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Title Sort descending	Pub Year	Author	SearchLink
Particulate matter (PM2.5) and carbon monoxide from secondhand smoke outside bars and restaurants in downtown Athens, Georgia	2011		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of environmental health Periodical, Abbrev. J.Environ.Health Pub Date Free Form Oct Volume 74 Issue 3 Start Page 8 Other Pages 17 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 0405525; 0 (Air Pollutants); 0 (Particulate Matter); 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 7U1EE4V452 (Carbon Monoxide); ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 0022-0892; 0022-0892 Accession Number PMID: 22010328 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22010328 Abstract In the study described in this article, the authors' objective was to measure particles .001). Carbon monoxide levels outside the restaurant and bar sites did not differ significantly from the control. The results of the authors' study indicate that (1) secondhand smoke (SHS) leads to significant increases in PM2.5 outside of restaurants and bars; and (2) although CO can be used as a proxy for SHS in these outdoor environments, its levels remain relatively low. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors St Helen,G., Hall,D.B., Kudon,L.H., Pearce,J., Baptiste,S., Ferguson,S., Green,T., Naeher,L.P. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Particulate matter and carbon monoxide multiple regression models using environmental characteristics in a high diesel-use area of Baguio City, Philippines	2007	The University of Georgia (UGA), College of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health Science, Athens, Georgia, GA 30602-2102, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Science of the total environment Periodical, Abbrev. Sci.Total Environ. Pub Date Free Form 1-Aug Volume 381 Issue 3-Jan Start Page 47 Other Pages 58 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 0330500; 0 (Air Pollutants); 0 (Gasoline); 0 (Particulate Matter); 0 (Vehicle Emissions); 7U1EE4V452 (Carbon Monoxide); 2006/09/12 [received]; 2007/02/20 [revised]; 2007/03/02 [accepted]; 2007/05/03 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 0048-9697; 0048-9697 Accession Number PMID: 17481696 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI S0048-9697(07)00303-8 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 17481696 Abstract In Baguio City, Philippines, a mountainous city of 252,386 people where 61% of motor vehicles use diesel fuel, ambient particulate matter 0.05) from either rush hour PM(2.5) concentration (morning=98+/-7 microg/m3; afternoon=107+/-5 microg/m3) due to nocturnal inversions in spite of a 100% increase in automotive density during rush hours. Early morning street-level CO (3.0+/-1.7 ppm) differed from morning rush hour (4.1+/-2.3 ppm) (p=0.039) and afternoon rush hour (4.5+/-2.2 ppm) (p=0.007). Additionally, PM(2.5), PM(10), CO, nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and select volatile organic compounds were continuously measured at a downtown, third-story monitoring station along a busy roadway for 11 days. Twenty-four-hour average ambient concentrations were: PM(2.5)=72.9+/-21 microg/m3; CO=2.61+/-0.6 ppm; NO2=27.7+/-1.6 ppb; benzene=8.4+/-1.4 microg/m3; ethylbenzene=4.6+/-2.0 microg/m3; p-xylene=4.4+/-1.9 microg/m3; m-xylene=10.2+/-4.4 microg/m3; o-xylene=7.5+/-3.2 microg/m3. The multiple regression models suggest that traffic and wind in Baguio City, Philippines significantly affect street-level pollution concentrations. Ambient PM(2.5) levels measured are above USEPA daily (65 microg/m3) and Filipino/USEPA annual standards (15 microg/m3) with concentrations of a magnitude rarely seen in most countries except in areas where local topography plays a significant role in air pollution entrapment. The elevated pollution concentrations present and the diesel-rich nature of motor vehicle emissions are important pertaining to human exposure and health information and as such warrant public health concern. Descriptors Air Pollutants/analysis, Carbon Monoxide/analysis, Environmental Monitoring, Gasoline, Linear Models, Particle Size, Particulate Matter/analysis, Philippines, Vehicle Emissions/analysis Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Cassidy,B. E., Alabanza-Akers,M. A., Akers,T. A., Hall,D. B., Ryan,P. B., Bayer,C. W., Naeher,L. P. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20070503 PMCID Editors
