WTS database

Title	Pub Year	Author Sort descending	SearchLink
Public health implications of waterpipe tobacco use in the United States warrant initial steps towards assessing dependence	2016	Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, UPMC Montefiore Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.; Center for Research on Media, Technology and Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Addiction (Abingdon, England) Periodical, Abbrev. Addiction Pub Date Free Form May Volume 111 Issue 5 Start Page 937 Other Pages 938 Notes LR: 20160429; GR: R01 CA140150/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R21 CA185767/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9304118; CON: Addiction. 2016 Feb;111(2):351-9. PMID: 26417942; CON: Addiction. 2016 May;111(5):936. PMID: 26841019; 2016/01/15 [received]; 20 Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1360-0443; 0965-2140 Accession Number PMID: 26987303 Language eng SubFile Comment; Letter; IM DOI 10.1111/add.13316 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26987303 Abstract Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Sidani,J.E., Shensa,A., Shiffman,S., Switzer,G.E., Primack,B.A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20160314 PMCID Editors
Behavioral associations with waterpipe tobacco smoking dependence among US young adults	2016	Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, UPMC Montefiore Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.; Center for Research on Media, Technology, and Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Addiction (Abingdon, England) Periodical, Abbrev. Addiction Pub Date Free Form Feb Volume 111 Issue 2 Start Page 351 Other Pages 359 Notes LR: 20160117; CI: (c) 2015; GR: R01 CA140150/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01-CA140150/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9304118; CIN: Addiction. 2016 May;111(5):937-8. PMID: 26987303; CIN: Addiction. 2016 May;111(5):936. PMID: 26841019; NIHMS722601 Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1360-0443; 0965-2140 Accession Number PMID: 26417942 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1111/add.13163 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26417942 Abstract BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) is increasingly prevalent in the United States, especially among young adults. We aimed to (1) adapt items from established dependence measures into a WTS dependence scale for US young adults (the US Waterpipe Dependence Scale), (2) determine the factor structure of the items and (3) assess associations between scale values and behavioral use characteristics known to be linked to dependence. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey. SETTING: United States. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 436 past-year waterpipe tobacco users ages 18-30 years selected at random from a national probability-based panel. MEASUREMENTS: Participants responded to six tobacco dependence items adapted for WTS in US populations. Behavioral use characteristics included factors such as frequency of use and age of initiation. FINDINGS: Principal components analysis yielded an unambiguous one-factor solution. Approximately half (52.9%) of past-year waterpipe tobacco users received a score of 0, indicating that none of the six WTS dependence items were endorsed. Approximately one-quarter (25.4%) endorsed one dependence item and 22.7% endorsed two or more items. Higher WTS dependence scores were associated significantly with all five behavioral use characteristics. For example, compared with those who endorsed no dependence items, those who endorsed two or more had an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of 3.90 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.56-9.78] for having had earlier age of initiation and an AOR of 32.75 (95% CI = 9.76-109.86) for more frequent WTS sessions. CONCLUSIONS: Scores on a six-item waterpipe tobacco smoking dependence scale (the US Waterpipe Dependence Scale) correlate with measures that would be expected to be related to dependence, such as amount used and age of initiation. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Society for the Study of Addiction Data Source Authors Sidani,J.E., Shensa,A., Shiffman,S., Switzer,G.E., Primack,B.A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20151029 PMCID PMC4715762 Editors
