WTS database

Title	Pub Year	Author	SearchLink Sort descending
Nose-only water-pipe smoking effects on airway resistance, inflammation, and oxidative stress in mice	2013	Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates;	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md.: 1985) Periodical, Abbrev. J.Appl.Physiol.(1985) Pub Date Free Form 1-Nov Volume 115 Issue 9 Start Page 1316 Other Pages 1323 Notes JID: 8502536; 0 (Antioxidants); 0 (Interleukin-6); 0 (Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha); EC 1.15.1.1 (Superoxide Dismutase); EC 2.5.1.18 (Glutathione Transferase); GAN16C9B8O (Glutathione); OTO: NOTNLM; 2013/07/18 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1522-1601; 0161-7567 Accession Number PMID: 23869065 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1152/japplphysiol.00194.2013 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23869065 Abstract Water-pipe smoking (WPS) is a common practice in the Middle East and is now gaining popularity in Europe and the United States. However, there is a limited number of studies on the respiratory effects of WPS. More specifically, the underlying pulmonary pathophysiological mechanisms related to WPS exposure are not understood. Presently, we assessed the respiratory effects of nose-only exposure to mainstream WPS generated by commercially available honey flavored "moasel" tobacco. The duration of the session was 30 min/day and 5 days/wk for 1 mo. Control mice were exposed to air only. Here, we measured in BALB/c mice the airway resistance using forced-oscillation technique. Lung inflammation was assessed histopathologically and by biochemical analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, and oxidative stress was evaluated biochemically by measuring lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione and several antioxidant enzymes. Pulmonary inflammation assessment showed an increase in neutrophil and lymphocyte numbers. Likewise, airway resistance was significantly increased in the WPS group compared with controls. Tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 6 concentrations were significantly increased in BAL fluid. Lipid peroxidation in lung tissue was significantly increased whereas the level and activity of antioxidants including reduced glutathione, glutathione S transferase, and superoxide dismutase were all significantly decreased following WPS exposure, indicating the occurrence of oxidative stress. Moreover, carboxyhemoglobin levels were significantly increased in the WPS group. We conclude that 1-mo nose-only exposure to WPS significantly increased airway resistance, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Our results provide a mechanistic explanation for the limited clinical studies that reported the detrimental respiratory effects of WPS. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Nemmar,A., Raza,H., Yuvaraju,P., Beegam,S., John,A., Yasin,J., Hameed,R.S., Adeghate,E., Ali,B.H. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20130718 PMCID Editors
Cigarette smoking and quit attempts among injection drug users in Tijuana, Mexico	2013	Joint Doctoral Program in Public Health (Global Health), San Diego State University/University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA;	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Dec Volume 15 Issue 12 Start Page 2060 Other Pages 2068 Notes LR: 20150423; GR: 1R36DA033152/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: D43 TW008633/TW/FIC NIH HHS/United States; GR: R36 DA033152/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R37 DA019829/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R37DA019829/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-994X; 1462-2203 Accession Number PMID: 23873979 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 10.1093/ntr/ntt099 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23873979 Abstract INTRODUCTION: Injection drug use and cigarette smoking are major global health concerns. Limited data exist regarding cigarette smoking behavior and quit attempts among injection drug users (IDUs) in low- and middle-income countries to inform the development of cigarette smoking interventions. We conducted a cross-sectional study to describe cigarette smoking behavior and quit attempts among IDUs in Tijuana, Mexico. METHODS: IDUs were recruited through community outreach and administered in-person interviews. Multivariable Poisson regression models were constructed to determine prevalence ratios (PRs) for quit attempts. RESULTS: Of the 670 participants interviewed, 601 (89.7%) were current smokers. Of these, median number of cigarettes smoked daily was 10; 190 (31.6%) contemplated quitting smoking in the next 6 months; 132 (22.0%) had previously quit for >/=1 year; and 124 (20.6%) had made a recent quit attempt (lasting >/=1 day during the previous 6 months). In multivariable analysis, recent quit attempts were positively associated with average monthly income (>/=3,500 pesos [US$280] vs. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Shin,S.S., Moreno,P.G., Rao,S., Garfein,R.S., Novotny,T.E., Strathdee,S.A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20130719 PMCID PMC3819980 Editors
