WTS database

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Examining differences in drinking patterns among Jewish and Arab university students in Israel	2015	a School of Public Health , University of Haifa , Haifa , Israel.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Ethnicity & health Periodical, Abbrev. Ethn.Health Pub Date Free Form Volume 20 Issue 6 Start Page 594 Other Pages 610 Notes JID: 9608374; OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/09/26 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1465-3419; 1355-7858 Accession Number PMID: 25257830 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1080/13557858.2014.961411 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25257830 Abstract OBJECTIVES: Worldwide there is a dearth of studies examining drinking patterns in Arabs and how these compare to other populations. The few studies that exist have suggested distinct drinking patterns in Arabs, with not only high rates of abstinence but also high rates of heavy drinking among current drinkers. No studies have yet examined potential socio-cognitive mechanisms that may contribute to this distinct drinking pattern. Israel represents a unique and valuable resource for studying Arab population drinking patterns because Israeli Arabs are nonimmigrants living in areas where exposure to Western lifestyles, including alcohol consumption, is prevalent. The current study was set out to examine differences in alcohol consumption in a convenience sample of 1310 Jewish and Arab students from Israeli universities and colleges and to explore alcohol expectancies as potential mediators of ethno-religious differences. DESIGN: Logistic regressions were used to produce odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals to test differences between Jewish and Arab students on binary outcomes (lifetime, last month, and heavy drinking). Mediation of ethno-religious differences by alcohol expectancies was tested with bootstrapping procedures. RESULTS: Results show that while Israeli Arab students tend to be more likely to abstain from alcohol than Israeli Jewish students, among current drinkers, Israeli Arab students are at a particular high risk of heavy drinking. Results also show that this is partly mediated by the expectancy that alcohol only influences the drinker at high levels of intake. CONCLUSION: The current study confirms distinct Arab drinking patterns found in previous studies. The present study is the first demonstration that drinking expectations mediate ethno-religious differences in heavy drinking among Israeli Arabs and Jews. This work contributes to the understanding of ethno-religious group differences in harmful drinking, potentially informing future etiologic research and public health interventions aimed at reducing alcohol-related harm. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Sznitman,S.R., Bord,S., Elias,W., Gesser-Edelsburg,A., Shiftan,Y., Baron-Epel,O. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20140926 PMCID Editors
Evidence that associated soil bacteria may influence root hair infection of actinorhizal plants by Frankia.	1980	Knowlton, S.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Canadian journal of microbiology Periodical, Abbrev. Can.J.Microbiol. Pub Date Free Form / Volume 26 Issue 8 Start Page 971 Other Pages 977 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0008-4166 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Nodulation of actinorhizal plants (Alnus rubra Bong, and others) by isolated Frankia strains occurred either at a low frequency or not at all under axenic conditions. But nodulation was achieved under nonsterile conditions and four strains of bacteria were isolated which promoted nodulation when plants were inoculated with the bacteria plus Frankia. Four strains of Pseudomonas cepacia also promoted nodulation. Root hair deformation occurred when roots of A. rubra were inoculated with these bacterial isolates, or with the bacteria plus Frankia, but rarely or not at all when roots were inoculated with the actinomycete alone. The nonendophytic bacterial strains were not detected within the nodule tissue. It is proposed that the bacterial isolates aid in the infection process at the host root hair surface, by causing root hair deformation; this may allow intimate contact between the Frankia filament and the hair wall. Descriptors Actinomycetales, article, bacterial phenomena and functions, ecology, growth, development and aging, microbiology, physiology, plant, Pseudomonas, Rhizobium Links Book Title Database MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Knowlton,S., Berry,A., Torrey,J. G. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Evidence of sex differences in the relationship between current tobacco use and past-year serious psychological distress: 2005-2008 National Survey on Drug Use and Health	2013	Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, 485 East Gray Street, Louisville, KY 40202, USA. ncpeip01@louisville.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology Periodical, Abbrev. Soc.Psychiatry Psychiatr.Epidemiol. Pub Date Free Form Aug Volume 48 Issue 8 Start Page 1261 Other Pages 1271 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 8804358; 2011/09/19 [received]; 2012/12/11 [accepted]; 2012/12/28 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Germany ISSN/ISBN 1433-9285; 0933-7954 Accession Number PMID: 23272325 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; IM DOI 10.1007/s00127-012-0644-0 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23272325 Abstract PURPOSE: Cigarette use is highly prevalent in psychiatric populations. Studies suggest that smokeless tobacco use is not significantly associated with past-year psychiatric morbidity, with evidence that tobacco use differ among sexes. The relationships between current tobacco use and past-year serious psychological distress, major depressive episode and anxiety disorder were therefore examined. Sex differences in the aforementioned relationship were also examined. METHODS: A total of 133,221 adults from four successive independent samples of the 2005-2008 National Survey on Drug Use and Health were included. Prevalence odds ratios and 95 % confidence intervals were calculated using multivariable logistic regression adjusting for demographic factors, survey year, pregnancy (women only), past-year medical morbidity, past-year psychiatric comorbidity, and past-year substance use disorders. RESULTS: No associations were demonstrated among smokeless tobacco users. Statistically significant sex differences were found for current tobacco use and serious psychological distress (p Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Peiper,N., Rodu,B. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20121228 PMCID Editors
Evidence of emerging hookah use among university students: a cross-sectional comparison between hookah and cigarette use	2013	Department of Behavioral Science and Community Health, University of Florida, 1225 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA. tebarnett@phhp.ufl.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full BMC public health Periodical, Abbrev. BMC Public Health Pub Date Free Form 5-Apr Volume 13 Issue Start Page 302 Other Pages 2458-13-302 Notes LR: 20150427; JID: 100968562; OID: NLM: PMC3626777; 2012/10/01 [received]; 2013/04/02 [accepted]; 2013/04/05 [aheadofprint]; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1471-2458; 1471-2458 Accession Number PMID: 23560649 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1186/1471-2458-13-302 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23560649 Abstract BACKGROUND: The emergence of hookah is being noted on college campuses and in large U.S. cities and evidence points to an increasing trend for college students. The purpose of this study was to assess hookah use and identify associations with cigarette smoking and demographic factors. METHODS: An intercept sampling method was used at various locations on a large university campus in the southeastern United States, yielding a high participation rate (52%). A total of 1,203 participants completed a computer-aided survey that assessed the use of tobacco products. The sample characteristics were then weighted to match the University population of students enrolled during the same semester. Bivariate (chi-square and t-test) and multivariate (logistic regression) tests of association were conducted to assess differences between cigarette and hookah users. RESULTS: Hookah smoking exceeded cigarette smoking for both ever use (46.4% vs 42.1%) and past year use (28.4% vs 19.6%). Females and males used hookah at similar rates. Hispanic respondents had the highest prevalence of current use of hookah (18.9%) and cigarettes (16.4%). CONCLUSIONS: As hookah surpasses cigarette use, efforts need to be made to slow the increase in new tobacco products that are attractive to young adults and that pose many of the same health risks as those related to traditional tobacco products. Prevalence of all emerging tobacco products, including hookah, and the relationship with cigarette use needs to be monitored on an ongoing basis. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Barnett,T.E., Smith,T., He,Y., Soule,E.K., Curbow,B.A., Tomar,S.L., McCarty,C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20130405 PMCID PMC3626777 Editors