Water pipe steam stones: familiarity and use among US young adults	2015	Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, UPMC Montefiore Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA; Center for Research on Media, Technology, and Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; sidanije@	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Jan Volume 17 Issue 1 Start Page 114 Other Pages 118 Notes LR: 20160101; CI: (c) The Author 2014; GR: R01 CA140150/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01-CA140150/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R21 CA185767/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9815751; 0 (Steam); OID: NLM: PMC4318932; 2014/08/21 [aheadofprint]; p Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-994X; 1462-2203 Accession Number PMID: 25145376 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 10.1093/ntr/ntu137 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25145376 Abstract INTRODUCTION: Water pipe tobacco smoking (WTS) is associated with substantial toxicant exposure. Water pipe steam stones (WSS) are marketed as a healthier alternative. The purpose of this study was to determine, in a nationally representative sample, young adults' familiarity with, perceptions regarding, and use of WSS. METHODS: A survey about WTS was completed by 3,253 members of an online nonvolunteer access panel. Four items specifically addressed WSS. RESULTS: Of the 228 individuals who had heard of WSS, 17% (n = 41) reported using them. Use was associated with ever (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 7.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.7-21.8) and current (AOR = 16.1, 95% CI = 5.1-51.5) WTS. Compared with those who thought that WSS had about the same harm as WTS, those who thought that WSS was "a lot less harmful" to a person's health had substantially higher odds of having tried WSS (AOR = 6.8, 95% CI = 2.0-23.1). CONCLUSIONS: Approximately 1 in 6 young adults who have heard of WSS used them. WSS use is associated with the perception of reduced harm. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher . Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Data Source Authors Sidani,J.E., Shensa,A., Primack,B.A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20140821 PMCID PMC4318932 Editors
Initiation, Progression, and Sustained Waterpipe Use: A Nationally Representative Longitudinal Study of U.S. Young Adults	2017	Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, UPMC Montefiore Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. sidanije@upmc.edu.; Center for Research on Media, Technology, and Health, University (TRUNCATED	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology Periodical, Abbrev. Cancer Epidemiol.Biomarkers Prev. Pub Date Free Form May Volume 26 Issue 5 Start Page 748 Other Pages 755 Notes LR: 20181113; CI: (c)2017; GR: R01 CA140150/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9200608; NIHMS842715; 2016/08/29 00:00 [received]; 2016/11/28 00:00 [revised]; 2016/12/13 00:00 [accepted]; 2017/01/14 06:00 [pubmed]; 2018/03/06 06:00 [medline]; 2017/01/14 06 Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1538-7755; 1055-9965 Accession Number PMID: 28082346 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-16-0687-T [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 28082346 Abstract Background: Waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) is increasing in popularity despite evidence of harm and potential for dependence. Intervention development has been hampered by a lack of longitudinal, nationally representative data on usage patterns and factors independently associated with WTS initiation. Therefore, we aimed to characterize key transitions between WTS states in a nationally representative group of young adults, with particular attention to factors independently associated with initiation.Methods: Participants were randomly selected from a national probability-based panel representing 97% of the United States. A total of 1,785 adults ages 18 to 30 at baseline completed two Web-based surveys 18 months apart in 2013 and 2014. Assessments included knowledge of waterpipe tobacco smoke composition, positive and negative attitudes toward WTS, normative beliefs, intention to use waterpipe, and WTS behavior. We used multivariable logistic regression to assess the association between predictive factors and subsequent WTS initiation.Results: In fully adjusted models, overall knowledge about toxicants associated with WTS was not associated with subsequent WTS initiation. Similarly, negative attitudes and normative beliefs were not associated with WTS uptake. However, baseline positive attitudes were strongly and significantly associated with WTS initiation [adjusted OR (AOR) = 1.7; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.2-2.3]. Similarly, baseline intention to use WTS was strongly associated with subsequent initiation (AOR = 7.0; 95% CI, 3.5-13.7).Conclusions: Prevention efforts may be most successful if they target individuals with clear intentions to use WTS and challenge positive attitudes surrounding WTS.Impact: Surveillance of WTS trajectories will help inform health care and policy surrounding this emerging risk behavior among U.S. young adults. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(5); 748-55. (c)2017 AACR. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher American Association for Cancer Research Data Source Authors Sidani,J.E., Shensa,A., Naidu,M.R., Yabes,J.G., Primack,B.A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20170112 PMCID PMC5413431 Editors
