WTS database

Title	Pub Year	Author Sort descending	SearchLink
Effect of glycemic control on self-perceived oral health, periodontal parameters, and alveolar bone loss among patients with prediabetes	2014	Eng. A.B. Research Chair for Growth Factors and Bone Regeneration, Three-Dimensional Imaging and Biomechanical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of periodontology Periodical, Abbrev. J.Periodontol. Pub Date Free Form Feb Volume 85 Issue 2 Start Page 234 Other Pages 241 Notes JID: 8000345; 0 (Blood Glucose); 0 (Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated); 2013/05/09 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1943-3670; 0022-3492 Accession Number PMID: 23659422 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; D; IM DOI 10.1902/jop.2013.130008 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23659422 Abstract BACKGROUND: The effect of glycemic control on severity of periodontal inflammatory parameters in patients with prediabetes is unknown. The aim of the present study is to assess the effects of glycemic control on self-perceived oral health, periodontal parameters, and marginal bone loss (MBL) in patients with prediabetes. METHODS: A total of 303 individuals were included. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and fasting blood glucose levels (FBGLs) were recorded. Participants were divided into three groups: 1) group A: 75 patients with prediabetes (FBGLs = 100 to 125 mg/dL [HbA1c >/=5%]); 2) group B: 78 individuals previously considered prediabetic but having FBGLs Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Javed,F., Thafeed Alghamdi,A.S., Mikami,T., Mehmood,A., Ahmed,H.B., Samaranayake,L.P., Tenenbaum,H.C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20130509 PMCID Editors
Role of some environmental factors on the breeding activity of Anopheles arabiensis in New Halfa town, eastern Sudan	2008	Entomology Unit, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Kassala, New Halfa, Sudan. yosifhimeidan@hotmail.com	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Eastern Mediterranean health journal = La revue de sante de la Mediterranee orientale = al-Majallah al-sihhiyah li-sharq al-mutawassit Periodical, Abbrev. East.Mediterr.Health J. Pub Date Free Form Mar-Apr Volume 14 Issue 2 Start Page 252 Other Pages 259 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 9608387; 059QF0KO0R (Water); EIN: East Mediterr Health J. 2008 Sep-Oct;14(5):1224. Rayah, E El-A [corrected to El Rayah, A E]; ppublish Place of Publication Egypt ISSN/ISBN 1020-3397; 1020-3397 Accession Number PMID: 18561715 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18561715 Abstract Anopheles arabiensis breeding was studied during March 1999-June 2000 in New Halfa town. Of 3642 anopheline larvae collected, 3633 (99.75%) were A. arabiensis: 82.49%, 11.56%, 3.08% and 2.88% of the larvae were collected from shallow sunlit pools resulting from pipes leakages, rain pools, irrigation canals and man-made pools respectively. The overall mean density was 24.34 larvae/10 dips: 40.73 during the rainy season, 30.45 during irrigation and 13.10 in the dry season. Water for crop cultivation increased the relative humidity (P = 0.013) and both factors enhanced A. arabiensis breeding (P < 0.005). There was no significant difference between the rainy and irrigation seasons. A. arabiensis breeding in this area has become perennial as a result of crop irrigation. Descriptors Agriculture, Analysis of Variance, Animals, Anopheles/parasitology/physiology, Climate, Ecology, Ecosystem, Humans, Humidity, Insect Vectors/parasitology/physiology, Larva/physiology, Malaria, Falciparum/epidemiology/prevention & control/transmission, Mosquito Control, Population Density, Rain, Reproduction/physiology, Seasons, Sudan/epidemiology, Urban Health/statistics & numerical data, Water/parasitology, Water Supply Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Himeidan,Y. E., El Rayah,A. E. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Aniline-silica nanocomposite as a novel solid phase microextraction fiber coating	2012	Environmental and Bio-Analytical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11365-9516, Tehran, Iran. bagheri@sharif.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of chromatography.A Periodical, Abbrev. J.Chromatogr.A Pub Date Free Form 18-May Volume 1238 Issue Start Page 22 Other Pages 29 Notes LR: 20121115; CI: Copyright (c) 2012; JID: 9318488; 0 (Aniline Compounds); 0 (Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic); 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical); 7631-86-9 (Silicon Dioxide); SIR7XX2F1K (aniline); 2011/12/19 [received]; 2012/03/05 [revised]; 2012/03/07 [a Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 1873-3778; 0021-9673 Accession Number PMID: 22498354 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.03.027 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22498354 Abstract A new unbreakable solid phase microextraction (SPME) fiber coating based on aniline-silica nanocomposite was electrodeposited on a stainless steel wire. The electropolymerization process was carried out at a constant deposition potential, applied to the corresponding aqueous electrolyte containing aniline and silica nanoparticles. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed the non-smooth and the porous surface structure of the prepared nanocomposite. The applicability of the new fiber coating was examined by headspace-solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) of some environmentally important polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), as model compounds, from aqueous samples. Subsequently, the extracted analytes were transferred into a gas chromatography (GC) by thermal desorption. Parameters affecting the synthesizing and extraction processes including the voltage of power supply, the weight ratio of components, the time of electrodeposition, extraction time and temperature, the ionic strength, and desorption temperature and time were optimized. Eventually, the developed method was validated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). At the optimum conditions, the relative standard deviation (%RSD) values for a double distilled water spiked with the selected PAHs at 40 ng L(-1) were 6-13% (n=3) while the limit of detection (LOD) results were between 1 and 3 ng L(-1). The calibration graphs were linear in the concentration range from 20 to 4000 ng L(-1) (R(2)>0.995). Finally the developed method was applied to the analysis of Kalan dam, rain and tap water samples and the relative recovery values were found to be in the range of 76-109%, under optimized conditions. In addition, the synthesis of the nanocomposite coating was carried out conveniently while it is rather inexpensive, easy, simple, rapid and highly durable and can be used frequently. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier B.V Data Source Authors Bagheri,H., Roostaie,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20120315 PMCID Editors
Novel unbreakable solid-phase microextraction fiber by electrodeposition of silica sol-gel on gold	2011	Environmental and Bio-Analytical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran. bagheri@sharif.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of separation science Periodical, Abbrev. J.Sep.Sci. Pub Date Free Form Nov Volume 34 Issue 22 Start Page 3246 Other Pages 3252 Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2011; JID: 101088554; 0 (Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic); 0 (Polymers); 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical); 60650-90-0 (Silica Gel); 7440-57-5 (Gold); 2011/04/22 [received]; 2011/08/13 [revised]; 2011/08/15 [accepted]; 2011/10/26 [aheadof Place of Publication Germany ISSN/ISBN 1615-9314; 1615-9306 Accession Number PMID: 22028302 Language eng SubFile Evaluation Studies; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1002/jssc.201100367 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22028302 Abstract A new technique for preparation of an unbreakable solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fiber, using sol-gel technology is developed. Primarily, an ultrathin two-dimensional intermediate film was prepared by hydrolysis of 3-(trimethoxysilyl)-1-propanthiol self-assembled monolayer grafted onto gold, then a stationary phase by electrodeposition of 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propylmethacrylate as a precursor, tetramethyl orthosilicate and polyethylene glycol as a coating polymer was produced. The scanning electron microscopy images revealed that the new fiber exhibits a rather porous and homogenous surface. The thermal stability of the fabricated fiber was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis. The applicability of the prepared fiber coating in conjunction with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was examined by SPME of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, as model analytes, from aquatic media. An extraction time of 20 min at 50 degrees C gave maximum peak areas when NaCl, 15% was added to the aqueous samples. Limits of detection were in the range of 0.01-0.02 ng/mL and relative standard deviation values were in the range of 4-16% at 1 ng/mL. The developed method was successfully applied for the analysis of real water samples while the relative recovery percentage was in the range of 102-118%. Descriptors Adsorption, Gold/chemistry, Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic/analysis/isolation & purification, Polymers/chemistry, Porosity, Silica Gel/chemistry, Solid Phase Microextraction/instrumentation/methods, Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis/isolation & purification Links Book Title Database Publisher WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim Data Source Authors Bagheri,H., Sistani,H., Ayazi,Z. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20111026 PMCID Editors
