WTS database

Title	Pub Year	Author	SearchLink Sort descending
Tobacco use in older adults in Ghana: sociodemographic characteristics, health risks and subjective wellbeing	2013	Department of Community Health, University of Ghana Medical School, College of Health Sciences, Room 46, P, O, Box 4236, Korle-Bu, Accra, Ghana. aeyawson@yahoo.com.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full BMC public health Periodical, Abbrev. BMC Public Health Pub Date Free Form 20-Oct Volume 13 Issue Start Page 979 Other Pages 2458-13-979 Notes GR: OGHA 04034785/PHS HHS/United States; GR: R01 AG034479-64401A1/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States; GR: Y1-AG-1005-01/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States; GR: YA1323-08-CN-0020/CN/NCI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 100968562; OID: NLM: PMC3924352; 2013/08/14 [received] Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1471-2458; 1471-2458 Accession Number PMID: 24138966 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1186/1471-2458-13-979 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24138966 Abstract BACKGROUND: Tobacco use over the life-course threatens to increase disease burden in older adulthood, including lower income countries like Ghana. This paper describes demographic, socioeconomic, health risks and life satisfaction indices related to tobacco use among older adults in Ghana. METHODS: This work was based on the World Health Organization's multi-country Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE), conducted in six countries including Ghana. Wave one of SAGE in Ghana was conducted in 2007-2008 as collaboration between WHO and the University of Ghana Medical School through the Department of Community Health. A nationally representative sample of 4305 older adults aged 50 years and above were interviewed. Associations between tobacco consumption and sociodemographic, socioeconomic, health risk and life satisfaction were evaluated using chi-square and odds ratio (OR). Logistic regression analyses, adjusted for age, sex and other variables, were conducted to determine predictors of tobacco consumption in older persons. RESULTS: Overall prevalence of current daily smokers among older adults in Ghana was 7.6%. Tobacco use (i.e. ever used tobacco) was associated with older males, (AOR = 1.10, CI 1.05-1.15), older adults residing in rural locations (AOR = 1.37, CI 1.083-1.724), and older adults who used alcohol (AOR = 1.13, CI 0.230-2.418). Tobacco use was also associated (although not statistically significant per p-values) with increased self-reporting of angina, arthritis, asthma, chronic lung disease, depression, diabetes, hypertension, and stroke. Older adults who used tobacco and with increased health risks, tended to be without health insurance (AOR = 1.41, CI 1.111-1.787). Satisfaction with life and daily living was much lower for those who use tobacco. Regional differences existed in tobacco use; the three northern regions (Upper East, Northern and Upper West) had higher proportions of tobacco use among older adults in the country. Quitting tobacco use was higher in the 70+ years age group, in women, among urban residents and in those with at least secondary education. Quitting tobacco use also increased with increasing income levels. CONCLUSIONS: Tobacco use among older adults in Ghana was associated with older men living in rural locations, chronic ill-health and reduced life satisfaction. A high proportion of older adults have stopped using tobacco, demonstrating the possibilities for effective public health interventions. Health risk reduction strategies through targeted anti-smoking health campaigns, improvement in access to health and social protection (such as health insurance) will reduce health risks among older persons who use tobacco. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Yawson,A.E., Baddoo,A., Hagan-Seneadza,N.A., Calys-Tagoe,B., Hewlett,S., Dako-Gyeke,P., Mensah,G., Minicuci,N., Naidoo,N., Chatterji,S., Kowal,P., Biritwum,R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20131020 PMCID PMC3924352 Editors
Is consumer response to plain/standardised tobacco packaging consistent with framework convention on tobacco control guidelines? A systematic review of quantitative studies	2013	Institute for Social Marketing & Cancer Research United Kingdom Centre for Tobacco Control Research and United Kingdom Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full PloS one Periodical, Abbrev. PLoS One Pub Date Free Form 16-Oct Volume 8 Issue 10 Start Page e75919 Other Pages Notes LR: 20150708; GR: MR/K023195/1/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom; GR: British Heart Foundation/United Kingdom; GR: Department of Health/United Kingdom; GR: Medical Research Council/United Kingdom; JID: 101285081; OID: NLM: PMC3797796; 2013 [ecollect Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1932-6203; 1932-6203 Accession Number PMID: 24146791 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review; IM DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0075919 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24146791 Abstract BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Standardised or 'plain' tobacco packaging was introduced in Australia in December 