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Fine particle air pollution and secondhand smoke exposures and risks inside 66 US casinos	2011	Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA. repace@comcast.net	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Environmental research Periodical, Abbrev. Environ.Res. Pub Date Free Form May Volume 111 Issue 4 Start Page 473 Other Pages 484 Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2011; JID: 0147621; 0 (Air Pollutants); 0 (Particulate Matter); 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 2010/04/28 [received]; 2011/02/07 [revised]; 2011/02/12 [accepted]; 2011/03/25 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1096-0953; 0013-9351 Accession Number PMID: 21440253 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.envres.2011.02.007 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 21440253 Abstract Smoking bans often exempt casinos, exposing occupants to fine particles (PM(2.5)) from secondhand smoke. We quantified the relative contributions to PM(2.5) from both secondhand smoke and infiltrating outdoor sources in US casinos. We measured real-time PM(2.5), particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PPAH), and carbon dioxide (CO(2)) (as an index of ventilation rate) inside and outside 8 casinos in Reno, Nevada. We combined these data with data from previous studies, yielding a total of 66 US casinos with smoking in California, Delaware, Nevada, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania, developing PM(2.5) frequency distributions, with 3 nonsmoking casinos for comparison. Geometric means for PM(2.5) were 53.8 mug/m(3) (range 18.5-205 mug/m(3)) inside smoking casinos, 4.3 mug/m(3) (range 0.26-29.7 mug/m(3)) outside those casinos, and 3.1 mug/m(3) (range 0.6-9 mug/m(3)) inside 3 nonsmoking casinos. In a subset of 21 Reno and Las Vegas smoking casinos, PM(2.5) in gaming areas averaged 45.2 mug/m(3) (95% CI, 37.7-52.7 mug/m(3)); adjacent nonsmoking casino restaurants averaged 27.2 mug/m(3) (95% CI, 17.5-36.9 mug/m(3)), while PM(2.5) outside the casinos averaged 3.9 mug/m(3) (95% CI, 2.5-5.3 mug/m(3)). For a subset of 10 Nevada and Pennsylvania smoking casinos, incremental (indoor-outdoor) PM(2.5) was correlated with incremental PPAH (R(2)=0.79), with ventilation rate-adjusted smoker density (R(2)=0.73), and with smoker density (R(2)=0.60), but not with ventilation rates (R(2)=0.15). PPAH levels in 8 smoking casinos in 3 states averaged 4 times outdoors. The nonsmoking casinos' PM(2.5) (n=3) did not differ from outdoor levels, nor did their PPAH (n=2). Incremental PM(2.5) from secondhand smoke in approximately half the smoking casinos exceeded a level known to produce cardiovascular morbidity in nonsmokers after less than 2h of exposure, posing acute health risks to patrons and workers. Casino ventilation and air cleaning practices failed to control secondhand smoke PM(2.5). Drifting PM(2.5) from secondhand smoke contaminated unseparated nonsmoking areas. Smoke-free casinos reduced PM(2.5) to the same low levels found outdoors. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier Inc Data Source Authors Repace,J.L., Jiang,R.T., Acevedo-Bolton,V., Cheng,K.C., Klepeis,N.E., Ott,W.R., Hildemann,L.M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20110325 PMCID Editors
Field Validation of the ReEBOV Antigen Rapid Test for Point-of-Care Diagnosis of Ebola Virus Infection	2016	Corgenix, Broomfield, Colorado Department of Microbiology and Immunology.; Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch.; Department of Microbiology and Immunology.; Lassa Fever Program, Kenema Government Hospital Ministry of Health a	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Journal of infectious diseases Periodical, Abbrev. J.Infect.Dis. Pub Date Free Form 11-Aug Volume Issue Start Page Other Pages Notes LR: 20160813; CI: (c) The Author 2016; JID: 0413675; OTO: NOTNLM; aheadofprint Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1537-6613; 0022-1899 Accession Number PMID: 27521365 Language ENG SubFile JOURNAL ARTICLE DOI jiw261 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 27521365 Abstract BACKGROUND: The 2013-2016 West African Ebola virus disease (EVD) epidemic is the largest recorded. Triage on the basis of clinical signs had limited success, and the time to diagnosis by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) could exceed 5 days. Here we describe the development and field validation of the ReEBOV Antigen Rapid Test (ReEBOV RDT) to aid triage of individuals with suspected EVD. METHODS: Samples from patients with suspected EVD were submitted to Kenema Government Hospital, Sierra Leone, for Lassa fever and EVD screening throughout 2014. Banked residual clinical samples were tested in November 2014 and January 2015 in a blinded field trial to estimate the clinical effectiveness of the ReEBOV RDT, compared with EBOV-specific qRT-PCR. RESULTS: Preliminary ReEBOV RDT performance demonstrated a positive percentage agreement (PPA) of 91.1% (195 of 214 results; 95% confidence interval [CI], 86.5%-94.6%) and a negative percentage agreement (NPA) of 90.2% (175 of 194; 95% CI, 85.1%-94.0%). The final estimates used by the Food and Drug Administration to determine whether to grant emergency use authorization for the test, which excluded a qRT-PCR reference method threshold cutoff, were a PPA of 62.1% (72 of 116 results; 95% CI, 52.6%-70.9%) and a NPA of 96.7% (58 of 60; 95% CI, 88.5%-99.6%), with a diagnostic likelihood of 18.6. A subsequent, independent evaluation by the World Health Organization generated results consistent with the preliminary performance estimates. CONCLUSIONS: The ReEBOV RDT demonstrated the potential to provide clinically effective rapid and accurate point-of-care test results and, thus, to be a powerful tool for increasing triage efficiency. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher . Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America Data Source Authors Boisen,M.L., Cross,R.W., Hartnett,J.N., Goba,A., Momoh,M., Fullah,M., Gbakie,M., Safa,S., Fonnie,M., Baimba,F., Koroma,V.J., Geisbert,J.B., McCormick,S., Nelson,D.K., Millett,M.M., Oottamasathien,D., Jones,A.B., Pham,H., Brown,B.L., Shaffer,J.G., Schieffelin,J.S., Kargbo,B., Gbetuwa,M., Gevao,S.M., Wilson,R.B., Pitts,K.R., Geisbert,T.W., Branco,L.M., Khan,S.H., Grant,D.S., Garry,R.F. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20160811 PMCID Editors
Field validation of Tasmania's aquaculture industry bounce-diving schedules using Doppler analysis of decompression stress	2014	Faculty of Heath Sciences, University of Tasmania, Department of Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine Royal Hobart Hospital Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia, Phone: +61-(03)-6222-8193, Fax: +61-(03)-6222-7268, E-mail: david.smart@dhhs.tas.gov.au.; Department of	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Diving and hyperbaric medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Diving.Hyperb.Med. Pub Date Free Form Sep Volume 44 Issue 3 Start Page 124 Other Pages 136 Notes LR: 20160128; JID: 101282742; EIN: Diving Hyperb Med. 2015 Dec;45(4):270. PMID: 26687317; OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/02/09 [received]; 2014/07/01 [accepted]; ppublish Place of Publication Australia ISSN/ISBN 1833-3516; 1833-3516 Accession Number PMID: 25311318 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Observational Study; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Validation Studies; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25311318 Abstract INTRODUCTION: Tasmania's aquaculture industry produces over 40,000 tonnes of fish annually, valued at over AUD500M. Aquaculture divers perform repetitive, short-duration bounce dives in fish pens to depths up to 21 metres' sea water (msw). Past high levels of decompression illness (DCI) may have resulted from these 'yo-yo' dives. This study aimed to assess working divers, using Doppler ultrasonic bubble detection, to determine if yo-yo diving was a risk factor for DCI, determine dive profiles with acceptable risk and investigate productivity improvement. METHODS: Field data were collected from working divers during bounce diving at marine farms near Hobart, Australia. Ascent rates were less than 18 m.min(-)(1), with routine safety stops (3 min at 3 msw) during the final ascent. The Kisman-Masurel method was used to grade bubbling post dive as a means of assessing decompression stress. In accordance with Defence Research and Development Canada Toronto practice, dives were rejected as excessive risk if more than 50% of scores were over Grade 2. RESULTS: From 2002 to 2008, Doppler data were collected from 150 bounce-dive series (55 divers, 1,110 bounces). Three series of bounce profiles, characterized by in-water times, were validated: 13-15 msw, 10 bounces inside 75 min; 16-18 msw, six bounces inside 50 min; and 19-21 msw, four bounces inside 35 min. All had median bubble grades of 0. Further evaluation validated two successive series of bounces. Bubble grades were consistent with low-stress dive profiles. Bubble grades did not correlate with the number of bounces, but did correlate with ascent rate and in-water time. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest bounce diving was not a major factor causing DCI in Tasmanian aquaculture divers. Analysis of field data has improved industry productivity by increasing the permissible number of bounces, compared to earlier empirically-derived tables, without compromising safety. The recommended Tasmanian Bounce Diving Tables provide guidance for bounce diving to a depth of 21 msw, and two successive bounce dive series in a day's diving. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Smart,D.R., Van den Broek,C., Nishi,R., Cooper,P.D., Eastman,D. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Field application of acid mist to a single clone of Sitka spruce: Effects on foliar nutrition and frost hardiness	1997	Sheppard, L.J., Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, Bush Estate, Penicuik EH26 0QB, United Kingdom	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Environmental Pollution Periodical, Abbrev. Environ.Pollut. Pub Date Free Form 1997/11 Volume 98 Issue 2 Start Page 175 Other Pages 184 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0269-7491 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Trees (> 2.5 m tall) belonging to a single clone of physiologically mature Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr), growing in a base rich agricultural loam, were treated approximately twice weekly with acid mist (pH 2.5) over three consecutive growing seasons. The treatment consisted of acid mist containing H+, NH4+, NO3- and SO42- in equimolar concentrations (1.6 mol m-3) identical to that used in previous open-top chamber (OTC) studies with seedlings and grafted cuttings. The acid mist supplied approximately 48 kg N and 51 kg S ha-1 year -1 and 3.3 kg H ha-1 year-1. Treated trees were surrounded by a framework which supported temporary blinds, positioned only during the spray treatment. Control trees received no treatment. Groups of four trees were assigned to one of five height classes, to take account of a gradient in height across the site, and these groups were treated as units of replication. Shoot frost hardiness and foliar nutrient concentrations were measured for comparison with previous OTC studies. Tree size, which initially was positively correlated with differences in nutrient status (N, P, S and K), exerted a significant effect on the frost hardiness response to acid mist. Acid mist had a negative effect on frost hardiness only in the smallest trees, and only when the trees were already hardy to -20Â°C and treatment applications were regular and continuous up to sampling. There was no evidence of foliar mediated affects such as enhanced ion leakage rates and substantially elevated foliar S concentrations which typified OTC exposures. The usefulness of these variables with respect to monitoring field effects of acid mist is discussed together with the importance of different environmental factors which appear to control tree response in the field. Descriptors ammonia, nitrate, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, proton, sulfate, sulfur, acid rain, air pollution, article, cold tolerance, controlled study, nebulization, nonhuman, nutrition, pH, pine Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Sheppard,L. J., Crossley,A., Harvey,F. J., Wilson,D., Cape,J. N. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Fiber-assisted emulsification microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the determination of aromatic amines in aqueous samples	2014	School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Guangzhou Fiber Product Testing Institute, Guangzhou 510220, China.; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, Chi	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of chromatography.A Periodical, Abbrev. J.Chromatogr.A Pub Date Free Form 26-Sep Volume 1361 Issue Start Page 16 Other Pages 22 Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2014; JID: 9318488; 0 (Amines); 0 (Emulsions); 0 (Solutions); 059QF0KO0R (Water); OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/06/12 [received]; 2014/07/23 [revised]; 2014/07/24 [accepted]; 2014/08/01 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 1873-3778; 0021-9673 Accession Number PMID: 25152494 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.07.070 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25152494 Abstract A novel fiber-assisted emulsification microextraction (FAEME) method was developed for the determination of eight aromatic amines (AAs) in aqueous samples. In this method, the extraction solvent (100 muL chlorobenzene) and the dispersive material (1.0mg kapok fiber fragments) were added successively into the aqueous sample (5.0 mL), and then the mixture was emulsified by ultrasound to form the cloudy solution. Phase separation was performed by centrifugation, and the sedimented phase was transferred to micro-inserts with a microsyringe for analysis. All variables involved in the extraction process were identified and optimized. By coupling the analysis with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), excellent detection limits (0.01-0.2 mug L(-1)), good precision (RSDs, 3.33-6.56%) and linear ranges (0.10-160 mug L(-1) and 1.0-160 mug L(-1)) were obtained. Compared with the traditional solvent-emulsification method, the extraction recoveries of the proposed method were much higher. Satisfactory recoveries were achieved when the method was used for the analysis of AAs in spiked real water samples. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier B.V Data Source Authors Feng,W., Jiang,R., Chen,B., Ouyang,G. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20140801 PMCID Editors