Italy and Austria before and after study: second-hand smoke exposure in hospitality premises before and after 2 years from the introduction of the Italian smoking ban	2008	Environmental and Occupational Epidemiology Unit, Center for Study and Prevention of Cancer (CSPO), Florence, Italy. g.gorini@cspo.it	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Indoor air Periodical, Abbrev. Indoor Air Pub Date Free Form Aug Volume 18 Issue 4 Start Page 328 Other Pages 334 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 9423515; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); 2008/04/21 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Denmark ISSN/ISBN 1600-0668; 0905-6947 Accession Number PMID: 18429994 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0668.2008.00534.x [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18429994 Abstract The aim of this paper was to compare nicotine concentration in 28 hospitality premises (HPs) in Florence and Belluno, Italy, where a smoking ban was introduced in 2005, and in 19 HPs in Vienna, Austria, where no anti-smoking law entered into force up to now. Airborne nicotine concentrations were measured in the same HPs in winter 2002 or 2004 (pre-ban measurements) and winter 2007 (post-ban measurements). In Florence and Belluno, medians decreased significantly (P < 0.001) from 8.86 [interquartile range (IQR): 2.41-45.07)] before the ban to 0.01 microg/m3 (IQR: 0.01-0.41) afterwards. In Austria (no smoking ban) the medians collected in winters 2004 and 2007 were, respectively, 11.00 (IQR: 2.53-30.38) and 15.76 microg/m3 (IQR: 2.22-31.93), with no significant differences. Measurements collected in winter 2007 in 28 HPs located in Naples, Turin, Milan (0.01 microg/m3; IQR: 0.01-0.16) confirmed post-ban results in Florence and Belluno. The medians of nicotine concentrations in Italy and Austria before the Italian ban translates, using the risk model of Repace and Lowery, into a lifetime excess lung cancer mortality risk for hospitality workers of 11.81 and 14.67 per 10,000, respectively. Lifetime excess lung cancer mortality risks for bar and disco-pub workers were 10-20 times higher than that calculated for restaurant workers, both in Italy and Austria. In winter 2007, it dropped to 0.01 per 10,000 in Italy, whereas in Austria it remained at the same levels. The drop of second-hand smoke exposure indicates a substantial improvement in air quality in Italian HPs even after 2 years from the ban. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: The nation-wide smoking ban introduced in Italy on January 10, 2005, resulted in a drop in second-hand smoke exposure in hospitality premises, whereas in Austria, where there is no similar nation-wide smoking ban, the exposure to second-hand smoke in hospitality premises remains high. Given that second-hand smoke is considered a group 1 carcinogen according to the International Agency for Research on Cancer classification, the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control strongly recommends the implementation of nation-wide smoke-free policies in order to improve the indoor air quality of hospitality premises and workplaces. Results from our study strongly supports this recommendation. Descriptors Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis, Austria, Humans, Italy, Nicotine/analysis, Restaurants, Smoking/legislation & jurisprudence, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/analysis Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Gorini,G., Moshammer,H., Sbrogio,L., Gasparrini,A., Nebot,M., Neuberger,M., Tamang,E., Lopez,M. J., Galeone,D., Serrahima,E., Italy & Austria Before and After Study Working Group Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20080421 PMCID Editors
Determination of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes in urban air of Thessaloniki, Greece	2006	Environmental Department, Municipality of Thessaloniki, Paparigopoulou 7, Thessaloniki 54630, Greece. kelesis@envdimosthes.gr	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Environmental toxicology Periodical, Abbrev. Environ.Toxicol. Pub Date Free Form Aug Volume 21 Issue 4 Start Page 440 Other Pages 443 Notes LR: 20131121; CI: Copyright 2006; JID: 100885357; 0 (Air Pollutants); 0 (Benzene Derivatives); 0 (Vehicle Emissions); 0 (Xylenes); 3FPU23BG52 (Toluene); J64922108F (Benzene); L5I45M5G0O (ethylbenzene); ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1520-4081; 1520-4081 Accession Number PMID: 16841317 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1002/tox.20197 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 16841317 Abstract In this study, quasicontinuous measurements of major aromatic volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which include benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes were carried out by means of an automatic gas chromatograph (GC-PID analyzer), in the urban air of Thessaloniki, at a mean level of 27 m above ground, during the years 2003 and 2004. The highest measured concentrations of aromatic hydrocarbons were observed during the winter period of the year. The data indicate that the annual mean benzene concentration levels were around 1 ppb, less than the E.U. annual limit value of 5.0 microg m(-3) (1.44 ppb at STP). The diurnal variation of aromatic hydrocarbons suggests that emissions from motor