Particulate matter in classrooms--problem and the impact of cleaning and ventilation with the City of Frankfurt am Main as an example	2008	Abteilung Medizinische Dienste und Hygiene Stadtgesundheitsamt. ursel.heudorf@stadt-frankfurt.de	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Gesundheitswesen (Bundesverband der Arzte des Offentlichen Gesundheitsdienstes (Germany)) Periodical, Abbrev. Gesundheitswesen Pub Date Free Form Apr Volume 70 Issue 4 Start Page 231 Other Pages 238 Notes LR: 20141120; JID: 9204210; 0 (Particulate Matter); ppublish Place of Publication Germany ISSN/ISBN 1439-4421; 0941-3790 Accession Number PMID: 18512197 Language ger SubFile English Abstract; Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1055/s-2008-1077055 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18512197 Abstract BACKGROUND: Indoor air quality in schools, especially the levels of particulate matter in classrooms, have become a matter of great public concern in Germany, Convenient recommendations to improve the hygienic situation in classrooms via cleaning and ventilation are often not followed. Here, data on particulate matter in the indoor air of classrooms, before and after intensified cleaning, are reported. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In the winter of 2006, analyses for particulate matter were done in two primary schools in Frankfurt/M, one of them located in a rural area the other one in an inner city area of Frankfurt/M. Particulate matter (PM10) was analysed by laser beam technology, the data documented every five minutes from 8 am to 2 pm. In parallel, a documentation of the number of persons present in the room, their activity and ventilation was done according to a standardised protocol. Measurements were collected for a period of three weeks. During the first week, the normal school situation was analysed, i.e., the classrooms were ventilated as usual and were cleaned by wet wiping twice a week. During the second and third weeks, the rooms were cleaned every day, so that the effect of intensified cleaning could be studied. In winter 2007, these measurements were continued for one week in two classrooms of a passive house school, following the identical study protocol. RESULTS: During the first week--wet cleaning twice a week--mean particulate concentrations of 86 microg/m3 (median 60 microg/m3) were obtained, during the 2nd and 3rd weeks--wet cleaning every school day mean concentrations of 60 microg/m3 (median 53 microg/m3)--with great differences on different days. Especially during and after handicraft (casting candles) lessons, maximum levels up to >1000 microg/m3 were analysed. Although an impact of cleaning on levels of indoor particles could be established, indoor PM10 levels were dominated by indoor factors, such as occupancy and activity of the persons in the room. After substraction of the outdoor PM10 levels from the indoor levels, the "indoor part" was ca. 50 microg/m3 before, and ca. 30 microg/m3 during intensified cleaning. Further detailed investigations showed the predominance of particles >1 microm indoors, which could easily be diminished by cleaning and ventilation. Indoor particles <0.5 microm, however, were increased via ventilation. CONCLUSION: In classrooms, generally higher indoor levels of air particulate matter are detected than outdoors. Particulate matter in the indoor air of classrooms is to be considered as an indicator of low hygiene and of increased and avoidable heath risk for pupils and teachers. Our data indicate the relevance of cleaning--and with regard to PM <1 microm also of ventilation--for the reduction of particulate matter in classrooms. Therefore, these measures should be taken to improve indoor air quality in schools. Descriptors Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis/statistics & numerical data, Cities/statistics & numerical data, Environmental Restoration and Remediation/statistics & numerical data, Germany, Particulate Matter/analysis, Schools/statistics & numerical data, Ventilation/statistics & numerical data Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Heudorf,U. Original/Translated Title Feinstaubbelastung in Schulen--Untersuchungsergebnisse und Losungsansatze am Beispiel der Stadt Frankfurt am Main URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Particulate Matter in Second-Hand Smoke Emitted from Different Cigarette Sizes and Types of the Brand Vogue Mainly Smoked by Women	2016	Institute of Occupational Medicine, Social Medicine and Environmental Medicine, Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Haus 9b, Frankfurt am Main 60590, Germany. nora.kant@yahoo.de.; Institute of Occupational Medicine, Social Medicine and Environmental M	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full International journal of environmental research and public health Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Environ.Res.Public.Health. Pub Date Free Form 8-Aug Volume 13 Issue 8 Start Page 10.3390/ijerph13080799 Other Pages Notes JID: 101238455; OTO: NOTNLM; 2016/06/14 [received]; 2016/07/27 [revised]; 2016/07/29 [accepted]; epublish Place of Publication Switzerland ISSN/ISBN 1660-4601; 1660-4601 Accession Number PMID: 27509517 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.3390/ijerph13080799 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 27509517 Abstract Indoor air pollution with harmful particulate matter (PM) is mainly caused by cigarette smoke. Super-Slim-Size-Cigarettes (SSL) are considered a less harmful alternative to King-Size-Cigarettes (KSC) due to longer filters and relatively low contents. We ask if "Combined Mainstream and Sidestream Smoke" (CMSS)-associated PM levels of SSL are lower than of KSC and thus are potentially less harmful. PM concentrations in CMSS (PM10, PM2.5, and PM(1)) are measured from four cigarette types of the brand Vogue, using an "automatic-environmental-tobacco-smoke-emitter" (AETSE) and laser aerosol spectrometry: SSL-BLEUE, -MENTHE, -LILAS and KSC-La Cigarette and -3R4F reference. This analysis shows that SSL MENTHE emitted the highest amount of PM, and KSC-La Cigarette the lowest. 