Shear Bond Strength of an Etch-and-rinse Adhesive to Er:YAG Laser- and/or Phosphoric Acid-treated Dentin	2013	Associate Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of dental research, dental clinics, dental prospects Periodical, Abbrev. J.Dent.Res.Dent.Clin.Dent.Prospects Pub Date Free Form Volume 7 Issue 2 Start Page 67 Other Pages 73 Notes LR: 20130724; JID: 101576035; OID: NLM: PMC3713863; OTO: NOTNLM; 2012/09/04 [received]; 2013/02/24 [accepted]; 2013/05/30 [epublish]; ppublish Place of Publication Iran ISSN/ISBN 2008-210X; 2008-210X Accession Number PMID: 23875083 Language eng SubFile Journal Article DOI 10.5681/joddd.2013.012 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23875083 Abstract Background and aims. Er:YAG laser irradiation has been claimed to improve the adhesive properties of dentin; therefore, it has been proposed as an alternative to acid etching. The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the shear bond strength of an etch-and-rinse adhesive system to dentin surfaces following Er:YAG laser and/or phosphoric acid etching. Materials and methods. The roots of 75 sound maxillary premolars were sectioned below the CEJ and the crowns were embedded in auto-polymerizing acrylic resin with the buccal surfaces facing up. The buccal surfaces were ground using a diamond bur and polished until the dentin was exposed; the samples were randomly divided into five groups (n=15) according to the surface treatment: (1) acid etching; (2) laser etching; (3) laser etching followed by acid etching; (4) acid etching followed by laser etching and (5) no acid etching and no laser etching (control group). Composite resin rods (Point 4, Kerr Co) were bonded to treated dentin surfaces with an etch-and-rise adhesive system (Optibond FL, Kerr Co) and light-cured.After storage for two weeks at 37 degrees C and 100% humidity and then thermocycling, bond strength was measured with a Zwick Universal Testing Machine at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. Data was analyzed using parametric and non-parametric tests (P Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Davari,A., Sadeghi,M., Bakhshi,H. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20130530 PMCID PMC3713863 Editors
Multi-species biofilms defined from drinking water microorganisms provide increased protection against chlorine disinfection	2013	Department of Biological Sciences, Biofilm Research Group, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Biofouling Periodical, Abbrev. Biofouling Pub Date Free Form Sep Volume 29 Issue 8 Start Page 917 Other Pages 928 Notes GR: Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada; JID: 9200331; 0 (Disinfectants); 0 (Drinking Water); 4R7X1O2820 (Chlorine); 2013/07/24 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1029-2454; 0892-7014 Accession Number PMID: 23879183 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1080/08927014.2013.816298 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23879183 Abstract A model biofilm, formed of multiple species from environmental drinking water, including opportunistic pathogens, was created to explore the tolerance of multi-species biofilms to chlorine levels typical of water-distribution systems. All species, when grown planktonically, were killed by concentrations of chlorine within the World Health Organization guidelines (0.2-5.0 mg l(-1)). Higher concentrations (1.6-40-fold) of chlorine were required to eradicate biofilm populations of these strains, ~70% of biofilms tested were not eradicated by 5.0 mg l(-1) chlorine. Pathogenic bacteria within the model multi-species biofilms had an even more substantial increase in chlorine tolerance; on average ~700-1100 mg l(-1) chlorine was required to eliminate pathogens from the biofilm, 50-300-fold higher than for biofilms comprising single species. Confocal laser scanning microscopy of biofilms showed distinct 3D structures and multiple cell morphologies and arrangements. Overall, this study showed a substantial increase in the chlorine tolerance of individual species with co-colonization in a multi-species biofilm that was far beyond that expected as a result of biofilm growth on its own. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Schwering,M., Song,J., Louie,M., Turner,R.J., Ceri,H. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20130724 PMCID Editors