Fecal carriage of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and AmpC-producing Escherichia coli in a Libyan community	2014	United States Naval Medical Research Unit No,3, Cairo, Egypt. salwa.fouad.eg@med.navy.mil.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Annals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials Periodical, Abbrev. Ann.Clin.Microbiol.Antimicrob. Pub Date Free Form 16-Jun Volume 13 Issue Start Page 22 Other Pages 0711-13-22 Notes LR: 20150805; JID: 101152152; EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-Lactamases); OID: NLM: PMC4107601; 2014/01/18 [received]; 2014/04/30 [accepted]; 2014/06/16 [aheadofprint]; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1476-0711; 1476-0711 Accession Number PMID: 24934873 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1186/1476-0711-13-22 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24934873 Abstract BACKGROUND: Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs), including the AmpC type, are important mechanisms of resistance among Enterobacteriaeceae. CTX-M type extended-spectrum beta- lactamases, of which there are now over 90 variants, are distributed globally, yet appear to vary in regional distribution. AmpC beta-lactamases hydrolyze third generation cephalosporins, but are resistant to inhibition by clavulanate or other beta-lactamase inhibitors in vitro. Fecal carriage and rates of colonization by bacteria harboring these resistance mechanisms have been reported in patients with community-acquired infections and in healthy members of their households. Expression of these ESBLs compromises the efficacy of current antibacterial therapies, potentially increasing the seriousness of hospital- and community-acquired Escherichia coli (E. coli) infections.To investigate the occurrence of ESBL-producing E. coli in human fecal flora isolated from two pediatric populations residing in the Libyan cities Zleiten and Abou El Khoms. Isolates were further studied to characterize genes encoding beta-lactam resistance, and establish genetic relationships. METHODS: Antibiotic resistance profiles of phenotypically characterized E. coli isolates recovered from the stools of 243 Libyan children during two surveillance periods in 2001 and 2007 were determined by the disk diffusion method. ESBL-screening was performed using the cephalosporin/clavulanate double synergy disc method, and the AmpC-phenotype was confirmed by the aminophenyl-boronic acid test. ESBL genes were molecularly characterized. Phylogenetic group and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) were determined for ESBL-producing isolates and PFGE was performed to compare banding profiles of some dominant strains. RESULTS: ESBLs were identified in 13.4% (18/134) of E. coli isolates, and nine isolates (6.7%) demonstrated AmpC activity; all 18 isolates contained a CTX-M gene. Three CTX-M gene families (CTX-M-1, n=9; CTX-M-15, n=8 and CTX-M-3, n=1) were distributed in diverse E. coli backgrounds (phylogenetic group D, 39%; B2, 28%; B1, 22% and A, 11%). MLST analysis revealed 14 sequence type (ST) with six new sequence types. The gene encoding the CMY-2 enzyme was detected in five AmpC-positive E. coli. CONCLUSIONS: These results identified heterogeneous clones of CTX-M-producing E. coli in the fecal isolates, indicating that the intestinal tract acts as a reservoir for ESBL-producing organisms, and a trafficker of antibiotic resistance genes. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Ahmed,S.F., Ali,M.M., Mohamed,Z.K., Moussa,T.A., Klena,J.D. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20140616 PMCID PMC4107601 Editors
Feature-level analysis of a novel smartphone application for smoking cessation	2015	Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Public Health Sciences , Seattle , WA , and.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse Periodical, Abbrev. Am.J.Drug Alcohol Abuse Pub Date Free Form Jan Volume 41 Issue 1 Start Page 68 Other Pages 73 Notes LR: 20160506; GR: K23 DA026517/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: K23DA026517/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: K99 DA037276/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 CA151251/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 CA166646/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1097-9891; 0095-2990 Accession Number PMID: 25397860 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.3109/00952990.2014.977486 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25397860 Abstract BACKGROUND: Currently, there are over 400 smoking cessation smartphone apps available, downloaded an estimated 780,000 times per month. No prior studies have examined how individuals engage with specific features of cessation apps and whether use of these features is associated with quitting. OBJECTIVES: Using data from a pilot trial of a novel smoking cessation app, we examined: (i) the 10 most-used app features, and (ii) prospective associations between feature usage and quitting. METHODS: Participants (n = 76) were from the experimental arm of a randomized, controlled pilot trial of an app for smoking cessation called "SmartQuit," which includes elements of both Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and traditional cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). Utilization data were automatically tracked during the 8-week treatment phase. Thirty-day point prevalence smoking abstinence was assessed at 60-day follow-up. RESULTS: The most-used features - quit plan, tracking, progress, and sharing - were mostly CBT. Only two of the 10 most-used features were prospectively associated with quitting: viewing the quit plan (p = 0.03) and tracking practice of letting urges pass (p = 0.03). Tracking ACT skill practice was used by fewer participants (n = 43) but was associated with cessation (p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: In this exploratory analysis without control for multiple comparisons, viewing a quit plan (CBT) as well as tracking practice of letting urges pass (ACT) were both appealing to app users and associated with successful quitting. Aside from these features, there was little overlap between a feature's popularity and its prospective association with quitting. Tests of causal associations between feature usage and smoking cessation are now needed. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Heffner,J.L., Vilardaga,R., Mercer,L.D., Kientz,J.A., Bricker,J.B. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20141114 PMCID PMC4410684 Editors
Feasibility of Measuring Tobacco Smoke Air Pollution in Homes: Report from a Pilot Study	2015	Department of Health Promotion, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel. rosenl@post.tau.ac.il.; Department of Statistics, Hebrew University, Mt. Scopus, Jerusalem 9190501, Israel.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full International journal of environmental research and public health Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Environ.Res.Public.Health. Pub Date Free Form 30-Nov Volume 12 Issue 12 Start Page 15129 Other Pages 15142 Notes LR: 20160107; GR: R01 HL103684-02/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 101238455; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); OID: NLM: PMC4690906; OTO: NOTNLM; 2015/09/27 [received]; 2015/11/04 [revised]; 2015/11/05 [accepted]; epublish Place of Publication Switzerland ISSN/ISBN 1660-4601; 1660-4601 Accession Number PMID: 26633440 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; IM DOI 10.3390/ijerph121214970 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26633440 Abstract Tobacco smoke air pollution (TSAP) measurement may persuade parents to adopt smoke-free homes and thereby reduce harm to children from tobacco smoke in the home. In a pilot study involving 29 smoking families, a Sidepak was used to continuously monitor home PM(2.5) during an 8-h period, Sidepak and/or Dylos monitors provided real-time feedback, and passive nicotine monitors were used to measure home air nicotine for one week. Feedback was provided to participants in the context of motivational interviews. Home PM(2.5) levels recorded by continuous monitoring were not well-accepted by participants because of the noise level. Also, graphs from continuous monitoring showed unexplained peaks, often associated with sources unrelated to indoor smoking, such as cooking, construction, or outdoor sources. This hampered delivery of a persuasive message about the relationship between home smoking and TSAP. By contrast, immediate real-time PM(2.5) feedback (with Sidepak or Dylos monitor) was feasible and provided unambiguous information; the Dylos had the additional advantages of being more economical and quieter. Air nicotine sampling was complicated by the time-lag for feedback and questions regarding shelf-life. Improvement in the science of TSAP measurement in the home environment is needed to encourage and help maintain smoke-free homes and protect vulnerable children. Recent advances in the use of mobile devices for real-time feedback are promising and warrant further development, as do accurate methods for real-time air nicotine air monitoring. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Rosen,L., Zucker,D., Hovell,M., Brown,N., Ram,A., Myers,V. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20151130 PMCID PMC4690906 Editors
Feasibility of conducting a lung-cancer chemoprevention trial among tin miners in Yunnan, P. R. China.	1991	Xuan, X.Z., Yunnan Tin Corporation, Gejiu, Yunnan Province, PRC.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Cancer causes & control : CCC Periodical, Abbrev. Cancer Causes Control Pub Date Free Form / Volume 2 Issue 3 Start Page 175 Other Pages 182 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0957-5243 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Tin miners in Yunnan Province in southern China have an extremely high rate of lung cancer, more than one percent per year among those at 'high risk' (40+ years old, with 10+ years of underground mining and/or smelting experience). The extraordinary lung cancer rates result from combined exposure to radon, arsenic, and tobacco smoking (cigarettes and/or bamboo water pipe). A study to determine the feasibility of conducting a large-scale, lung-cancer chemoprevention trial was conducted in 1986 among currently employed or retired miners from the Yunnan Tin Corporation in the city of Gejiu. The study was designed to answer four questions: (i) Could potentially eligible miners be identified and recruited? (ii) Could intervention agents be shipped successfully from the United States to the study area and be appropriately distributed? (iii) Would miners adequately adhere to the study protocol and comply with the