3R4F reference emitted PM in the middle range, exceeding SSL BLEUE and falling slightly below SSL LILAS. It emerged that PM(1) constituted the biggest proportion of PM emission. The outcome shows significant type-specific differences for emitted PM concentrations. Our results indicate that SSL are potentially more harmful for passive smokers than the respective KSC. However, this study cannot give precise statements about the general influence of the size of a cigarette on PM. Alarming is that PM(1) is responsible for the biggest proportion of PM pollution, since smaller particles cause more harmful effects. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Kant,N., Muller,R., Braun,M., Gerber,A., Groneberg,D. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20160808 PMCID Editors
Passive exposure to electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use increases desire for combustible and e-cigarettes in young adult smokers	2015	Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.; Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.; Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, Uni	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tobacco control Periodical, Abbrev. Tob.Control Pub Date Free Form Sep Volume 24 Issue 5 Start Page 501 Other Pages 504 Notes LR: 20160823; CI: Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.; GR: P30 CA014599/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: P3 Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1468-3318; 0964-4563 Accession Number PMID: 24848637 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2014-051563 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24848637 Abstract BACKGROUND: Passive exposure to combustible cigarette use has been shown to act as a cue to increase smoking urge. Given the resemblance of e-cigarettes and other electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) to combustible cigarettes, we examined whether these devices could also act as a cue to increase smoking desire and urges in those passively exposed. METHODS: Young adult daily smokers (age 18-35 years; N=60) completed subjective ratings before and after exposure to a study confederate drinking bottled water (control cue) and then smoking either a combustible or e-cigarette (active cue). Smoking desire and urge ratings were measured with visual analogue scale items for desire for a regular and an e-cigarette and the Brief Questionnaire of Smoking Urges. RESULTS: Passive exposure to both the e-cigarette and combustible cigarette cue significantly increased observers' ratings of desire and urge to smoke a regular cigarette (all ps Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors King,A.C., Smith,L.J., McNamara,P.J., Matthews,A.K., Fridberg,D.J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20140521 PMCID PMC4992990 Editors
Passive versus active parental permission: implications for the ability of school-based depression screening to reach youth at risk	2008	Psychology, PGSP-Stanford Consortium, 247 San Carlos Ave, Redwood City, CA 94061, USA. mpcpsyd@stanford.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Journal of school health Periodical, Abbrev. J.Sch.Health Pub Date Free Form Mar Volume 78 Issue 3 Start Page 157 Other Pages 64; quiz 184-6 Notes LR: 20151119; GR: R01 MH079402/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 MH079402-01A2/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States; GR: R24 HD042828/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States; GR: R24 HD042828-10/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States; JID: 0376370; NIHMS99261; OID: NLM: NIH Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 0022-4391; 0022-4391 Accession Number PMID: 18307611 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; IM; N DOI 10.1111/j.1746-1561.2007.00278.x [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18307611 Abstract BACKGROUND: Depression is prevalent among children and adolescents and often goes untreated with adverse effects on academic success and healthy development. Depression screening can facilitate early identification and timely referral to prevention and treatment programs. Conducting school-based emotional health screening, however, raises the controversial issue of how to obtain informed parental permission. METHODS: During implementation of a depression screening program in an urban school district in the Pacific Northwest, the district's parental permission protocol changed from passive (information provided to parents via a school mailer with parents having the option