vehicles are their dominant source, at the commercial center of the city, while meteorological conditions (wind speed and direction) are important variables that control the atmospheric abundance of these pollutants, especially during stagnant weather conditions that favor the development of land-sea breeze circulations. Descriptors Air Pollutants/analysis, Benzene/analysis, Benzene Derivatives/analysis, Chromatography, Gas, Cities, Environmental Monitoring, Greece, Toluene/analysis, Urban Health, Vehicle Emissions/analysis, Wind, Xylenes/analysis Links Book Title Database Publisher Wiley Periodicals, Inc Data Source Authors Kelessis,A. G., Petrakakis,M. J., Zoumakis,N. M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Indoor air pollution levels in public buildings in Thailand and exposure assessment	2009	Environmental Engineering and Technology, School of Environment Resources and Development, Asian Institute of Technology, Phatumthani 12120, Thailand.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Environmental monitoring and assessment Periodical, Abbrev. Environ.Monit.Assess. Pub Date Free Form Sep Volume 156 Issue 4-Jan Start Page 581 Other Pages 594 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 8508350; 0 (Benzene Derivatives); 0 (Particulate Matter); 0 (Xylenes); 0UZA3422Q4 (Sulfur Dioxide); 142M471B3J (Carbon Dioxide); 3FPU23BG52 (Toluene); 7U1EE4V452 (Carbon Monoxide); J64922108F (Benzene); L5I45M5G0O (ethylbenzene); 2008/0 Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 1573-2959; 0167-6369 Accession Number PMID: 18712485 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1007/s10661-008-0507-z [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18712485 Abstract Levels of pollutants including PM2.5 and PM2.5 composition (black carbon and water soluble ions), SO(2), NO(2), CO, CO(2), and BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene) were monitored for indoor and outdoor air at a university campus and a shopping center, both located in the Northern suburb of Bangkok. Sampling was done during December 2005-February 2006 on both weekdays and weekends. At the university, indoor monitoring was done in two different air conditioned classrooms which shows the I/O ratios for all pollutants to be below 0.5-0.8 during the weekends. However, on weekdays the ratios for CO(2) and most detected BTEX were above 1.0. The concept of classroom occupancy was defined using a function of the student number in a lecture hour and the number of lecture hours per day. Classroom 2, which had a higher occupancy than classroom 1, was characterized by higher concentrations of most pollutants. PM2.5 was an exception and was higher in classroom 1 (37 microg/m(3), weekdays) as compared to classroom 2 (26 microg/m(3), weekdays) which was likely linked to the dust resuspension from the carpeted floor in the former. Monitoring was also done in the shopping mall at three different sites. Indoor pollutants levels and the I/O ratios at the shopping mall were higher than at the university. Levels of all pollutants measured at the car park, except for toluene and CO(2), were the highest. I/O ratios of the pollutants at the mall were above 1.0, which indicates the relatively higher influence of the indoor sources. However, the black carbon content in PM2.5 outdoor is higher than indoor, which suggest the important contribution from outdoor combustion sources such as the traffic. Major sources of outdoor air pollution in the areas were briefly discussed. Exposure modeling was applied using the time activity and measured pollutant concentrations to assess the exposure of different groups of people in the study areas. High exposure to PM2.5, especially for the people working in the mall, should be of health effect concern. Descriptors Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis, Benzene/analysis, Benzene Derivatives/analysis, Carbon Dioxide/analysis, Carbon Monoxide/analysis, Environmental Exposure/analysis, Humans, Particulate Matter/analysis, Public Facilities, Sulfur Dioxide/analysis, Thailand, Toluene/analysis, Xylenes/analysis Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Klinmalee,A., Srimongkol,K., Kim Oanh,N. T. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20080819 PMCID Editors
Magnetic solid-phase extraction based on magnetic multi-walled carbon nanotubes for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in grilled meat samples	2013	Environmental Health Department, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Talanta Periodical, Abbrev. Talanta Pub Date Free Form 15-Oct Volume 115 Issue Start Page 957 Other Pages 965 Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2013; JID: 2984816R; 0 (Magnetite Nanoparticles); 0 (Nanotubes, Carbon); 0 (Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic); 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical); OTO: NOTNLM; 2013/05/04 [received]; 2013/07/02 [revised]; 2013/07/04 [accepted]; 2013/07/09 [ Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 1873-3573; 0039-9140 Accession Number PMID: 24054688 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.07.005 