2012 and is currently being considered in other countries. The primary objective of this systematic review was to locate, assess and synthesise published and grey literature relating to the potential impacts of standardised tobacco packaging as proposed by the guidelines for the international Framework Convention on Tobacco Control: reduced appeal, increased salience and effectiveness of health warnings, and more accurate perceptions of product strength and harm. METHODS: Electronic databases were searched and researchers in the field were contacted to identify studies. Eligible studies were published or unpublished primary research of any design, issued since 1980 and concerning tobacco packaging. Twenty-five quantitative studies reported relevant outcomes and met the inclusion criteria. A narrative synthesis was conducted. RESULTS: Studies that explored the impact of package design on appeal consistently found that standardised packaging reduced the appeal of cigarettes and smoking, and was associated with perceived lower quality, poorer taste and less desirable smoker identities. Although findings were mixed, standardised packs tended to increase the salience and effectiveness of health warnings in terms of recall, attention, believability and seriousness, with effects being mediated by the warning size, type and position on pack. Pack colour was found to influence perceptions of product harm and strength, with darker coloured standardised packs generally perceived as containing stronger tasting and more harmful cigarettes than fully branded packs; lighter coloured standardised packs suggested weaker and less harmful cigarettes. Findings were largely consistent, irrespective of location and sample. CONCLUSIONS: The evidence strongly suggests that standardised packaging will reduce the appeal of packaging and of smoking in general; that it will go some way to reduce consumer misperceptions regarding product harm based upon package design; and will help make the legally required on-pack health warnings more salient. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Stead,M., Moodie,C., Angus,K., Bauld,L., McNeill,A., Thomas,J., Hastings,G., Hinds,K., O'Mara-Eves,A., Kwan,I., Purves,R.I., Bryce,S.L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20131016 PMCID PMC3797796 Editors
Hookah pipe smoking among health sciences students	2013	Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa. nicolina.vandermerwe@gmail.com.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full South African medical journal = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde Periodical, Abbrev. S.Afr.Med.J. Pub Date Free Form 30-Sep Volume 103 Issue 11 Start Page 847 Other Pages 849 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 0404520; 2013/08/31 [received]; 2013/09/05 [accepted]; epublish Place of Publication South Africa ISSN/ISBN 0256-9574 Accession Number PMID: 24148170 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.7196/samj.7448 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24148170 Abstract BACKGROUND: Hookah pipe smoking is a social practice and has gained popularity, especially among South African youth. The extent of this practice among health sciences students, and their knowledge regarding the health risks, are unknown. This is important, as these students will become future health professionals possibly influencing the practice of individuals and communities. OBJECTIVE: To explore the knowledge, attitudes and practices of hookah pipe smoking among students at the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town. METHODS. A cross-sectional study was conducted among undergraduate and postgraduate students. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed as a hard copy and online survey. RESULTS: Of 228 participants, 66% had smoked a hookah pipe before, with 18% still smoking. Most began smoking in high school, with 25% initiating at university. Of the current smokers, 65% smoked occasionally socially, commonly at friends' houses for 30 - 60 min/session. A further 11% smoked cigarettes concurrently and 30% added other substances, mainly cannabis, to pipes. Most current hookah smokers had no interest in quitting (84%). Only 30% of participants had prior health information about hookah pipe smoking. Most knew that it was harmful (91%), with many not knowing why. A total of 80% of participants perceived that the practice was socially acceptable and 84% would recommend it to others.CONCLUSION; The poor knowledge about the dangers of hookah pipe smoking and the extent of its practice among health sciences students is alarming. These findings highlight the need for school and university health promotion campaigns, and for better regulation of hookah pipe smoking. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors van der Merwe,N., Banoobhai,T., Gqweta,A., Gwala,A., Masiea,T., Misra,M., Zweigenthal,V. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20130930 PMCID Editors
