WTS database

Title	Pub Year	Author Sort ascending	SearchLink
Chlorination and chloramination of bisphenol A, bisphenol F, and bisphenol A diglycidyl ether in drinking water	2015	Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 2010 Malott Hall, 1251 Wescoe Drive, Lawrence, KS, 66045, United States.; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Utah State University, 4110 Old Main Hill, EL 211D, Logan, UT, 84322-4110, United S	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Water research Periodical, Abbrev. Water Res. Pub Date Free Form 1-Aug Volume 79 Issue Start Page 68 Other Pages 78 Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2015; JID: 0105072; 0 (Benzhydryl Compounds); 0 (Chloramines); 0 (Drinking Water); 0 (Endocrine Disruptors); 0 (Epoxy Compounds); 0 (Phenols); 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical); 10599-90-3 (chloramine); F3XRM1NX4H (2,2-bis(4-glycidyloxyphen Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1879-2448; 0043-1354 Accession Number PMID: 25965889 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; IM DOI 10.1016/j.watres.2015.04.014 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25965889 Abstract Bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol F (BPF), and bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) are common components of epoxy coatings used in food packaging and in drinking water distribution systems. Thus, leachates from the epoxy may be exposed to the disinfectants free chlorine (Cl2/HOCl/OCl(-)) and monochloramine (MCA, NH2Cl). Bisphenols are known endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC) with estrogenic activity. Chlorination by-products have the potential to have reduced or enhanced estrogenic qualities, and are, therefore, of interest. In this work, chlorination reactions for bisphenols and BADGE were explored (via LC/MS/MS) and kinetic modeling (using a pseudo-first order approach) was conducted to predict the fate of these compounds in drinking water. The half-lives of BPA and BPF with 1 mg/L of free chlorine ranged from 3 to 35 min over the pH range from 6 to 11 and the temperature range of 10-25 degrees C. Half-lives for reactions of BPA and BPF with a nominal MCA concentration of 3.5 mg/L as Cl2 were from 1 to 10 days and were greater at higher pH and lower temperature. Formation of chlorinated bisphenol A by-products was observed during the kinetic studies. BADGE was found unreactive with either oxidant. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher . Published by Elsevier Ltd Data Source Authors Lane,R.F., Adams,C.D., Randtke,S.J., Carter,R.E.,Jr Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150424 PMCID Editors
Bisphenol diglycidyl ethers and bisphenol A and their hydrolysis in drinking water	2015	Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 2010 Malott Hall, 1251 Wescoe Drive, Lawrence, KS 66045, United States.; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Utah State University, 4110 Old Main Hill, EL 211D, Logan, UT 84322-4110, United Sta	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Water research Periodical, Abbrev. Water Res. Pub Date Free Form 1-Apr Volume 72 Issue Start Page 331 Other Pages 339 Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2015; JID: 0105072; 0 (Benzhydryl Compounds); 0 (Drinking Water); 0 (Epoxy Compounds); 0 (Phenols); 0 (bisphenol F diglycidyl ether); F3XRM1NX4H (2,2-bis(4-glycidyloxyphenyl)propane); MLT3645I99 (bisphenol A); OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/05/23 [re Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1879-2448; 0043-1354 Accession Number PMID: 25448766 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; IM DOI 10.1016/j.watres.2014.09.043 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25448766 Abstract Epoxy coatings are commonly used to protect the interior (and exterior) surfaces of water mains and storage tanks and can be used on the interior surfaces of water pipes in homes, hospitals, hotels, and other buildings. Common major components of epoxies include bisphenols, such as bisphenol A (BPA) or bisphenol F (BPF), and their reactive prepolymers, bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE), respectively. There currently are health concerns about the safety of BPA and BPF due to known estrogenic effects. Determination of key bisphenol leachates, development of a hydrolysis model, and identification of stable hydrolysis products will aid in assessment of human bisphenol exposure through ingestion of drinking water. Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) was used for quantitation of key analytes, and a pseudo-first order kinetic approach was used for modeling. In fill-and-dump studies on epoxy-coated pipe specimens, BADGE and a BPA-like compound were identified as leachates. The BADGE hydrolysis model predicts BADGE half-lives at pH 7 and 15, 25, 35, and 40 degrees C to be 11, 4.6, 2.0, and 1.4 days respectively; the BFDGE half-life was 5 days at pH 7 and 25 degrees C. The two identified BADGE hydrolysis products are BADGE-H2O and BADGE 2H2O, with BADGE 2H2O being the final end product under the conditions studied. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier Ltd Data Source Authors Lane,R.F., Adams,C.D., Randtke,S.J., Carter,R.E.,Jr Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20141016 PMCID Editors