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24054688 Abstract A sensitive and reliable method for determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in grilled meat samples was developed and validated. The method is based on magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) and GC-MS analysis. Magnetic carbon nanotubes (MCNTs) which have excellent adsorption capabilities, were used as adsorbent to extract PAHs, an important class of carcinogens, from meat samples. To obtain the best extraction yields, the influencing factors, including primary extraction conditions, the amount of adsorbent, adsorption and desorption time, salt addition and desorption solvent were investigated in detail. Under optimized conditions, the LODs and LOQs achieved were in the range of 0.035-0.100 and 0.075-0.200 microg Kg(-1) respectively. The calibration curves were linear (r(2) >/= 0.988) over the concentration ranges from 0.100 microg Kg(-1) to 250 microg Kg(-1) The relative standard deviations (RSDs) obtained by carrying out intra- and inter-day precision studies were less than 13.7% and 13.9%, respectively which confirms reproducibility of the method. In addition, the recoveries of analyzed PAHs ranged from 81.3% to 96.7% with the RSDs less than 12.7 %. Finally, the established MSPE-GC-MS method was successfully applied to determine PAHs in charcoal grilled/barbecued meat samples. benzo[a]anthracene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, Benzo[a]pyrene and chrysene were detected in beef, lamb and chicken meat samples with the mean cumulative concentration of 4.000, 3.414 and 0.931 microg Kg(-1) respectively. Taken together, the MSPE-GC-MS method developed in current study provides a new option for the determination of PAHs in grilled/barbecued meat samples. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier B.V Data Source Authors Moazzen,M., Ahmadkhaniha,R., Gorji,M.E., Yunesian,M., Rastkari,N. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20130709 PMCID Editors
Sustainability of a water, sanitation and hygiene education project in rural Bangladesh: a 5-year follow-up	1996	Environmental Health Programme, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), Dhaka, Bangladesh.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Bulletin of the World Health Organization Periodical, Abbrev. Bull.World Health Organ. Pub Date Free Form Volume 74 Issue 4 Start Page 431 Other Pages 437 Notes LR: 20130919; JID: 7507052; OID: NLM: PMC2486877; OID: PIP: 127290; OID: POP: 00268484; OTO: PIP; GN: PIP: TJ: BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION.; ppublish Place of Publication SWITZERLAND ISSN/ISBN 0042-9686; 0042-9686 Accession Number PMID: 8823966 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM; J DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 8823966 Abstract An integrated water supply, sanitation and hygiene (WSH) education intervention project was run by the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, over the period 1983-87. In the intervention area the project provided handpumps, pit latrines, and hygiene education to about 800 households. The control population did not receive any interventions, but had access to the usual government and private WSH facilities. After 1987 no external support was provided to maintain these provisions. A cross-sectional follow-up survey, which was carried out in 1992, involved about 500 randomly selected households from the intervention and control areas. In 1992 about 82% of the pumps were still in good functional condition and of these, 94% had been functioning well in 1987. Fewer latrines were functional in 1992 (64%) than at the end of 1987 (93%). In the former intervention area about 84% of the adults were using sanitary latrines in 1992 compared with only 7% in the control area. Knowledge related to disease transmission, however, was poor and similar in both areas. People claimed that they used the WSH facilities to improve the quality of their lives. The prevalence of diarrhoeal diseases in the 1992 survey among the control population was about twice that among those in the intervention area.; PIP: This study presents the findings of a 1992 follow-up survey to determine the behavioral and health benefits of the Mirzapur Handpump Project during 1984-92. The project was part of an integrated water supply, sanitation, and hygiene (WSH) education intervention project run by the International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research in Bangladesh. The project was implemented during 1984-87 in five villages in Mirzapur subdistrict among 880 households with 148 improved handpumps, one twin pit latrine for almost every household, and extensive hygiene education. The control area included 750 households with about 42 handpumps. Local women participated in selecting installation sites, maintaining tubewells and latrines, and collecting data. The last program repairs were made in 1987. Findings from the 1992 survey reveal that the percentage of working pumps declined from 100% to 82% during 1987-92. 