Carbon nanotubes reinforced hollow fiber solid phase microextraction for the determination of strychnine and brucine in urine	2013	Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Talanta Periodical, Abbrev. Talanta Pub Date Free Form 15-Nov Volume 116 Issue Start Page 188 Other Pages 194 Notes CI: (c) 2013; JID: 2984816R; 0 (Membranes, Artificial); 0 (Nanotubes, Carbon); 6NG17YCK6H (brucine); H9Y79VD43J (Strychnine); NV1779205D (1-Octanol); OTO: NOTNLM; 2013/03/01 [received]; 2013/05/09 [revised]; 2013/05/11 [accepted]; 2013/05/16 [aheadofprint Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 1873-3573; 0039-9140 Accession Number PMID: 24148391 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.05.025 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24148391 Abstract A mixed matrix membrane (MMM), based on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and hollow fiber (HF), was prepared and combined with solid phase microextraction (SPME) mode to determine strychnine and brucine in urine. This MMM was prepared by dispersing CNTs in water via surfactant assistance, and then immobilizing CNTs into the pores of HF by capillary forces and sonification. The prepared carbon nanotubes reinforced hollow fiber (CNTs-HF) was subsequently wetted by a few microliters of organic solvent (1-octanol), and then applied to extract the target analytes in direct immersion sampling mode. After extraction, analytes were desorbed via ultrasonic-assisted effect, and then detected via high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). To achieve the highest extraction efficiency, main extraction parameters such as the type and amount of surfactant, the diameter and doping level of CNTs, extraction time, desorption condition, pH value, stirring rate and volume of the donor phase were optimized. Under the optimum extraction conditions, the method showed good linearity ranges with correlation coefficients higher than 0.9990, good repeatability and batch-to-batch reproducibility with relative standard deviations (RSDs) less than 6% and 5% for strychnine and brucine, respectively, and low limits of detection (0.7 and 0.9 microg L(-1) for strychnine and brucine, respectively). The recoveries were in the range of 83.81-116.14% at three spiked levels. The developed method was successfully applied to real urine sample with mean relative recoveries of 94.28% and 91.30% for strychnine and brucine, respectively. The developed method shows comparable results against reference methods and is a simple, green, and cost-effective microextraction technique. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier B.V Data Source Authors Song,X.Y., Shi,Y.P., Chen,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20130516 PMCID Editors
Hookah use among adolescents in the United States: results of a national survey	2014	Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY;	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Feb Volume 16 Issue 2 Start Page 231 Other Pages 237 Notes JID: 9815751; 2013/10/23 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-994X; 1462-2203 Accession Number PMID: 24154512 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1093/ntr/ntt160 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24154512 Abstract INTRODUCTION: U.S. adolescents increasingly use alternative tobacco products (ATPs), including hookah. No study has previously assessed correlates of adolescent hookah use in a nationally representative sample. METHODS: Cross-sectional, nationally representative data of adolescents from the 2011 National Youth Tobacco Survey (NYTS) were used. Student demographics and their use of, exposure to, and beliefs about tobacco were examined as correlates of hookah use. RESULTS: Of adolescents nationwide, 7.3% reported ever trying hookah and 2.6% reported using hookah within the past month. Increasing age was associated with trying hookah, but not current hookah use. Sex was unassociated with hookah use. Asians were most likely to have tried hookah; Hispanics and those of another race reported greater current hookah use. Hookah use increased with perceived ease of access to and willingness to try tobacco. Students with a hookah user at home were more likely to have tried hookah and to currently use hookah. Current cigarette use was not associated with current hookah use (odds ratio [OR] = 1.3, 95% CI = 0.8-2.1), but was associated with trying hookah (OR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.1-2.2). Non-cigarette tobacco use was associated with trying hookah (OR = 2.7, 95% CI = 2.1-3.5) and current hookah use (OR = 4.8, 95% CI = 2.7-8.7). CONCLUSIONS: A sizeable minority of U.S. adolescents use hookah, particularly those living with hookah users, those who use other ATPs, and those who perceive tobacco as easily accessible. Current cigarette use was not associated with current hookah use. Future studies assessing the dangers of hookah use and interventions to curb this emerging problem appear warranted. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Amrock,S.M., Gordon,T., Zelikoff,J.T., Weitzman,M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20131023 PMCID Editors