Application of chemometric assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction to the determination of personal care products in natural waters	2009	Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Analytica Chimica Acta Periodical, Abbrev. Anal.Chim.Acta Pub Date Free Form 7-Sep Volume 649 Issue 2 Start Page 135 Other Pages 140 Notes LR: 20121115; JID: 0370534; 0 (Phthalic Acids); 0 (Polycyclic Compounds); 0 (Solvents); 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical); 6O7F7IX66E (phthalic acid); 2009/05/28 [received]; 2009/07/07 [revised]; 2009/07/09 [accepted]; 2009/07/14 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 1873-4324; 0003-2670 Accession Number PMID: 19699389 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1016/j.aca.2009.07.028 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19699389 Abstract A rapid and simple method for the determination of two phthalates and five polycyclic musks in water samples using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) mated to chemometrics and coupled to GC-MS was developed. Volume of extraction (CCl4) and disperser solvent (MeOH), pH, ionic strength, extraction time, centrifugation time as well as centrifugation speed were optimized in a 2(7-4) Plackett-Burman design. The obtained significant factors were optimized by using a central composite design (CCD) and the quadratic model between the dependent and the independent variables was built. The optimum experimental conditions of the proposed method were: 250 microL carbon tetrachloride, 0.62 mL methanol, 7.5 min centrifugation time, natural pH containing 0% (w/v) NaCl, while keeping centrifugation speed fixed at 4000 rpm. The calculated calibration curves gave high-level linearity for all target analytes with correlation coefficients ranging between 0.9970 and 0.9992. The repeatability and reproducibility of the proposed method, expressed as relative standard deviation, varied between 2.6% to 9.7% and 5.7% to 12.2%, respectively. The obtained LOD values were in the range of 8-63 ng L(-1). Descriptors Fresh Water/analysis, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/methods, Humans, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Osmolar Concentration, Phthalic Acids/analysis/isolation & purification, Polycyclic Compounds/analysis/isolation & purification, Solvents/chemistry, Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis/isolation & purification Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Panagiotou,A. N., Sakkas,V. A., Albanis,T. A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20090714 PMCID Editors
Crystal structures of trans-di-chlorido-tetra-kis-[1-(2,6-diiso-propyl-phen-yl)-1H-imidazole-kappaN (3)]iron(II), trans-di-bromido-tetra-kis-[1-(2,6-diiso-propyl-phen-yl)-1H-imidazole-kappaN (3)]iron(II) and trans-di-bromido-tetra-kis-[1-(2,6-diiso-propyl	2014	Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Av. de Perolles, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.; Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Av. de Perolles, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.; Benefri Crystallography Service, University of Neuchatel, A	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Acta crystallographica.Section E, Structure reports online Periodical, Abbrev. Acta Crystallogr.Sect.E.Struct.Rep.Online Pub Date Free Form 19-Jul Volume 70 Issue Pt 8 Start Page 72 Other Pages 76 Notes LR: 20140926; JID: 101089178; OID: NLM: PMC4158527; OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/08/01 [ecollection]; 2014/06/12 [received]; 2014/06/15 [accepted]; 2014/07/19 [epublish]; epublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1600-5368; 1600-5368 Accession Number PMID: 25249858 Language eng SubFile Journal Article DOI 10.1107/S1600536814014056 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25249858 Abstract The title compounds, [FeCl2(C15H20N2)4], (I), [FeBr2(C15H20N2)4], (II), and [FeBr2(C15H20N2)4].2C4H10O, (IIb), respectively, all have triclinic symmetry, with (I) and (II) being isotypic. The Fe(II) atoms in each of the structures are located on an inversion center. They have octa-hedral FeX 2N4 (X = Cl and Br, respectively) coordination spheres with the Fe(II) atom coordinated by two halide ions in a trans arrangement and by the tertiary N atom of four aryl-imidazole ligands [1-(2,6-diiso-propyl-phen-yl)-1H-imidazole] in the equatorial plane. In the two independent ligands, the benzene and imidazole rings are almost normal to one another, with dihedral angles of 88.19 (15) and 79.26 (14) degrees in (I), 87.0 (3) and 79.2 (3) degrees in (II), and 84.71 (11) and 80.58 (13) degrees in (IIb). The imidazole rings of the two independent ligand mol-ecules are inclined to one another by 70.04 (15), 69.3 (3) and 61.55 (12) degrees in (I), (II) and (IIb), respectively, while the benzene rings are inclined to one another by 82.83 (13), 83.0 (2) and 88.16 (12) degrees , respectively. The various dihedral angles involving (IIb) differ slightly from those in (I) and (II), probably due to the