediately and 4.17 (1.07) ppm 60 minutes after cigarette smoking. Bidi smoking caused slightly less increase in mean eCO levels (3.17 0.82]). One serve of hookah and chillum smoking caused elevation of mean eCO values by almost eight-folds higher than that of cigarette smoking. Five minutes of smoking with hookah (22.18 5.29]) and one serve of hookah (33.0 8.76]) and chillum (40.14 12.73]) caused significantly higher values of mean increase in eCO in comparison to cigarette smoking (p Descriptors Links http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/oai-imsear.hellis.org-123456789-138647 Book Title Database IMSEAR; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Singh,Sheetu, Soumya,M., Saini,Anirudh, Mittal,Varun, Singh,Udai Veer, Singh,Virendra Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Drugs for Smoking Cessation	2011	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Book, Section Periodical, Full Periodical, Abbrev. Pub Date Free Form Volume Issue Start Page Other Pages Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2011 Place of Publication Ottawa (ON) ISSN/ISBN Accession Number PMID: 27512794 Language eng SubFile Review; Book Chapter DOI NBK379209 [bookaccession] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 27512794 Abstract Most people who try to quit unaided are unsuccessful in the long-term. Smoking is a complex addiction, with physical and psychological components. Interventions to help smokers quit may include drug therapy to manage withdrawal and cravings for nicotine (the addictive chemical component of tobacco) and/or behavioural therapy such as counselling or education. Evidence-based information on the efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness of drug therapy can help to inform decisions about pharmacologic-based strategies for smoking cessation. Descriptors Links Book Title CADTH Report / Project in Briefs Database Publisher #NAME? Data Source Authors Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Hot water systems as sources of Legionella pneumophila in hospital and nonhospital plumbing fixtures	1982	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Applied and Environmental Microbiology Periodical, Abbrev. Appl.Environ.Microbiol. Pub Date Free Form May Volume 43 Issue 5 Start Page 1104 Other Pages 1110 Notes LR: 20130924; GR: AI 17047/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States; JID: 7605801; OID: NLM: PMC244193; ppublish Place of Publication UNITED STATES ISSN/ISBN 0099-2240; 0099-2240 Accession Number PMID: 7103477 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 7103477 Abstract Samples obtained from plumbing systems of hospitals, nonhospital institutions and homes were cultured for Legionella spp. by plating the samples directly on a selective medium. Swab samples were taken from the inner surfaces of faucet assemblies (aerators, spouts, and valve seats), showerheads, and shower pipes. Water and sediment were collected from the bottom of hot-water tanks. Legionella pneumophila serogroups 1, 5, and 6 were recovered from plumbing fixtures of the hospitals and nonhospital institutions and one of five homes. The legionellae (7 to 13,850 colony-forming units per ml) were also present in water and sediment from hot-water tanks maintained at 30 to 54 degrees C, but not in those maintained at 71 and 77 degrees C. Legionella micdadei was isolated from one tank. Thus legionellae are present in hot-water tanks which are maintained at warm temperatures or whose design results in warm temperatures at the bottom of the tanks. We hypothesize that hot-water tanks are a breeding site and a major source of L. pneumophila for the contamination of plumbing systems. The existence of these bacteria in the plumbing systems and tanks was not necessarily associated with disease. The extent of the hazard of this contamination needs to be delineated. Descriptors Equipment and Supplies, Hospital, Hot Temperature, Legionella/growth & development/isolation & purification, Sanitary Engineering/instrumentation, Water Microbiology, Water Supply Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Wadowsky,R. M., Yee,R. B., Mezmar,L., Wing,E. J., Dowling,J. N. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID PMC244193 Editors
Effect of smoking on aerobic microflora of dental plaques	1990	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Bulletin of High Institute of Public Health Periodical, Abbrev. Pub Date Free Form Volume 20 Issue 1 Start Page 59 Other Pages 65 Notes ID: 18086 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language english SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Dental plaques of 36 smokers of cigarettes, shisha and ghoza with a mean age of 35.4 years As well as those of a control group of 23] non smokers of similar age were investigated to study their aerobic microflora, The specimen were taken from So dental plaque. Their bacterial population was estimated. Smoker! using cigarette had the lower score gingivitis 0-2] while those using shisha and ghoza had higher score 3-4] as compared with control group. showing Zero-1] score. The type of organisms en countered in smokers was not markedly different from that in not smokers but their numbers varied a lot. However, streptococci diphtheroids and micrococci took the upper hand in the latter while lactose and non lactose fermenting gram ve bacilli and Candida tropicalis were absent from such samples. Higher counts of fungi were noted in smokers in general and those of shisha i ghoza in particular. Association of high numbers of yeasts and bacteria was noted in 19/36 and 5/23 of smokers and non smokers respectively. Three types of yeasts were isolated C. albicans C. tropicalis saccharomyces cervicae. While filamentous fungi represented by aspergillus and penicillium spp. It was obviom from that when there was rise in number of fungi iii smokers number of bacteria was simulataneouly increased as well Descriptors Bacteria, Aerobic, Smoking Links