Associations between hookah tobacco smoking knowledge and hookah smoking behavior among US college students	2013	Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Health education research Periodical, Abbrev. Health Educ.Res. Pub Date Free Form Feb Volume 28 Issue 1 Start Page 92 Other Pages 100 Notes LR: 20151119; GR: K07 CA114315/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 CA140150/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01-CA140150/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 8608459; OID: NLM: PMC3549589; 2012/09/17 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1465-3648; 0268-1153 Accession Number PMID: 22987864 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; T DOI 10.1093/her/cys095 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22987864 Abstract Hookah tobacco smoking is increasing among US college students, including those who would not otherwise use tobacco. Part of hookah's appeal is attributed to the perception that hookah is less harmful than cigarettes. The aims of this study were to assess knowledge of harmful exposures associated with hookah smoking relative to cigarette smoking and to determine associations between this knowledge and hookah smoking outcomes. Students (N = 852) at the University of Florida were randomly sampled via e-mail to obtain information on demographics, hookah smoking behavior and knowledge of five exposures (e.g. tar and nicotine). Multivariable logistic regression models assessed independent associations between knowledge and hookah smoking outcomes. Of the five factual knowledge items asked, 475 (55.8%) of the respondents answered none correctly. In multivariable models, correct responses to any knowledge items were not associated with lower odds of hookah smoking or susceptibility to hookah smoking in the future. Although college students are largely unaware of the toxicant exposures associated with hookah smoking, there is little association between knowledge and hookah smoking behavior. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Nuzzo,E., Shensa,A., Kim,K.H., Fine,M.J., Barnett,T.E., Cook,R., Primack,B.A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20120917 PMCID PMC3549589 Editors
Other tobacco product and electronic cigarette use among homeless cigarette smokers	2016	Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Boston Health Care for the Homeless Program, Boston, MA, United States. Electronic	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Addictive Behaviors Periodical, Abbrev. Addict.Behav. Pub Date Free Form Sep Volume 60 Issue Start Page 124 Other Pages 130 Notes LR: 20160609; CI: Copyright (c) 2016; GR: K23 DA034008/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; JID: 7603486; NIHMS782223; OID: NLM: NIHMS782223 [Available on 09/01/17]; OID: NLM: PMC4898780 [Available on 09/01/17]; OTO: NOTNLM; PMCR: 2017/09/01 00:00; 2015/08/19 [ Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1873-6327; 0306-4603 Accession Number PMID: 27128808 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.04.006 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 27128808 Abstract OBJECTIVE: We determined the prevalence and correlates of other tobacco product and electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use in a clinic-based sample of homeless cigarette smokers. METHODS: In April-July 2014, we used time-location sampling to conduct a cross-sectional, in-person survey of 306 currently homeless adult cigarette smokers recruited from 5 clinical sites at Boston Health Care for the Homeless Program. We assessed past-month use of large cigars, little cigars, smokeless tobacco, and e-cigarettes. Among those who had used e-cigarettes, we assessed the reasons for doing so. We used logistic regression analysis to identify the participant characteristics associated with the use of each product. RESULTS: Eighty-six percent of eligible individuals participated in the survey. In the past month, 37% of respondents used large cigars, 44% used little cigars, 8% used smokeless tobacco, 24% used an e-cigarette, and 68% used any of these products. Reasons for e-cigarette use included curiosity (85%) and to help quit conventional cigarettes (69%). In multivariable regression analyses, homeless smokers with greater subsistence difficulties were more likely to use little cigars (p=0.01) and less likely to use e-cigarettes (p=0.001). Non-Hispanic black (p=0.01), Hispanic (p Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier Ltd Data Source Authors Baggett,T.P., Campbell,E.G., Chang,Y., Rigotti,N.A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20160419 PMCID PMC4898780 Editors