close proximity of the diethyl ether solvent mol-ecule. There are a number of C-Hcdots, three dots, centeredhalide hydrogen bonds in each mol-ecule involving the CH groups of the imidazole units. In the structures of compounds (I) and (II), mol-ecules are linked via pairs of C-Hcdots, three dots, centeredhalogen hydrogen bonds, forming chains along the a axis that enclose R 2 (2)(12) ring motifs. The chains are linked by C-Hcdots, three dots, centeredpi inter-actions, forming sheets parallel to (001). In the structure of compound (IIb), mol-ecules are linked via pairs of C-Hcdots, three dots, centeredhalogen hydrogen bonds, forming chains along the b axis, and the diethyl ether solvent mol-ecules are attached to the chains via C-Hcdots, three dots, centeredO hydrogen bonds. The chains are linked by C-Hcdots, three dots, centeredpi inter-actions, forming sheets parallel to (001). In (I) and (II), the methyl groups of an isopropyl group are disordered over two positions [occupancy ratio = 0.727 (13):0.273 (13) and 0.5:0.5, respectively]. In (IIb), one of the ethyl groups of the diethyl ether solvent mol-ecule is disordered over two positions (occupancy ratio = 0.5:0.5). Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Mafua,R., Jenny,T., Labat,G., Neels,A., Stoeckli-Evans,H. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20140719 PMCID PMC4158527 Editors
Crystal structure of (E)-4-hy-droxy-N'-(3-hy-droxy-benzyl-idene)benzohydrazide monohydrate	2014	Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Meston Walk, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, Scotland.; Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Meston Walk, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, Scotland.; Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Meston Walk, Aberdeen	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Acta crystallographica.Section E, Structure reports online Periodical, Abbrev. Acta Crystallogr.Sect.E.Struct.Rep.Online Pub Date Free Form 1-Aug Volume 70 Issue Pt 9 Start Page o891 Other Pages 2 Notes LR: 20141015; JID: 101089178; OID: NLM: PMC4186143; OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/09/01 [ecollection]; 2014/05/21 [received]; 2014/05/22 [accepted]; 2014/08/01 [epublish]; epublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1600-5368; 1600-5368 Accession Number PMID: 25309238 Language eng SubFile Journal Article DOI 10.1107/S1600536814011908 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25309238 Abstract In the title benzohydrazide hydrate, C14H12N2O3.H2O, the dihedral angle between the aromatic rings is 58.11 (6) degrees and the C=O and N-H groups adopt an anti orientation. The main twist in the mol-ecule occurs about the C(=O)-Car (ar = aromatic) bond, with an N-C(=O)-Car-Car torsion angle of -43.5 (2) degrees . In the crystal, the components are linked by N-Hcdots, three dots, centeredO, O-Hcdots, three dots, centeredN and O-Hcdots, three dots, centeredO hydrogen bonds. These inter-actions generate [10-1] chains, with adjacent organic mol-ecules linked by inversion symmetry generating either pairs of N-Hcdots, three dots, centeredO links [R 2 (2)(16) loops] or pairs of O-Hcdots, three dots, centeredO links [R 2 (2)(20) loops]. Pairs of water mol-ecules are located in the R 2 (2)(20) loops and form their own O-Hcdots, three dots, centeredO and O-Hcdots, three dots, centeredN hydrogen bonds to adjacent organic mol-ecules in the chain. Finally, an inter-chain O-Hcdots, three dots, centeredO hydrogen-bond link from the 4-hy-droxy group generates (010) sheets. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Harrison,W.T., Low,J.N., Wardell,J.L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20140801 PMCID PMC4186143 Editors
Studies on commuters' exposure to BTEX in passenger cars in Kolkata, India	2007	Department of Chemistry, University College of Science Technology and Agriculture, 92, A. P. C. Road, Kolkata 700 009, India.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Science of the total environment Periodical, Abbrev. Sci.Total Environ. Pub Date Free Form 1-Jan Volume 372 Issue 3-Feb Start Page 426 Other Pages 432 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 0330500; 0 (Air Pollutants); 0 (Benzene Derivatives); 0 (Petroleum); 0 (Vehicle Emissions); 0 (Xylenes); 3FPU23BG52 (Toluene); J64922108F (Benzene); 2006/04/28 [received]; 2006/09/07 [revised]; 2006/09/19 [accepted]; 2006/11/17 [aheadof Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 0048-9697; 0048-9697 Accession Number PMID: 17113131 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI S0048-9697(06)00736-4 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 17113131 Abstract Commuters' exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) especially BTEX travelling in passenger cars in Kolkata, India were quantified in Phase I (2001-2002) and Phase II (2003-2004). Monitoring was made inside and in the immediate outside of passenger cars fitted with and without catalytic converters using different types of fuels, along two congested urban routes. During Phase I of the study, the benzene content in gasoline was 5% and the mean concentration of in-vehicle benzene in cars without catalytic converter