75% of respondents believed that maintenance was shared by users. The remaining 25% in the intervention area and all in the control area claimed that repair was taken care of by the owners. 84% used tubewell water because of the improved quality. Use of sanitary latrines was the same over time. Use was 83% in the intervention area and only 8% in the control area. There was a decline in the percentage of proper functioning latrines from 98% in 1987 to 64% in 1993. Hygiene practices remained poor in 1993, but still higher than in the control area. Knowledge of the transmission of diarrhea was poor in 1992 and similar in control and intervention areas. Diarrheal morbidity in the previous 24 hours was significantly lower in the intervention area. Findings indicate improvement in health practices but little understanding of WSH practices and improved health. The monitoring measures were useful in determining project sustainability. Descriptors Adolescent, Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diarrhea/prevention & control, Female, Health Education, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, Hygiene/standards, Male, Quality of Life, Sampling Studies, Sanitation/standards, Water Supply/standards, Asia, Bangladesh, Demographic Factors, Developing Countries, Education, Environment, Follow-up Studies, Health, Hygiene, Natural Resources, Organization And Administration, Population, Population Characteristics, Population Education, Program Evaluation, Program Sustainability, Programs, Public Health, Research Methodology, Research Report, Rural Population, Sanitation, Southern Asia, Studies, Surveys, Water Supply Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Hoque,B. A., Juncker,T., Sack,R. B., Ali,M., Aziz,K. M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID PMC2486877 Editors
Daily and peak 1 h indoor air pollution and driving factors in a rural Chinese village	2007	Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, 140 Warren Hall #7360, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-7360, USA. sfischer@berkeley.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Environmental science & technology Periodical, Abbrev. Environ.Sci.Technol. Pub Date Free Form 1-May Volume 41 Issue 9 Start Page 3121 Other Pages 3126 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 0213155; 0 (Particulate Matter); 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 7U1EE4V452 (Carbon Monoxide); ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 0013-936X; 0013-936X Accession Number PMID: 17539514 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 17539514 Abstract We investigate wintertime indoor air quality and personal exposures to carbon monoxide (CO) in a rural village in Jilin province, where relatively homogeneous climatic and sociocultural factors facilitate investigation of household structural, fuel-related, and behavioral determinants of air pollution as well as relationships between different measures of air quality. Our time-resolved wintertime measurements of carbon monoxide and respirable particles (RSP) enable exploration of peak pollution periods in a village in Jilin Province, China, characterized by household use of both coal and biomass, as well as several "improved" (gas or electric) fuels. Our data indicate a 6-fold increase in peak 1 h PM (1.9 mg/m3) concentrations relative to 24 h mean PM (0.31 mg/m3). Peak 1 h CO concentrations (20.5 ppm) routinely approached and often (27%) exceeded the World Health Organization's 1 h guideline of 26 ppm, although the vast majority (95%) of kitchens were within China's residential indoor air quality guideline for CO on a 24 h basis. Choice of heating fuel and household smoking status were significant predictors of indoor air quality. Whether solid or "improved" (gas or electric) fuel was used for cooking had an even stronger effect, but in the opposite direction from expected, on both peak and daily average measures of air pollution. Peak pollution period concentrations of CO and PM were strongly correlated to daily concentrations of CO and RSP, respectively. Our results suggestthat due to the primary role of heating as a determinant of wintertime indoor air quality in northern Chinese villages, health-oriented interventions limited to provision of improved cooking fuel are insufficient. Our results illustrate that peak pollution periods may routinely exceed exposure regulations and evacuation limits, although this and previous studies document typical 24 h CO concentrations in rural Chinese kitchens to be within guidelines. Within a given village and for a given pollutant, daily pollutant concentrations may be strong predictors of peak pollution period concentrations. Descriptors Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis, Carbon Monoxide/analysis, China, Cooking, Environmental Monitoring, Housing, Humans, Particulate Matter/analysis, Rural Population, Tobacco Smoke Pollution Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Fischer,S. L., Koshland,C. P. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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