US college students' use of tobacco products: results of a national survey	2000	Division of General Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Staniford St, 9th Floor, Boston, MA 02114, USA. nrigotti@partners.org	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Jama Periodical, Abbrev. JAMA Pub Date Free Form 9-Aug Volume 284 Issue 6 Start Page 699 Other Pages 705 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 7501160; ppublish Place of Publication UNITED STATES ISSN/ISBN 0098-7484; 0098-7484 Accession Number PMID: 10927777 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; AIM; IM DOI joc00488 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 10927777 Abstract CONTEXT: Adults aged 18 to 24 years, many of whom are in college, represent the youngest legal targets for tobacco industry marketing. Cigarette smoking has been described among college students, but little is known about non-cigarette tobacco use by college students or cigar use by adults of any age. OBJECTIVES: To assess the prevalence of all forms of tobacco use (cigarettes, cigars, pipes, and smokeless tobacco) among US college students and to identify student- and college-level factors associated with use of each product. DESIGN: The Harvard College Alcohol Survey, a self-administered survey conducted in 1999. SETTING: One hundred nineteen nationally representative US 4-year colleges. SUBJECTS: A total of 14,138 randomly selected students (60% response rate). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Self-report of current (in the past 30 days), past-year, and lifetime use of cigarettes, cigars, pipes, smokeless tobacco, and all tobacco products. RESULTS: Nearly half (45.7%) of respondents had used a tobacco product in the past year and one third (32.9%) currently used tobacco. Cigarettes accounted for most of the tobacco use (28.5% current prevalence), but cigar use was also substantial (37.1% lifetime prevalence, 23.0% past-year prevalence, and 8.5% current prevalence) and combinations of the 2 were common. Total tobacco use was higher in men than in women (37. 9% vs 29.7%; P<.001), despite nearly identical current cigarette smoking rates between the sexes (28.5% for women vs 28.4% for men), because of greater use of cigars (current prevalence, 15.7% vs 3.9%; P<.001) and smokeless tobacco (current prevalence, 8.7% vs 0.4%; P<. 001) by men. Tobacco use was significantly higher among white students (P<.001), users of other substances (alcohol and marijuana) (P<.001), and students whose priorities were social rather than educational or athletic (P<.05). Among students who had used both cigars and cigarettes, only 8.9% smoked cigars at an earlier age than they had smoked cigarettes. CONCLUSION: Our study indicates that tobacco use is common among college students and is not limited to cigarettes. College appears to be a time when many students are trying a range of tobacco products and are in danger of developing lifelong nicotine dependence. National efforts to monitor and reduce tobacco use of all types should expand to focus on college students and other young adults. JAMA. 2000;284:699-705 Descriptors Adolescent, Adult, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Logistic Models, Male, Plants, Toxic, Prevalence, Smoking/epidemiology, Students/statistics & numerical data, Surveys and Questionnaires, Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiology, Tobacco, Smokeless, United States/epidemiology, Universities/statistics & numerical data Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Rigotti,N. A., Lee,J. E., Wechsler,H. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Analysis of cancer genomes reveals basic features of human aging and its role in cancer development	2016	Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.; Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massac	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nature communications Periodical, Abbrev. Nat.Commun. Pub Date Free Form 12-Aug Volume 7 Issue Start Page 12157 Other Pages Notes JID: 101528555; 2015/11/05 [received]; 2016/06/07 [accepted]; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 2041-1723; 2041-1723 Accession Number PMID: 27515585 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1038/ncomms12157 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 27515585 Abstract Somatic mutations have long been implicated in aging and disease, but their impact on fitness and function is difficult to assess. Here by analysing human cancer genomes we identify mutational patterns associated with aging. Our analyses suggest that age-associated mutation load and burden double approximately every 8 years, similar to the all-cause mortality doubling time. This analysis further reveals variance in the rate of aging among different human tissues, for example, slightly accelerated aging of the reproductive system. Age-adjusted mutation load and burden correlate with the corresponding cancer incidence and precede it on average by 15 years, pointing to pre-clinical cancer development times. Behaviour of mutation load also exhibits gender differences and late-life reversals, explaining some gender-specific and late-life patterns in cancer incidence rates. Overall, this study characterizes some features of human aging and offers a mechanism for age being a risk factor for the onset of cancer. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Podolskiy,D.I., Lobanov,A.V., Kryukov,G.V., Gladyshev,V.N. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20160812 PMCID Editors