was found to be as high as 721.2 microg/m3. In Phase II when the benzene content was reduced to <3% and with modified engine type, the mean in-vehicle benzene concentration was reduced to 112.4 microg/m3. The in-vehicle concentration varied with engine type and age of the vehicle. Roadside ambient mean concentration of benzene was 214.8 microg/m3 and 30.8 microg/m3 in Phase I and Phase II respectively. Descriptors Air Pollutants/analysis, Air Pollution, Indoor, Analysis of Variance, Automobiles, Benzene/analysis, Benzene Derivatives/analysis, Cities, Environmental Exposure, Humans, India, Petroleum, Toluene/analysis, Vehicle Emissions/analysis, Volatilization, Xylenes/analysis Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Som,D., Dutta,C., Chatterjee,A., Mallick,D., Jana,T. K., Sen,S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20061117 PMCID Editors
Crystal structure of 4-bromo-2-[(E)-N-(2,2,6,6-tetra-methyl-piperidin-4-yl)carboximido-yl]phenol dihydrate	2015	Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA.; Chemistry and Environmental Division, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, England ; Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, 61519 El-Minia, Egy	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Acta crystallographica.Section E, Crystallographic communications Periodical, Abbrev. Acta Crystallogr.E.Crystallogr.Commun. Pub Date Free Form 25-Apr Volume 71 Issue Pt 5 Start Page o349 Other Pages 50 Notes LR: 20150524; JID: 101648987; OID: NLM: PMC4420100; OTO: NOTNLM; 2015/05/01 [ecollection]; 2015/04/09 [received]; 2015/04/16 [accepted]; 2015/04/25 [epublish]; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 2056-9890 Accession Number PMID: 25995942 Language eng SubFile Journal Article DOI 10.1107/S2056989015007471 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25995942 Abstract In the title hydrate, C16H23BrN2O.2H2O, the organic mol-ecule features a strong intra-molecular O-Hcdots, three dots, centeredN hydrogen bond. The piperidine ring, in addition, adopts a chair conformation with the exocyclic C-N bond in an equatorial orientation. The water molecules of crystallization are disordered (each over two sets of sites with half occupancy. In the crystal, they associate into corrugated (100) sheets of (H2O)4 tetra-mers linked by O-Hcdots, three dots, centeredO hydrogen bonds. The organic mol-ecules, in turn, are arranged at both sides of these sheets, linked by water-piperidine O-Hcdots, three dots, centeredN hydrogen bonds. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Mague,J.T., Mohamed,S.K., Akkurt,M., Abdelhamid,A.A., Albayati,M.R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150425 PMCID PMC4420100 Editors
Solid-phase extraction with C30 bonded silica for analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in airborne particulate matters by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry	2007	Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of chromatography.A Periodical, Abbrev. J.Chromatogr.A Pub Date Free Form 22-Jun Volume 1154 Issue 2-Jan Start Page 74 Other Pages 80 Notes LR: 20090115; JID: 9318488; 0 (Air Pollutants); 0 (Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic); 7631-86-9 (Silicon Dioxide); 2007/02/15 [received]; 2007/03/29 [revised]; 2007/03/30 [accepted]; 2007/04/06 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 0021-9673; 0021-9673 Accession Number PMID: 17459395 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI S0021-9673(07)00657-7 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 17459395 Abstract A solid-phase extraction (SPE) method using triacontyl bonded silica (C30) as sorbent was developed for the determination of 16 US Environmental Protection Agency polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in airborne particulate matters quantitatively by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Optimization experiments were conducted using spiked standard aqueous solution of PAHs and real airborne particulates samples aiming to obtain highest SPE recoveries and extraction efficiency. Factors were studied in SPE procedures including the concentration of organic modifier, flow rate of sample loading and elution solvents. The ultrasonication time and solvents were also investigated. Recoveries were in the range of 68-107% for standard PAHs aqueous solution and 61-116% for real spiked sample. Limits of detection (LODs) and limits of quantification (LOQs) with standard solution were in the range of 0.0070-0.21 microgL(-1) and 0.022-0.67 microgL(-1), respectively. The optimized method was successfully applied to the determination of 16 PAHs in real airborne particulate matters. Descriptors Air Pollutants/analysis, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/methods, Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic/analysis, Silicon Dioxide, Solid Phase Extraction/methods Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Li,K., Li,H., Liu,L., Hashi,Y., Maeda,T., Lin,J. M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20070406 PMCID Editors