to actively decline their child's participation) to active (information provided to parents via a school mailer requiring the written permission of the parents for their child's participation). This change provided an opportunity to examine differences in participation under these 2 conditions. RESULTS: A total of 1533 students were enrolled in this program across both years. Compared to conditions of passive permission, participation was dramatically reduced when children were required to have written parental permission, dropping from 85% to 66% of eligible children. Furthermore, under conditions of active parental permission, participation decreased differentially among student subgroups with increased risk for depression. CONCLUSIONS: Successful implementation of school-based emotional health screening programs requires careful consideration of how to inform and obtain permission from parents. Descriptors Adult, Child, Child Behavior/psychology, Correspondence as Topic, Depression/diagnosis, Education, Continuing, Ethnic Groups, Female, Humans, Male, Mass Screening, Middle Aged, Parental Consent/psychology, Parental Notification, Parents/psychology, Patient Compliance/statistics & numerical data, School Health Services, Schools, Students/psychology, Surveys and Questionnaires, Urban Population, Washington Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Chartier,M., Stoep,A. V., McCauley,E., Herting,J. R., Tracy,M., Lymp,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID PMC2713664 Editors
Patent foramen ovale and decompression illness in divers	2010	Seksjon for pediatri, Institutt for klinisk medisin, Universitetet i Bergen, Norway.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tidsskrift for den Norske laegeforening : tidsskrift for praktisk medicin, ny raekke Periodical, Abbrev. Tidsskr.Nor.Laegeforen. Pub Date Free Form 22-Apr Volume 130 Issue 8 Start Page 834 Other Pages 838 Notes JID: 0413423; RF: 41; ppublish Place of Publication Norway ISSN/ISBN 0807-7096; 0029-2001 Accession Number PMID: 20418929 Language nor SubFile English Abstract; Journal Article; Review; IM DOI 10.4045/tidsskr.09.0377 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 20418929 Abstract BACKGROUND: About 25 % of the population has patent foramen ovale, and the condition has been assumed to be a causal factor in decompressive illness. Transcatheter closure is possible and is associated with a relatively low risk, but it has not been clarified whether there is an indication for assessment and treatment of the condition in divers. The present study explored a possible relationship between a patent foramen ovale and the risk for decompression illness in divers, if there are categories of divers that should be screened for the condition and what advice should be given to divers with this condition. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The review is based on literature identified through a search in Pubmed and the authors' long clinical experience in the field. RESULTS: The risk of decompression illness for divers with a persistent foramen ovale is about five times higher than that in divers without this condition, but the absolute risk for decompression illness is only 2.5 after 10,000 dives. A causal association has not been shown between patent foramen ovale and decompression illness. Even if closure of patent foramen ovale may be done with relatively small risk, the usefulness of the procedure has not been documented in divers. INTERPRETATION: We do not recommend screening for patent foramen ovale in divers because the absolute risk of decompression illness is small and transcatheter closure is only indicated after decompression illness in some occupational divers. Descriptors Decompression Sickness/etiology, Diving/injuries, Echocardiography, Transesophageal, Foramen Ovale, Patent/complications/diagnosis/therapy, Humans, Occupational Health, Risk Factors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Sivertsen,W., Risberg,J., Norgard,G. Original/Translated Title Apent foramen ovale og trykkfallssyke hos dykkere URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Patent foramen ovale and decompression sickness in divers	1989	Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Lancet (London, England) Periodical, Abbrev. Lancet Pub Date Free Form 11-Mar Volume 1 Issue 8637 Start Page 513 Other Pages 514 Notes LR: 20150616; JID: 2985213R; CIN: Lancet. 1990 Sep 1;336(8714):568. PMID: 1975062; ppublish Place of Publication ENGLAND ISSN/ISBN 0140-6736; 0140-6736 Accession Number PMID: 2564057 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; AIM; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 2564057 Abstract 30 patients with a history of decompression sickness were examined for the presence of patent foramen ovale by bubble contrast, two-dimensional echocardiography and colour flow doppler imaging. With bubble contrast, 11 (37%) of the patients had right-to-left shunting through a patent foramen ovale during spontaneous breathing. 