Ever Use of Nicotine and Nonnicotine Electronic Cigarettes Among High School Students in Ontario, Canada	2015	Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; hayley.hamilton@camh.ca.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Dalla Lana S	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Oct Volume 17 Issue 10 Start Page 1212 Other Pages 1218 Notes CI: (c) The Author 2014; JID: 9815751; 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); 2014/04/01 [received]; 2014/10/22 [accepted]; 2014/10/30 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-994X; 1462-2203 Accession Number PMID: 25358662 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1093/ntr/ntu234 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25358662 Abstract INTRODUCTION: There are limited data on the use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) among youth, particularly with regard to the use of nicotine versus nonnicotine products. This study investigates ever use of nicotine and nonnicotine e-cigarettes and examines the demographic and behavioral correlates of e-cigarette use in Ontario, Canada. METHODS: Data for 2,892 high school students were derived from the 2013 Ontario Student Drug Use and Health Survey. This province-wide school-based survey is based on a 2-stage cluster design. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to investigate the factors associated with ever use of e-cigarettes. Ever use of e-cigarettes was derived from the question, "Have you ever smoked at least one puff from an electronic cigarette?" All analyses included appropriate adjustments for the complex study design. RESULTS: Fifteen percent of high school students reported using e-cigarettes in their lifetime. Most students who ever used e-cigarettes reported using e-cigarettes without nicotine (72%), but 28% had used e-cigarettes with nicotine. Male, White/Caucasian, and rural students, as well as those with a history of using tobacco cigarettes, were at greater odds of e-cigarette use. Seven percent of students who had never smoked a tobacco cigarette in their lifetime reported using an e-cigarette. Five percent of those who had ever used an e-cigarette had never smoked a tobacco cigarette. CONCLUSION: More students reported ever using e-cigarettes without nicotine than with nicotine in Ontario, Canada. This underscores the need for greater knowledge of the contents of both nicotine and nonnicotine e-cigarettes to better guide public health policies. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher . Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Data Source Authors Hamilton,H.A., Ferrence,R., Boak,A., Schwartz,R., Mann,R.E., O'Connor,S., Adlaf,E.M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20141030 PMCID Editors
Evaluation of volatiles from two subtropical strawberry cultivars using GC-olfactometry, GC-MS odor activity values, and sensory analysis	2011	Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Road, Lake Alfred, Florida 33850, United States.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry Periodical, Abbrev. J.Agric.Food Chem. Pub Date Free Form 14-Dec Volume 59 Issue 23 Start Page 12569 Other Pages 12577 Notes JID: 0374755; 0 (Volatile Organic Compounds); 2011/11/09 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1520-5118; 0021-8561 Accession Number PMID: 22026593 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1021/jf2030924 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22026593 Abstract Most strawberry flavor studies have examined berries grown in temperate regions with long summer days. Few studies have examined berries harvested in winter months from subtropical regions with shorter photoperiods. Fruits harvested in February and March from two strawberry cultivars, 'Strawberry Festival' and 'Florida Radiance', were examined. Thirty odor active compounds were detected using time-intensity GC-O. Twenty-nine were identified. The major odor active volatiles in both cultivars were 2,5-dimethyl-4-methoxy-3(2H)-furanone (DMMF), 2,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-3(2H)-furanone (DMHF), methyl butanoate, gamma-decalactone, unknown (grassy, LRI 1362, wax), (E)-2-hexenal, linalool, (E,Z)-2,6-nonadienal, geraniol, butanoic acid, methyl 2-methylbutanoate, and ethyl hexanoate. Over 90 volatiles were identified and 54 quantified using GC-MS including 33 esters, 6 alcohols, 5 acids, 3 aldehydes, 3 lactones, 2 ketones, and 2 furanones. Odor activity values (OAVs) were determined for 46 volatiles, of which 22 had OAV > 1. The highest OAVs for 'Strawberry Festival' were ethyl butanoate (461), DMHF (424), methyl butanoate (358), and linalool (102). A 14-member trained panel evaluated quartered fruit using quantitative descriptive analysis to quantify seven sensory attributes. Sensory "strawberry flavor" scores were positively correlated with sensory "sweetness" (R(2) = 0.83) as well as GC-MS methyl 3-methylbutanoate (R(2) = 0.90) and ethyl butanoate (R(2) = 0.96). These cultivars lacked methyl anthranilate and possessed an aroma pattern different from summer-grown strawberries. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Du,X., Plotto,A., Baldwin,E., Rouseff,R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20111109 PMCID Editors