Psychosocial interventions for supporting women to stop smoking in pregnancy	2013	Global Health and Society Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, L3/89 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 3181.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Cochrane database of systematic reviews Periodical, Abbrev. Cochrane Database Syst.Rev. Pub Date Free Form 23-Oct Volume (10):CD001055. doi Issue 10 Start Page CD001055 Other Pages Notes LR: 20160602; GR: 12/183/17/Department of Health/United Kingdom; JID: 100909747; EMS58399; OID: NLM: EMS58399; OID: NLM: PMC4022453; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-493X; 1361-6137 Accession Number PMID: 24154953 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Review; IM DOI 10.1002/14651858.CD001055.pub4 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24154953 Abstract BACKGROUND: Tobacco smoking in pregnancy remains one of the few preventable factors associated with complications in pregnancy, stillbirth, low birthweight and preterm birth and has serious long-term implications for women and babies. Smoking in pregnancy is decreasing in high-income countries, but is strongly associated with poverty and increasing in low- to middle-income countries. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of smoking cessation interventions during pregnancy on smoking behaviour and perinatal health outcomes. SEARCH METHODS: In this fifth update, we searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group's Trials Register (1 March 2013), checked reference lists of retrieved studies and contacted trial authors to locate additional unpublished data. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised controlled trials, cluster-randomised trials, randomised cross-over trials, and quasi-randomised controlled trials (with allocation by maternal birth date or hospital record number) of psychosocial smoking cessation interventions during pregnancy. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two review authors independently assessed trials for inclusion and trial quality, and extracted data. Direct comparisons were conducted in RevMan, and subgroup analyses and sensitivity analysis were conducted in SPSS. MAIN RESULTS: Eighty-six trials were included in this updated review, with 77 trials (involving over 29,000 women) providing data on smoking abstinence in late pregnancy.In separate comparisons, counselling interventions demonstrated a significant effect compared with usual care (27 studies; average risk ratio (RR) 1.44, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.19 to 1.75), and a borderline effect compared with less intensive interventions (16 studies; average RR 1.35, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.82). However, a significant effect was only seen in subsets where counselling was provided in conjunction with other strategies. It was unclear whether any type of counselling strategy is more effective than others (one study; RR 1.15, 95% CI 0.86 to 1.53). In studies comparing counselling and usual care (the largest comparison), it was unclear whether interventions prevented smoking relapse among women who had stopped smoking spontaneously in early pregnancy (eight studies; average RR 1.06, 95% CI 0.93 to 1.21). However, a clear effect was seen in smoking abstinence at zero to five months postpartum (10 studies; average RR 1.76, 95% CI 1.05 to 2.95), a borderline effect at six to 11 months (six studies; average RR 1.33, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.77), and a significant effect at 12 to 17 months (two studies, average RR 2.20, 95% CI 1.23 to 3.96), but not in the longer term. In other comparisons, the effect was not significantly different from the null effect for most secondary outcomes, but sample sizes were small.Incentive-based interventions had the largest effect size compared with a less intensive intervention (one study; RR 3.64, 95% CI 1.84 to 7.23) and an alternative intervention (one study; RR 4.05, 95% CI 1.48 to 11.11).Feedback interventions demonstrated a significant effect only when compared with usual care and provided in conjunction with other strategies, such as counselling (two studies; average RR 4.39, 95% CI 1.89 to 10.21), but the effect was unclear when compared with a less intensive intervention (two studies; average RR 1.19, 95% CI 0.45 to 3.12).The effect of health education was unclear when compared with usual care (three studies; average RR 1.51, 95% CI 0.64 to 3.59) or less intensive interventions (two studies; average RR 1.50, 95% CI 0.97 to 2.31).Social support interventions appeared effective when provided by peers (five studies; average RR 1.49, 95% CI 1.01 to 2.19), but the effect was unclear in a single trial of support provided by partners.The effects were mixed where the smoking interventions were provided as part of broader interventions to improve maternal health, rather than targeted smoking cessation interventions.Subgroup analyses on primary outcome for all s Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Chamberlain,C., O'Mara-Eves,A., Oliver,S., Caird,J.R., Perlen,S.M., Eades,S.J., Thomas,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20131023 PMCID PMC4022453 Editors