The effectiveness of a Web-based personalized feedback and social norms alcohol intervention on United Kingdom university students: randomized controlled trial	2013	Academic Unit of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom. B.M.Bewick@leeds.ac.uk.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of medical Internet research Periodical, Abbrev. J.Med.Internet Res. Pub Date Free Form 24-Jul Volume 15 Issue 7 Start Page e137 Other Pages Notes LR: 20150423; JID: 100959882; OID: NLM: PMC3742391; OTO: NOTNLM; 2013/02/19 [received]; 2013/05/23 [accepted]; 2013/05/10 [revised]; epublish Place of Publication Canada ISSN/ISBN 1438-8871; 1438-8871 Accession Number PMID: 23883616 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.2196/jmir.2581 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23883616 Abstract BACKGROUND: Alcohol consumption in the student population continues to be cause for concern. Building on the established evidence base for traditional brief interventions, interventions using the Internet as a mode of delivery are being developed. Published evidence of replication of initial findings and ongoing development and modification of Web-based personalized feedback interventions for student alcohol use is relatively rare. The current paper reports on the replication of the initial Unitcheck feasibility trial. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of Unitcheck, a Web-based intervention that provides instant personalized feedback on alcohol consumption. It was hypothesized that use of Unitcheck would be associated with a reduction in alcohol consumption. METHODS: A randomized control trial with two arms (control=assessment only; intervention=fully automated personalized feedback delivered using a Web-based intervention). The intervention was available week 1 through to week 15. Students at a UK university who were completing a university-wide annual student union electronic survey were invited to participate in the current study. Participants (n=1618) were stratified by sex, age group, year of study, self-reported alcohol consumption, then randomly assigned to one of the two arms, and invited to participate in the current trial. Participants were not blind to allocation. In total, n=1478 (n=723 intervention, n=755 control) participants accepted the invitation. Of these, 70% were female, the age ranged from 17-50 years old, and 88% were white/white British. Data were collected electronically via two websites: one for each treatment arm. Participants completed assessments at weeks 1, 16, and 34. Assessment included CAGE, a 7-day retrospective drinking diary, and drinks consumed per drinking occasion. RESULTS: The regression model predicted a monitoring effect, with participants who completed assessments reducing alcohol consumption over the final week. Further reductions were predicted for those allocated to receive the intervention, and additional reductions were predicted as the number of visits to the intervention website increased. CONCLUSIONS: Unitcheck can reduce the amount of alcohol consumed, and the reduction can be sustained in the medium term (ie, 19 weeks after intervention was withdrawn). The findings suggest self-monitoring is an active ingredient to Web-based personalized feedback. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Bewick,B.M., West,R.M., Barkham,M., Mulhern,B., Marlow,R., Traviss,G., Hill,A.J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20130724 PMCID PMC3742391 Editors
Development and preliminary randomized controlled trial of a distress tolerance treatment for smokers with a history of early lapse	2013	Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Butler Hospital/Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI;	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Dec Volume 15 Issue 12 Start Page 2005 Other Pages 2015 Notes LR: 20151119; GR: DA017332/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9815751; 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); OID: NLM: PMC3819975; 2013/07/24 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-994X; 1462-2203 Accession Number PMID: 23884317 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 10.1093/ntr/ntt093 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23884317 Abstract INTRODUCTION: An inability to tolerate distress is a significant predictor of early smoking lapse following a cessation attempt. We conducted a preliminary randomized controlled trial to compare a distress tolerance (DT) treatment that incorporated elements of exposure-based therapies and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy to standard smoking cessation treatment (ST). METHODS: Smokers with a history of early lapse in prior quit attempts received either DT (N = 27; 9 2-hr group and 6 50-min individual sessions) or ST (N = 22; 6 90-min group and 1 20-min individual session), plus 8 weeks of transdermal nicotine patch. RESULTS: At the end of behavioral treatment, odds of abstinence among participants receiving DT were 6.46 times greater than among participants receiving ST (66.7% vs. 31.8%), equivalent to a medium- to large-effect size. Odds of abstinence for DT were still 1.73 times greater at 8 weeks, corresponding to a small- to medium-effect size, although neither this difference nor those at 13 and 26 weeks were statistically significant. Furthermore, of those who lapsed to smoking during the first week postquit, DT participants had more than 4 times greater odds of abstinence than ST participants at the end of treatment. Relative to ST, DT participants also reported a larger decrease in experiential avoidance, a hypothesized DT treatment mediator, prior to quit day. The trajectory of negative mood and withdrawal symptoms in DT differed from ST and was largely consistent with hypotheses. CONCLUSIONS: Reasons for the decrease in abstinence in DT after treatment discontinuation and suggestions for future research are discussed. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Brown,R.A., Reed,K.M., Bloom,E.L., Minami,H., Strong,D.R., Lejuez,C.W., Kahler,C.W., Zvolensky,M.J., Gifford,E.V., Hayes,S.C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20130724 PMCID PMC3819975 Editors