http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/emro-18086 Book Title Database GHL; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Wageh,Nagaat M., Abou Donia,Hadia Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Water-pipe (narguile) smokers in Lebanon: a pilot study	2009	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full East Mediterr Health J Periodical, Abbrev. East.Mediterr.Health J. Pub Date Free Form Volume 15 Issue 2 Start Page 432 Other Pages 42 Notes ID: 19554991 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract We carried out a comparative study to assess the demographic and social characteristics of water pipe (WP) smokers, the association with cigarette smoking and chronic respiratory diseases and the dependence profile on 4 groups: exclusive WP smokers, exclusive cigarette smokers, mixed smokers and absolute non-smokers. Cigarette smoking was statistically significantly higher in WP smokers than non-WP smokers; 36.5% of exclusive WP smokers smoked > or =7 WPs/week. Chronic respiratory disease and chronic bronchitis were reported more frequently in exclusive WP smokers than absolute non-smokers. WP smoking seems to be as great a risk factor as cigarette smoking for chronic respiratory disease. Descriptors Bronchitis, Smoking, Water, Adult, Bronchitis/epidemiology, Bronchitis/etiology, Case-Control Studies, Chi-Square Distribution, Chronic Disease, Comorbidity, Female, Filtration/instrumentation, Health Surveys, Humans, Lebanon/epidemiology, Logistic Models, Male, Middle Aged, Pilot Projects, Risk Factors, Smoking/adverse effects, Smoking/epidemiology, Statistics, Nonparametric, Questionnaires, Tobacco Use Disorder/complications, Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiology Links http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/mdl-19554991 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Waked,M., Salameh,P., Aoun,Z. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease prevalence in Lebanon: a cross-sectional descriptive study	2011	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Clin Epidemiol Periodical, Abbrev. Pub Date Free Form Volume 3 Issue Start Page 315 Other Pages 23 Notes ID: 22253549 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract BACKGROUND: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) continues to increase worldwide. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of COPD in Lebanese adults. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out using a multistage cluster sample from all over Lebanon. Residents aged 40 years and over were enrolled. Subjects underwent baseline spirometry and answered a questionnaire. After an albuterol + ipratropium bromide bronchodilator, a posttest was performed. RESULTS: Of 2201 individuals, only 33.3% had never smoked. The prevalence of COPD by the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease definition, was 9.7% (95% confidence interval CI]: 8.5%-10.9%). According to the 5% lower limit of normal definition of COPD, the prevalence was 12.5% (95% CI: 11.2%-13.9%). A total of 20.2% were already diagnosed by a physician. No differences in symptoms across stages of COPD were found, but there was a significant trend for a higher number of visits to the emergency room and to the doctor (P < 0.001), and a higher number of hospitalizations (P < 0.001). Older individuals had an increased risk of COPD (adjusted odds ratio OR(a)] = 1.05); so did "ever" cigarette smokers (OR(a) = 4.88) and water-pipe smokers (OR(a) = 2.53). CONCLUSION: This is the first epidemiological study in Lebanon that determined COPD prevalence and the link with water-pipe smoking. Descriptors Links http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3257901/?tool=pubmed; http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/CLEP.S26350 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Waked,Mirna, Khayat,George, Salameh,Pascale Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Respiratory disorders in the Middle East: a review	2011	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Respirology Periodical, Abbrev. Respirology Pub Date Free Form Volume 16 Issue 5 Start Page 755 Other Pages 66 Notes ID: 21564399 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract The spectrum of pulmonary pathology in the Middle East is as versatile as its civilizations and cultures. In this review, we outline the key challenges confronting pulmonologists in the Middle East. We shed light on the diverse conditions commonly encountered in the region, from the centuries-old illnesses of tuberculosis, to contemporary problems such as lung complications from chemical warfare. We specifically highlighted unique aspects related to respiratory illnesses in the Middle East, for example, climate factors in the desert region, cultural habits, for example, water-pipe smoking and disorders unique to the region, such as BehÃ§et's disease. Pulmonologists are also faced with the consequences of modernization, including large immigrant population and associated social and health issues, rising incidence of obesity and sleep apnoea, and drug-resistant tuberculosis. Tackling these health issues will require an integrated approach involving public health, primary care as well as specialist pulmonology input, taking into consideration the unique cultural and environmental factors to ensure effective management and compliance to medical care. Descriptors Lung Diseases/epidemiology, Lung Diseases/etiology, Behcet Syndrome/epidemiology, Chemical Warfare Agents/adverse effects, Humans, Lung Diseases/therapy, Middle East/epidemiology, Primary Health Care/trends, Smoking/adverse effects, Tuberculosis/epidemiology Links http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1843.2011.01988.x Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Waness,Abdelkarim, El-Sameed,Yaser, Mahboub,Bassam, Noshi,Mohammed, Al-Jahdali,Hamdan, Vats,Mayank, Mehta,Atul C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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