Prevalence of smoking among secondary school male students in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: a survey study	2013	Family and Community Medicine Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. hashimrida51@hotmail.com.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full BMC public health Periodical, Abbrev. BMC Public Health Pub Date Free Form 25-Oct Volume 13 Issue Start Page 1010 Other Pages 2458-13-1010 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 100968562; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); OID: NLM: PMC3840679; 2013/06/06 [received]; 2013/10/16 [accepted]; 2013/10/25 [aheadofprint]; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1471-2458; 1471-2458 Accession Number PMID: 24160571 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1186/1471-2458-13-1010 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24160571 Abstract BACKGROUND: This study was conducted to examine the prevalence of smoking and the smoking habits among male secondary school students in Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and to assess their knowledge and attitudes towards smoking. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Jeddah, using a two-stage cluster sample that randomly selected four schools from 85 public secondary schools for males. Data were obtained through a self-administered questionnaire containing questions on personal background, smoking behavior, knowledge, and behavior and attitudes towards smoking. A total of 695 students responded to the questionnaires with an 87.4% response rate. RESULTS: The age range of this student sample was 16-22 years. Two hundred fifty-eight (37%) of the study group were current smokers. The most common reasons given for smoking were personal choice (50.8%) and the peer pressure from smoker friends (32.8%). Many students researched the smoking hazards (68.1%), but only 47.6% knew about the bad effects of passive smoking. Two thirds of the smoking students wanted to quit smoking (63.2%), especially if suitable help was available, and 75.1% tried to quit. A third of the smoking students (36.8%) found it difficult to stop smoking in no-smoking areas. CONCLUSION: A well-planned integrated antismoking campaign is urgently required, especially among students and teachers. Our study revealed that smoking prevalence was high, which will lead to future high smoking-related health problems if proper preventive measures are not taken accordingly. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Fida,H.R., Abdelmoneim,I. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20131025 PMCID PMC3840679 Editors
Flavored-little-cigar and flavored-cigarette use among U.S. middle and high school students	2014	Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia. Electronic address: baking@cdc.gov.; Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine Periodical, Abbrev. J.Adolesc.Health Pub Date Free Form Jan Volume 54 Issue 1 Start Page 40 Other Pages 46 Notes LR: 20160229; CI: Published by Elsevier Inc.; GR: CC999999/Intramural CDC HHS/United States; JID: 9102136; 0 (Flavoring Agents); HHSPA722043; OID: NLM: HHSPA722043; OID: NLM: PMC4572463; OTO: NOTNLM; 2013/05/02 [received]; 2013/07/27 [revised]; 2013/07/29 Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1879-1972; 1054-139X Accession Number PMID: 24161587 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2013.07.033 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24161587 Abstract PURPOSE: Flavors can mask the harshness and taste of tobacco, making flavored tobacco products appealing to youth. We assessed the prevalence and correlates of flavored-little-cigar and flavored-cigarette use among U.S. middle and high school students in 2011. METHODS: Data were obtained from the 2011 National Youth Tobacco Survey, a nationally representative school-based survey of U.S. students in grades 6-12. National estimates of current flavored-little-cigar use, flavored-cigarette use, and combined use of either product were calculated overall and among current smokers by respondent characteristics, including sex, race/ethnicity, school level, and grade. Additionally, intention to quit tobacco and smoking frequency were assessed by flavored product use. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of current use was 4.2% for flavored cigarettes, 3.3% for flavored little cigars, and 6.3% for either product. Among current cigar smokers, 35.9% reported using flavored little cigars, and among current cigarette smokers, 35.4% reported using flavored cigarettes. Among current cigar or cigarette smokers, 42.4% reported using flavored little cigars or flavored cigarettes. Flavored product use among current smokers was higher among non-Hispanic whites than among blacks and Hispanics, higher among high school students than middle school students, and increased with grade. Among cigar smokers, prevalence of no intention to quit tobacco was higher among flavored-little-cigar users (59.7%) than nonusers (49.3%). CONCLUSIONS: More than two fifths of U.S. middle and high school smokers report using flavored little cigars or flavored cigarettes, and disparities in the use of these products exist across subpopulations. Efforts are needed to reduce flavored tobacco product use among youth. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors King,B.A., Tynan,M.A., Dube,S.R., Arrazola,R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20131022 PMCID PMC4572463 Editors