Menthol cigarette and marijuana use among adolescents	2013	Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT;	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Dec Volume 15 Issue 12 Start Page 2094 Other Pages 2099 Notes LR: 20151119; GR: P50 DA009241/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: P50 DA09421/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01DA026450/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9815751; 1490-04-6 (Menthol); OID: NLM: PMC3888180; 2013/07/24 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-994X; 1462-2203 Accession Number PMID: 23884319 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 10.1093/ntr/ntt102 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23884319 Abstract INTRODUCTION: Menthol cigarette and marijuana use among adolescents is high; however, little is known about dual use in this age. Thus, we examined these rates among 2 samples of adolescents in Connecticut. METHODS: Study 1 examined a school-wide survey assessing variables related to cigarettes and marijuana among high school students (N = 837 [13% smokers]), and Study 2 examined these factors using baseline data of high school-aged, treatment-seeking, daily cigarette smokers prior to quitting (N = 132). RESULTS: In Study 1, lifetime marijuana use among all adolescents was 33% and past 30-day marijuana use was 21%. Among cigarette smokers, 55% reported smoking menthol cigarettes, 84% reported lifetime marijuana use, and 66% reported past 30-day marijuana use. Multivariate-adjusted logistic regression models indicated that cigarette smokers, when compared with nonsmokers, had greater rates of lifetime (odds ratio [OR] = 10.91) and past 30-day marijuana use (OR = 10.44). Among smokers, use of menthol cigarettes, when compared with use of nonmenthol cigarettes, was associated with greater lifetime (OR = 5.05) but not past 30-day marijuana use. In Study 2 with daily smokers, 59% of adolescents reported use of menthol cigarettes and 66% reported past 30-day marijuana use. Compared with nonmenthol cigarette smokers, menthol cigarette smokers were more likely to report past 30-day marijuana use (OR = 2.44). CONCLUSIONS: Cigarette smoking is associated with marijuana use, and among smokers, menthol cigarette smoking further increased the odds of marijuana use. More research on the dual use of marijuana and tobacco is needed to inform prevention and treatment of substance use. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Kong,G., Singh,N., Camenga,D., Cavallo,D., Krishnan-Sarin,S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20130724 PMCID PMC3888180 Editors
Prevalence and predictors of water pipe and cigarette smoking among secondary school students in London	2013	School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK;	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Dec Volume 15 Issue 12 Start Page 2069 Other Pages 2075 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 9815751; 2013/07/24 [aheadofprint]; 2013/07/29 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-994X; 1462-2203 Accession Number PMID: 23884320 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1093/ntr/ntt103 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23884320 Abstract INTRODUCTION: Water pipe tobacco smoking appears to be an increasing public health concern, with anecdotal reports of higher prevalence than cigarette smoking among young people in some high-income countries. We examined the prevalence and predictors of water pipe and cigarette smoking among students attending secondary schools in a deprived, ethnically diverse part of inner London. METHODS: We conducted a 96-item, validated smoking habits questionnaire with 2,399 students from Years 8, 10, and 12/13 from 15 secondary schools in Brent, northwest London. Multilevel logistic regression models were used to examine predictors of current and ever cigarette and water pipe smoking. RESULTS: Current water pipe smoking prevalence was more than double that of cigarette smoking prevalence (7.6% vs. 3.4%, p Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Jawad,M., Wilson,A., Lee,J.T., Jawad,S., Hamilton,F.L., Millett,C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20130724 PMCID Editors