Evaluation of using aluminum sulfate and water-soluble Moringa oleifera seed lectin to reduce turbidity and toxicity of polluted stream water	2016	Departamento de Bioquimica, Centro de Biociencias, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-420, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Nucleo de Pesquisas em Ciencias Ambientais e Biotecnologia, Universidade Catolica de Pernambuco, 50050-590, Recife, Pernambuco, B	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Chemosphere Periodical, Abbrev. Chemosphere Pub Date Free Form 12-Aug Volume 163 Issue Start Page 133 Other Pages 141 Notes LR: 20160815; CI: Copyright (c) 2016; JID: 0320657; OTO: NOTNLM; 2016/06/07 [received]; 2016/08/01 [revised]; 2016/08/02 [accepted]; aheadofprint Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1879-1298; 0045-6535 Accession Number PMID: 27526060 Language ENG SubFile JOURNAL ARTICLE DOI S0045-6535(16)31036-0 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 27526060 Abstract Aluminum salts are used as coagulants in water treatment; however, the exposure to residual aluminum has been associated with human brain lesions. The water-soluble Moringa oleifera lectin (WSMoL), which is extracted with distilled water and isolated by chitin chromatography, has coagulant activity and is able to reduce the concentration of metal ions in aqueous solutions. This study evaluated the potential of using aluminum sulfate and WSMoL to reduce the turbidity and toxicity of water from the Cavouco stream located in Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. The water sample used (called P1) was collected from the stream source, which was found to be strongly polluted based on physicochemical and water quality analyses, as well as ecotoxicity assays with Artemia salina and seeds of Eruca sativa and Lactuca sativa. The assays combining WSMoL and aluminum sulfate were more efficient than those that used these agents separately. Furthermore, the greatest reduction in turbidity (96.8%) was obtained with the treatment using aluminum sulfate followed by WSMoL, compared to when they were applied simultaneously (91.3%). In addition, aluminum sulfate followed by WSMoL treatment resulted in residual aluminum concentration (0.3 mg/L) that was much lower than that recorded after the treatment using only the salt (35.5 mg/L). The ecotoxicity of P1 was also strongly reduced after the treatments. In summary, the combined use of aluminum sulfate and WSMoL was efficient in promoting a strong reduction of turbidity and ecotoxicity of a polluted water sample, without resulting in a high residual aluminum concentration at the conclusion of the treatment. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier Ltd Data Source Authors Freitas,J.H., de Santana,K.V., do Nascimento,A.C., de Paiva,S.C., de Moura,M.C., Coelho,L.C., de Oliveira,M.B., Paiva,P.M., do Nascimento,A.E., Napoleao,T.H. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20160812 PMCID Editors
Evaluation of ultraviolet light for disinfection of hospital water contaminated with Legionella	1988	Department of Internal Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Lancet Periodical, Abbrev. Lancet Pub Date Free Form 1988/ Volume 2 Issue 8612 Start Page 669 Other Pages 672 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0140-6736 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract An epidemic of nosocomial Legionella micdadei pneumonia occurred among renal transplant patients in the University of Virginia hospital between 1978 and 1982. Although no further cases were diagnosed after 1982, filters and ultraviolet light (UVL) fittings were installed in 1985 as an attempt to disinfect water piped to rooms of transplant patients, because of concern about persistence of L micdadei in hospital water. Water samples were obtained from eight UVL-treated rooms and eight control rooms. 