61% of a subset of 18 patients with serious signs and symptoms had shunting. This number was significantly higher than the 5% prevalence seen with the same diagnostic technique in 176 healthy volunteers. The presence of patent foramen ovale seems to be a risk factor for the development of decompression sickness in divers. Descriptors Acute Disease, Adolescent, Adult, Child, Decompression Sickness/etiology, Diving/adverse effects, Echocardiography, Echocardiography, Doppler, Female, Heart Septal Defects, Atrial/complications/diagnosis/physiopathology, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Valsalva Maneuver Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Moon,R. E., Camporesi,E. M., Kisslo,J. A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Patent foramen ovale and diving	2005	Centre for Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy, Military Hospital Brussels, Bruynstraat 200, Brussels 1120, Belgium. peter.germonpre@mil.be	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Cardiology clinics Periodical, Abbrev. Cardiol.Clin. Pub Date Free Form Feb Volume 23 Issue 1 Start Page 97 Other Pages 104 Notes LR: 20091103; JID: 8300331; RF: 60; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 0733-8651; 0733-8651 Accession Number PMID: 15676273 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Review; IM DOI S0733-8651(04)00082-7 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 15676273 Abstract Patency of the foramen ovale is a risk factor for DCS in SCUBA divers, even if they adhere to the currently accepted and used decompression tables. The primary cause of DCS, however, is the nitrogen bubble, not the PFO. There are a number of techniques any diver can use to minimize the occurrence of nitrogen bubbles after a dive. The authors current practice is to inform civilian sports divers of the increased risk and to advise them to adopt conservative dive profiles. This can be achieved by selecting a more conservative dive computer, performing only dives that do not require obligatory decompression stops, or using oxygen-enriched breathing gas mixtures("nitrox") while still diving on "air profiles" [56].Dive-safety organizations are currently under-taking studies aimed at proposing changes in the decompression algorithms to produce low-bubble dive tables [12]. In the meantime, PFO remains a reason for caution. Whether all divers should be screened for PFOis an ongoing discussion [50] in view of methodologic and practical issues outlined in this article. Any definitive recommendations can be made only after a careful, prospective evaluation of the real relative risk for DCS and long-term cerebral damage. Descriptors Decompression Sickness/epidemiology/physiopathology, Diving/adverse effects, Embolism/etiology/physiopathology, Heart Septal Defects, Atrial/epidemiology/physiopathology, Humans, Risk Factors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Germonpre,P. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Patent foramen ovale and the risk of paradoxical embolization of venous bubbles in divers - cave for foam sclerotization of varicose veins	2012	Kardiologicka klinika. jakub.honek@gmail.com	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Rozhledy v chirurgii : mesicnik Ceskoslovenske chirurgicke spolecnosti Periodical, Abbrev. Rozhl.Chir. Pub Date Free Form Jul Volume 91 Issue 7 Start Page 378 Other Pages 380 Notes JID: 9815441; ppublish Place of Publication Czech Republic ISSN/ISBN 0035-9351; 0035-9351 Accession Number PMID: 23078256 Language cze SubFile English Abstract; Journal Article; IM DOI 38891 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23078256 Abstract INTRODUCTION: Foam sclerotization of varicose veins may cause paradoxical embolization through patent foramen ovale (PFO). The aim of our study was to: 1) select an optimal screening method for the detection of PFO; 2) determine the prevalence of PFO in a non-selected population; and 3) test the risk of paradoxical embolization of venous bubbles in patients with PFO. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A diver after decompression is a suitable model for determining the risk of paradoxical embolization of venous gas bubbles. 329 Czech divers were screened for PFO. In a pilot study, we compared Transcranial Doppler Sonography (TCD) with Transesophageal Echocardiography (TEE) in 100 patients. TCD alone was used for further screening. In 31 divers with PFO, nitrogen bubbles were detected after simulated dives. Transthoracic Echocardiography (TTE) was used to detect venous bubbles in right-sided heart chambers; TTE and TCD were used to detect arterial bubbles. The right-to-left shunt was rated as non-significant ( Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Honek,J., Honek,T., Januska,J., Sebesta,P., Novotny,S., Sefc,L., Fiedler,J., Sramek,M., Horvath,M., Parobkova,M. Original/Translated Title Perzistence foramen ovale patens a riziko paradoxni embolizace zilnich bublin u potapecu - cave pro sklerotizaci varixu penovou metodou URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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