intervention regimen? (iv) Could potential adverse effects be monitored and documented? The six-month feasibility study yielded affirmative answers to each of these questions. A roster of over 7,000 high-risk miners was compiled. Four agents (vitamin A, 25,000 IU; beta-carotene, 50 mg; vitamin E, 800 IU; and selenium, 400 micrograms) were administered daily with placebos to 350 miners according to a 2(4) factorial design. Adherence, assessed by pill counts and serum micronutrient levels, was approximately 90 percent. The findings from this preliminary study indicate that a full-scale, lung-cancer chemoprevention trial in this population is feasible. Descriptors alpha tocopherol, arsenic, radon, retinol, selenium, adult, aged, article, chemically induced disorder, clinical trial, controlled study, feasibility study, human, lung tumor, male, middle aged, occupational disease, patient compliance, radiation injury, risk factor, smoking Links Book Title Database MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Xuan,X. Z., Schatzkin,A., Mao,B. L., Taylor,P. R., Li,J. Y., Tangrea,J., Yao,S. X., Qiao,Y. L., Giffen,C., McAdams,M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Feasibility and Quit Rates of the Tobacco Status Project: A Facebook Smoking Cessation Intervention for Young Adults	2015	Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States. danielle.ramo@ucsf.edu.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of medical Internet research Periodical, Abbrev. J.Med.Internet Res. Pub Date Free Form 31-Dec Volume 17 Issue 12 Start Page e291 Other Pages Notes LR: 20160217; GR: K23 DA018691/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: K23 DA032578/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: K23 DA032578/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: P50 DA009253/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: P50 DA09253/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR Place of Publication Canada ISSN/ISBN 1438-8871; 1438-8871 Accession Number PMID: 26721211 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.2196/jmir.5209 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26721211 Abstract BACKGROUND: Young adult smokers are a challenging group to engage in smoking cessation interventions. With wide reach and engagement among users, Facebook offers opportunity to engage young people in socially supportive communities for quitting smoking and sustaining abstinence. OBJECTIVE: We developed and tested initial efficacy, engagement, and acceptability of the Tobacco Status Project, a smoking cessation intervention for young adults delivered within Facebook. METHODS: The intervention was based on the US Public Health Service Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Transtheoretical Model and enrolled participants into study-run 3-month secret Facebook groups matched on readiness to quit smoking. Cigarette smokers (N=79) aged 18-25, who used Facebook on most days, were recruited via Facebook. All participants received the intervention and were randomized to one of three monetary incentive groups tied to engagement (commenting in groups). Assessments were completed at baseline, 3-, 6-, and 12-months follow-up. Analyses examined retention, smoking outcomes over 12 months (7-day point prevalence abstinence, >/=50% reduction in cigarettes smoked, quit attempts and strategies used, readiness to quit), engagement, and satisfaction with the intervention. RESULTS: Retention was 82% (65/79) at 6 months and 72% (57/79) at 12 months. From baseline to 12-months follow-up, there was a significant increase in the proportion prepared to quit (10/79, 13%; 36/79, 46%, P<.001 over="" a="" third="" reduced="" their="" cigarette="" consumption="" by="" or="" greater="" and="" made="" at="" least="" one="" quit="" attempt="" during="" the="" study.="" in="" an="" intent-to-treat="" analysis="" self-reported="" abstinence="" verified="" biochemically="" follow-up.="" attempts="" used="" nicotine="" replacement="" therapy="" approved="" food="" drug="" administration="" while="" electronic="" delivery="" system="" to="" majority="" commented="" on="" facebook="" post="" with="" more="" commenting="" among="" those="" months="" randomized="" receive="" personal="" monetary="" incentive="" of="" participants="" reported="" reading="" most="" all="" posts.="" highest="" acceptability="" ratings="" intervention="" were="" for="" ease="" thinking="" about="" what="" they="" read="" recommended="" program="" others.="" only="" attended="" optional="" cognitive-behavioral="" counseling="" sessions="" though="" attendance="" was="" high="" overall="" rated="" as="" easy="" understand="" useful="" helpful="" agreed="" conclusions:="" smoking="" is="" attractive="" feasible="" deliver="" early="" efficacy="" data="" are="" encouraging.="" however="" use="" cigarettes="" products="" quitting="" concerning.=""> Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Ramo,D.E., Thrul,J., Chavez,K., Delucchi,K.L., Prochaska,J.J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20151231 PMCID PMC4736286 Editors

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