26 of 95 control samples were culture positive for L micdadei compared with 0 of 71 samples of filtered, UVL-treated water (p < 0.0001, Fisher's exact test). After the UVL fitting and filter had been bypassed because of a leak, 9 of 33 samples from the UVL rooms were positive (p < 0.0001). These data suggest that UVL treatment may be useful in continuous disinfection of water in the hospital rooms of high-risk patients. Descriptors drinking water, human, kidney transplantation, Legionella pneumophila, nonhuman, pneumonia, prevention, priority journal, ultraviolet radiation Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Farr,B. M., Tartaglino,J. C., Gratz,J. C., Getchell-White,S. I., Groschell,D. H. M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Evaluation of the use of Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) data for developing evidence-based tobacco control policies in Turkey	2008	World Health Organization Country Office, Birlik Mahallesi 2, Cadde No: 11, Cankaya, Ankara, Turkey. ergudert@euro.who.int	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full BMC public health Periodical, Abbrev. BMC Public Health Pub Date Free Form 15-Dec Volume 8 Suppl 1 Issue Start Page S4 Other Pages 2458-8-S1-S4 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 100968562; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); OID: NLM: PMC2604868; 2008/12/15 [aheadofprint]; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1471-2458; 1471-2458 Accession Number PMID: 19091047 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; IM DOI 10.1186/1471-2458-8-S1-S4 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19091047 Abstract INTRODUCTION: The tobacco control effort in Turkey has made significant progress in recent years. Turkey initiated its tobacco control effort with the passing of Law 4207 (The Prevention of Harmful Effects of Tobacco Products) in 1996 and ratified the World Health Organization (WHO) Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) in 2004. It is important to base policy decisions on valid and reliable evidence from population-based, representative studies that are periodically repeated to enable policy makers to monitor the results of their interventions and to appropriately tailor anti-tobacco activities towards future needs. METHODS: The Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) was developed to track tobacco use among young people and enhance the capacity of countries to design, implement, and evaluate tobacco control and prevention programs. Turkey conducted the GYTS in 2003 and data from this survey can be used as baseline measures for evaluation of the tobacco control programs implemented by the Ministry of Health (MOH) of the Turkish government. RESULTS: The GYTS was conducted in 2003 on a representative sample of students aged 13 to 15 years. It indicated that almost 3 in 10 students in Turkey had ever smoked cigarettes, with significantly higher rates among boys. Current cigarette smoking rates were lower, at 9% for boys and 4% for girls. The prevalence of current use of other tobacco products was about half these figures for each gender. About 80% were exposed to secondhand smoke. Exposure to pro-smoking media messages was not rare. Almost half of the smokers 'usually' bought their tobacco from a store, despite the law prohibiting this. Exposure to teaching against smoking in schools was not universal. CONCLUSION: Findings from the GYTS, with periodic repeats of the survey, can be used to monitor the impact of enforcing various provisions of the present law (No: 4207), the progress made in achieving the goals of the WHO FCTC, and the effectiveness of various preventive interventions against smoking. Such data would inform and help in the development of public health strategy. Descriptors Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior/psychology, Female, Focus Groups, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, Male, National Health Programs, Population Surveillance, Public Health Administration, Public Health Informatics, Public Policy, Risk-Taking, School Health Services, Smoking/epidemiology/legislation & jurisprudence/prevention & control, Smoking Cessation, Surveys and Questionnaires, Tobacco Industry, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/statistics & numerical data, Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiology/prevention & control, Turkey/epidemiology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Erguder,T., Cakir,B., Aslan,D., Warren,C. W., Jones,N. R., Asma,S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20081215 PMCID PMC2604868 Editors
Evaluation of the Tobacco Heating System 2.2. Part 3: Influence of the tobacco blend on the formation of harmful and potentially harmful constituents of the Tobacco Heating System 2.2 aerosol	2016		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology Periodical, Abbrev. Pub Date Free Form Volume Issue Start Page Other Pages Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier Data Source google Authors Schaller, Jean-Pierre, Pijnenburg, Johannes PM, Ajithkumar, Anu, Tricker, Anthony R Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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