'Enter at your own risk': a multimethod study of air quality and biological measures in Canadian waterpipe cafes	2015	Ontario Tobacco Research Unit, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.; Ontario Tobacco Research Unit, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.; Ontario Tobacco Research Unit, Dalla La	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tobacco control Periodical, Abbrev. Tob.Control Pub Date Free Form Mar Volume 24 Issue 2 Start Page 175 Other Pages 181 Notes CI: Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.; JID: 9209612; 0 (Air Pollutants); 0 (Particulate Matter); 0 (Tobacc Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1468-3318; 0964-4563 Accession Number PMID: 24161999 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2013-051180 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24161999 Abstract BACKGROUND: Tobacco and non-tobacco-based waterpipe smoking has increased exponentially in many countries in recent decades, particularly among youth and young adults. Although tobacco smoking is banned in many indoor public places, waterpipe smoking, ostensibly non-tobacco, continues in Ontario and other jurisdictions where only tobacco smoking is prohibited. This study assessed air quality and exposure in waterpipe cafes using multiple methods and markers. METHODS: Indoor (n=12) and outdoor (n=5) air quality was assessed in Toronto, Canada waterpipe cafes from 30 August to 11 October 2012. Real-time measurements of air nicotine, fine particulate matter less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) and ambient carbon monoxide (CO) were collected in 2 h sessions. Levels of CO in breath were collected in non-smoking field staff before entering and upon leaving venues. Observations of occupant behaviour, environmental changes and venue characteristics were also recorded. RESULTS: In indoor venues, mean values were 1419 microg/m(3) for PM2.5, 17.7 ppm for ambient CO, and 3.3 microg/m(3) for air nicotine. Levels increased with increasing number of active waterpipes. On outdoor patios, mean values were 80.5 microg/m(3) for PM2.5, 0.5 ppm for ambient CO, and 0.6 microg/m(3) for air nicotine. Air quality levels in indoor waterpipe cafes are hazardous for human health. Outdoor waterpipe cafes showed less harmful particulate levels than indoors, but mean PM2.5 levels (80.5 microg/m(3)) were still 'poor'. CONCLUSIONS: Staff and patrons of waterpipe cafes are exposed to air quality levels considered hazardous to human health. Results support eliminating waterpipe smoking in hospitality venues indoors and out. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Zhang,B., Haji,F., Kaufman,P., Muir,S., Ferrence,R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20131025 PMCID Editors
Tobacco cessation among low-income smokers: motivational enhancement and nicotine patch treatment	2014	Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI;	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Apr Volume 16 Issue 4 Start Page 413 Other Pages 422 Notes LR: 20151119; GR: K01 CA160670/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01DA010860/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9815751; 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); OID: NLM: PMC3954421; 2013/10/30 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-994X; 1462-2203 Accession Number PMID: 24174612 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 10.1093/ntr/ntt166 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24174612 Abstract INTRODUCTION: Despite decades of tobacco use decline among the general population in the United States, tobacco use among low-income populations continues to be a major public health concern. Smoking rates are higher among individuals with less than a high school education, those with no health insurance, and among individuals living below the federal poverty level. Despite these disparities, smoking cessation treatments for low-income populations have not been extensively tested. In the current study, the efficacy of 2 adjunctive smoking cessation interventions was evaluated among low-income smokers who were seen in a primary care setting. METHODS: A total of 846 participants were randomly assigned either to motivational enhancement treatment plus brief physician advice and 8 weeks of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) or to standard care, which consisted of brief physician advice and 8 weeks of NRT. Tobacco smoking abstinence was at 1, 2, 6, and 12 months following baseline. RESULTS: The use of the nicotine patch, telephone counseling, and positive decisional balance were predictive of increased abstinence rates, and elevated stress levels and temptation to smoke in both social/habit and negative affect situations decreased abstinence rates across time. Analyses showed intervention effects on smoking temptations, length of patch use, and number of telephone contacts. Direct intervention effects on abstinence rates were not significant, after adjusting for model predictors and selection bias due to perirandomization attrition. CONCLUSIONS: Integrating therapeutic approaches that promote use of and adherence to medications for quitting smoking and that target stress management and reducing negative affect may enhance smoking cessation among low-income smokers. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Bock,B.C., Papandonatos,G.D., de Dios,M.A., Abrams,D.B., Azam,M.M., Fagan,M., Sweeney,P.J., Stein,M.D., Niaura,R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20131030 PMCID PMC3954421 Editors

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