Polymeric ionic liquid bucky gels as sorbent coatings for solid-phase microextraction	2014	Department of Chemistry, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA.; Department of Chemistry, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA; School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA. Electronic add	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of chromatography.A Periodical, Abbrev. J.Chromatogr.A Pub Date Free Form 30-May Volume 1344 Issue Start Page 15 Other Pages 22 Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2014; JID: 9318488; 0 (Gels); 0 (Ionic Liquids); 0 (Ions); 0 (Nanotubes, Carbon); 0 (Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic); 0 (Polymers); OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/02/24 [received]; 2014/04/03 [revised]; 2014/04/04 [accepted]; 2014/04/13 [aheadofpr Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 1873-3778; 0021-9673 Accession Number PMID: 24768123 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.04.013 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24768123 Abstract Novel cross-linked polymeric ionic liquid (PIL) bucky gels were formed by free-radical polymerization of polymerizable ionic liquids gelled with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and used as sorbent coatings for solid-phase microextraction (SPME). The combination of PIL with MWCNTs significantly enhanced the pi-pi interaction between the sorbent coatings and the aromatic analytes. Compared to the neat PIL-based sorbent coating, the PIL bucky gel sorbent coatings demonstrated higher extraction efficiency for the extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). A partitioning extraction mechanism was observed for the PIL/MWCNT-based sorbent coatings indicating that the addition of MWCNTs did not seem to affect the extraction mechanism of the sorbent coating. The analyte-to-coating partition coefficients (logKfs) were estimated and the limits of detection (LOD) for selected PIL bucky gel sorbent coating were determined to be in the range of 1-2.5 ng L(-1). Recovery studies were also performed for PAHs in river and tap water to validate the applicability of the developed method. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier B.V Data Source Authors Zhang,C., Anderson,J.L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20140413 PMCID Editors
Decompression sickness in breath-hold diving, and its probable connection to the growth and dissolution of small arterial gas emboli	2015	Department of Chemistry, the Guelph-Waterloo Centre for Graduate Work in Chemistry and the Guelph-Waterloo Physics Institute University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada. Electronic address: sgoldman@uoguelph.ca.; Department of Chemistry, the Gue	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Mathematical biosciences Periodical, Abbrev. Math.Biosci. Pub Date Free Form Apr Volume 262 Issue Start Page 1 Other Pages 9 Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2015; JID: 0103146; OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/10/28 [received]; 2015/01/05 [accepted]; 2015/01/15 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1879-3134; 0025-5564 Accession Number PMID: 25598211 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.mbs.2015.01.001 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25598211 Abstract We solved the Laplace equation for the radius of an arterial gas embolism (AGE), during and after breath-hold diving. We used a simple three-region diffusion model for the AGE, and applied our results to two types of breath-hold dives: single, very deep competitive-level dives and repetitive shallower breath-hold dives similar to those carried out by indigenous commercial pearl divers in the South Pacific. Because of the effect of surface tension, AGEs tend to dissolve in arterial blood when arteries remote from supersaturated tissue. However if, before fully dissolving, they reach the capillary beds that perfuse the brain and the inner ear, they may become inflated with inert gas that is transferred into them from these contiguous temporarily supersaturated tissues. By using simple kinetic models of cerebral and inner ear tissue, the nitrogen tissue partial pressures during and after the dive(s) were determined. These were used to theoretically calculate AGE growth and dissolution curves for AGEs lodged in capillaries of the brain and inner ear. From these curves it was found that both cerebral and inner ear decompression sickness are expected to occur occasionally in single competitive-level dives. It was also determined from these curves that for the commercial repetitive dives considered, the duration of the surface interval (the time interval separating individual repetitive dives from one another) was a key determinant, as to whether inner ear and/or cerebral decompression sickness arose. Our predictions both for single competitive-level and repetitive commercial breath-hold diving were consistent with what is known about the incidence of cerebral and inner ear decompression sickness in these forms of diving. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier Inc Data Source Authors Goldman,S., Solano-Altamirano,J.M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150115 PMCID Editors

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