Adolescent cigarette smokers' and non-cigarette smokers' use of alternative tobacco products	2012	Division of Health Affairs, College of Medicine, Florida State University, 1115 W. Call Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA. charles.saunders@med.fsu.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Aug Volume 14 Issue 8 Start Page 977 Other Pages 985 Notes JID: 9815751; 2012/02/07 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-994X; 1462-2203 Accession Number PMID: 22318693 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1093/ntr/ntr323 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22318693 Abstract INTRODUCTION: This study uses the most recent data from the nationally representative National Youth Tobacco Survey (NYTS) to examine the use of alternative tobacco products among U.S. cigarette smokers and non-cigarette smokers aged 14-17. Alternative tobacco product use is defined as use of one or more of the following products: smokeless tobacco, cigars, pipes, bidis, or kreteks. METHODS: Using the results from the 2004, 2006, and 2009 NYTS, multivariate logistic regressions were used to investigate separately the extent of alternative tobacco product use in current cigarette smokers and in those who reported not smoking cigarettes controlling for demographic and other independent influences. RESULTS: The results indicate that for adolescent smokers and nonsmokers, the use of one type of alternative tobacco product made it much more likely the individual would use one or more of the other alternative tobacco products. Non-cigarette smokers using these tobacco products appeared to exhibit symptoms of nicotine dependence comparable to those of cigarette smokers. CONCLUSIONS: More information on adolescent use of alternative tobacco products is needed. Current cigarette use declined 3.4% annually over 2004-2009 for the NYTS 14- to 17-year-old population, but this cohort's use of alternative tobacco products was unchanged. The number of adolescents aged 14-17 who did not smoke cigarettes but used alternative tobacco products increased 5.9% per year over the same period. Current surveillance measures need to be expanded in order to gain a more comprehensive understanding of adolescent alternative tobacco use. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Saunders,C., Geletko,K. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20120207 PMCID Editors
Is exposure to secondhand smoke associated with cognitive parameters of children and adolescents?--a systematic literature review	2013	Division of Health and Social Care Research, King's College London, London, UK. Electronic address: ruoling.chen@kcl.ac.uk.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Annals of Epidemiology Periodical, Abbrev. Ann.Epidemiol. Pub Date Free Form Oct Volume 23 Issue 10 Start Page 652 Other Pages 661 Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2013; JID: 9100013; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); OTO: NOTNLM; 2012/11/05 [received]; 2013/06/17 [revised]; 2013/07/01 [accepted]; 2013/08/19 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1873-2585; 1047-2797 Accession Number PMID: 23969303 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review; IM DOI 10.1016/j.annepidem.2013.07.001 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23969303 Abstract PURPOSE: Despite the known association of second hand smoke (SHS) with increased risk of ill health and mortality, the effects of SHS exposure on cognitive functioning in children and adolescents are unclear. Through a critical review of the literature we sought to determine whether a relationship exists between these variables. METHODS: The authors systematically reviewed articles (dated 1989-2012) that investigated the association between SHS exposure (including in utero due to SHS exposure by pregnant women) and performance on neurocognitive and academic tests. Eligible studies were identified from searches of Web of Knowledge, MEDLINE, Science Direct, Google Scholar, CINAHL, EMBASE, Zetoc, and Clinicaltrials.gov. RESULTS: Fifteen articles were identified, of which 12 showed inverse relationships between SHS and cognitive parameters. Prenatal SHS exposure was inversely associated with neurodevelopmental outcomes in young children, whereas postnatal SHS exposure was associated with poor academic achievement and neurocognitive performance in older children and adolescents. Furthermore, SHS exposure was associated with an increased risk of neurodevelopmental delay. CONCLUSIONS: Recommendations should be made to the public to avoid sources of SHS and future research should investigate interactions between SHS exposure and other risk factors for delayed neurodevelopment and poor cognitive performance. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc Data Source Authors Chen,R., Clifford,A., Lang,L., Anstey,K.J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20130819 PMCID Editors

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