Decomposition and nitrogen dynamics of (15)N-labeled leaf, root, and twig litter in temperate coniferous forests	2013	Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, 321 Richardson Hall, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA, tiff.vanhuysen@gmail.com.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Oecologia Periodical, Abbrev. Oecologia Pub Date Free Form Dec Volume 173 Issue 4 Start Page 1563 Other Pages 1573 Notes JID: 0150372; 0 (Nitrogen Isotopes); 0 (Soil); N762921K75 (Nitrogen); 2012/07/02 [received]; 2013/06/06 [accepted]; 2013/07/25 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Germany ISSN/ISBN 1432-1939; 0029-8549 Accession Number PMID: 23884664 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; IM DOI 10.1007/s00442-013-2706-8 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23884664 Abstract Litter nutrient dynamics contribute significantly to biogeochemical cycling in forest ecosystems. We examined how site environment and initial substrate quality influence decomposition and nitrogen (N) dynamics of multiple litter types. A 2.5-year decomposition study was installed in the Oregon Coast Range and West Cascades using (15)N-labeled litter from Acer macrophyllum, Picea sitchensis, and Pseudotsuga menziesii. Mass loss for leaf litter was similar between the two sites, while root and twig litter exhibited greater mass loss in the Coast Range. Mass loss was greatest from leaves and roots, and species differences in mass loss were more prominent in the Coast Range. All litter types and species mineralized N early in the decomposition process; only A. macrophyllum leaves exhibited a net N immobilization phase. There were no site differences with respect to litter N dynamics despite differences in site N availability, and litter N mineralization patterns were species-specific. For multiple litter x species combinations, the difference between gross and net N mineralization was significant, and gross mineralization was 7-20 % greater than net mineralization. The mineralization results suggest that initial litter chemistry may be an important driver of litter N dynamics. Our study demonstrates that greater amounts of N are cycling through these systems than may be quantified by only measuring net mineralization and challenges current leaf-based biogeochemical theory regarding patterns of N immobilization and mineralization. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors van Huysen,T.L., Harmon,M.E., Perakis,S.S., Chen,H. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20130725 PMCID Editors
Molecular typing of CTX-M-producing escherichia coli isolates from environmental water, swine feces, specimens from healthy humans, and human patients	2013	Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Applied and Environmental Microbiology Periodical, Abbrev. Appl.Environ.Microbiol. Pub Date Free Form Oct Volume 79 Issue 19 Start Page 5988 Other Pages 5996 Notes LR: 20150423; JID: 7605801; 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents); 0 (Cephalosporins); 0 (DNA, Bacterial); 0 (Fluoroquinolones); EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-Lactamases); OID: NLM: PMC3811354; 2013/07/26 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1098-5336; 0099-2240 Accession Number PMID: 23892737 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1128/AEM.01740-13 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23892737 Abstract CTX-M-producing Escherichia coli is the predominant type of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli worldwide. In this study, molecular typing was conducted for 139 CTX-M-producing E. coli isolates, phenotypically positive for ESBLs, isolated from environmental water, swine, healthy humans, and hospitalized patients in Hangzhou, China. The antibiotic resistance profiles of the isolates for the cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones were determined. The isolates showed 100% resistance to cefotaxime and ceftriaxone while maintaining relatively high susceptibility to cefoxitin, cefepime, and ceftazidime. A total of 61.9% (86/139) of the isolates, regardless of origin, showed high resistance to fluoroquinolones. PCRs and DNA sequencing indicated that blaCTX-M-14 was the most prevalent CTX-M-9 group gene and that blaCTX-M-15 and blaCTX-M-55 were the dominant CTX-M-1 group genes. Isolates from all sources with CTX-M types belonging to the CTX-M-1 or CTX-M-9 group were most frequently associated with epidemics. Molecular homology analysis of the isolates, conducted by phylogenetic grouping, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and multilocus sequence typing (MLST), demonstrated that the dominant clones belonged to B2-ST131, D-ST648, D-ST38, or A-CC10. These four sequence types (STs) were discovered in E. coli isolates both from humans and from environmental water, suggesting frequent and continuous intercompartment transmission between humans and the aquatic environment. Seven novel sequence types were identified in the current study. In conclusion, this study is the first to report the molecular homology analysis of CTX-M-producing E. coli isolates collected from water, swine, and healthy and hospitalized humans, suggesting that pathogens in the environment might originate both from humans and from animals. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Hu,Y.Y., Cai,J.C., Zhou,H.W., Chi,D., Zhang,X.F., Chen,W.L., Zhang,R., Chen,G.X. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20130726 PMCID PMC3811354 Editors

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