WTS database

Title	Pub Year Sort descending	Author	SearchLink
Perceptions about e-cigarette safety may lead to e-smoking during pregnancy	2014		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic Periodical, Abbrev. Bull.Menninger Clin. Pub Date Free Form Summer Volume 78 Issue 3 Start Page 243 Other Pages 252 Notes LR: 20151029; GR: DA026539/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: DA09167/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: K01 DA026539/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R03 DA029167/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; JID: 7507032; NIHMS696463; OID: NLM: NIHMS696463; OID: NLM Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1943-2828; 0025-9284 Accession Number PMID: 25247743 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1521/bumc.2014.78.3.243 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25247743 Abstract Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are nicotine-delivery devices that are increasingly used, especially by young people. Because e-cigarettes lack many of the substances found in regular tobacco, they are often perceived as a safer smoking alternative, especially in high-risk situations such as pregnancy. However, studies suggest that it is exposure to nicotine that is most detrimental to prenatal development. The authors studied perceptions of tobacco and e-cigarette health risks using a multiple-choice survey. To study the perceived safety of e-cigarettes versus tobacco cigarettes, 184 modified Global Health Youth Surveys (WHO, http://www.who.int/tobacco/surveillance/gyts/en/ ) were completed electronically or on paper. Age range, smoking status, and perceptions about tobacco cigarettes and e-cigarettes were studied. The results verified that younger people use e-cigarettes more than older people. Tobacco cigarettes were perceived as more harmful than e-cigarettes to health in general, including lung cancer and pregnancy. Although more research is necessary, the authors postulate that the perception that e-cigarettes are safer during pregnancy may induce pregnant women to use these devices more freely. Given that nicotine is known to cause fetal harm, pregnant mothers who smoke e-cigarettes could cause even greater harm to the fetus because e-cigarettes are perceived as being safer than tobacco cigarettes. Until more data about the effects of nicotine during pregnancy are available, the authors advocate for labeling of e-cigarettes as potentially harmful, at least during pregnancy. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Baeza-Loya,S., Viswanath,H., Carter,A., Molfese,D.L., Velasquez,K.M., Baldwin,P.R., Thompson-Lake,D.G., Sharp,C., Fowler,J.C., De La Garza,R.,2nd, Salas,R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID PMC4458373 Editors
Flying after diving: in-flight echocardiography after a scuba diving week	2014	DAN Europe Research Division, Roseto degli Abruzzi, Italy.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Aviat.Space Environ.Med. Pub Date Free Form Oct Volume 85 Issue 10 Start Page 993 Other Pages 998 Notes LR: 20150514; JID: 7501714; CIN: Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2015 May;86(5):488. PMID: 25945669; CIN: Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2015 May;86(5):489. PMID: 25945670; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 0095-6562; 0095-6562 Accession Number PMID: 25245898 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM; S DOI 10.3357/ASEM.3805.2014 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25245898 Abstract INTRODUCTION: Flying after diving may increase decompression sickness risk (DCS), but strong evidence indicating minimum preflight surface intervals (PFSI) is missing. METHODS: On return flights after a diving week on a live-aboard, 32 divers were examined by in-flight echocardiography with the following protocol: 1) outgoing flight, no previous dive; 2) during the diving week; 3) before the return flight after a 24-h PFSI; and 4) during the return flight. RESULTS: All divers completed similar multiple repetitive dives during the diving week. All dives were equivalent as to inert gas load and gradient factor upon surfacing. No bubbles in the right heart were found in any diver during the outgoing flight or at the preflight control after a 24-h PFSI following the diving week. A significant increase in the number and grade of bubbles was observed during the return flight. However, bubbles were only observed in 6 of the 32 divers. These six divers were the same ones who developed bubbles after every dive. CONCLUSIONS: Having observed a 24-h preflight interval, the majority of divers did not develop bubbles during altitude exposure; however, it is intriguing to note that the same subjects who developed significant amounts of bubbles after every dive showed equally significant bubble grades during in-flight echocardiography notwithstanding a correct PFSI. This indicates a possible higher susceptibility to bubble formation in certain individuals, who may need longer PFSI before altitude exposure after scuba diving. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Cialoni,D., Pieri,M., Balestra,C., Marroni,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Importation and containment of Ebola virus disease - Senegal, August-September 2014	2014		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full MMWR.Morbidity and mortality weekly report Periodical, Abbrev. MMWR Morb.Mortal.Wkly.Rep. Pub Date Free Form 3-Oct Volume 63 Issue 39 Start Page 873 Other Pages 874 Notes JID: 7802429; EIN: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2014 Oct 3;63(39):875; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1545-861X; 0149-2195 Accession Number PMID: 25275333 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI mm6339a6 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25275333 Abstract On August 29, 2014, Senegal confirmed its first case of Ebola virus disease (Ebola) in a Guinean man, aged 21 years, who had traveled from Guinea to Dakar, Senegal, in mid-August to visit family. Senegalese medical and public health personnel were alerted about this patient after public health staff in Guinea contacted his family in Senegal on August 27. The patient had been admitted to a referral hospital in Senegal on August 26. He was promptly isolated, and a blood sample was sent for laboratory confirmation; Ebola was confirmed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction at Institut Pasteur Dakar on August 29. The patient's mother and sister had been admitted to an Ebola treatment unit in Guinea on August 26, where they had named the patient as a contact and reported his recent travel to Senegal. Ebola was likely transmitted to the family from the brother of the patient, who had traveled by land from Sierra Leone to Guinea in early August seeking treatment from a traditional healer. The brother died in Guinea on August 10; family members, including the patient, participated in preparing the body for burial. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Mirkovic,K., Thwing,J., Diack,P.A., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
The perceptions of UK youth of branded and standardized, 'plain' cigarette packaging	2014	1 School of Public Health & Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada.; 1 School of Public Health & Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada.; 2 Action on Smoking and Health, London, UK.; 2 Action on Smoking and Health, Lond	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full European journal of public health Periodical, Abbrev. Eur.J.Public Health Pub Date Free Form Aug Volume 24 Issue 4 Start Page 537 Other Pages 543 Notes CI: (c) The Author 2013; JID: 9204966; 2013/10/08 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1464-360X; 1101-1262 Accession Number PMID: 24108274 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1093/eurpub/ckt142 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24108274 Abstract BACKGROUND: Tobacco packaging is an important form of promotion. Standardizing cigarette packages ('plain' packaging) represents a novel tobacco control policy. This study examined perceptions of branded and standardized cigarette packages among British youth. METHODS: Seven hundred twelve youth aged 11-17 completed an online survey. Participants viewed pairs of packages altered using a 3 x 2 factorial design: health warning type (40% text, 40% pictorial or 80% pictorial) x standardized pack colour (white vs. brown). A discrete-choice task was used in which participants selected packs based on attractiveness, taste, tar, health risk, impact of health warning and enticement to start smoking. Participants also compared regular Silk Cut and 'Superslims' Silk Cut packs. Participants completed a final selection task from two standardized and two branded packs. RESULTS: Warning type was significantly associated with all six outcomes: packs with larger pictorial warnings were more likely to be perceived as less attractive, less smooth, greater health risk, higher tar delivery, more effective health warnings and less likely to encourage initiation. The same pattern was found for brown vs. white standardized packages, with the exception of attractiveness and initiation. Compared with the regular Silk Cut pack, the 'Superslims' Silk Cut pack was perceived as significantly more favourable on all six outcomes. Finally, among respondents who selected a pack in the pack selection task, 95.1% selected a branded pack vs. 4.9% who selected a standardized pack. CONCLUSIONS: Increasing the size of pictorial health warnings and standardizing the appearance and shape of packages may discourage smoking initiation among young people. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher . Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Public Health Association Data Source Authors Hammond,D., White,C., Anderson,W., Arnott,D., Dockrell,M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20131008 PMCID Editors
Electronic cigarettes in Canada: prevalence of use and perceptions among youth and young adults	2014	School of Public Health & Health Systems University of Waterloo. cczoli@uwaterloo.ca.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique Periodical, Abbrev. Can.J.Public Health Pub Date Free Form 3-Feb Volume 105 Issue 2 Start Page e97 Other Pages e102 Notes GR: Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada; JID: 0372714; OTO: NOTNLM; 2013/07/03 [received]; 2014/01/18 [accepted]; 2014/01/09 [revised]; epublish Place of Publication Canada ISSN/ISBN 1920-7476; 0008-4263 Accession Number PMID: 24886856 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24886856 Abstract OBJECTIVES: The goal of this study was to examine the prevalence and perceptions of electronic cigarette use among Canadian youth and young adults. METHODS: A sample of 1,188 youth and young adults age 16-30 years were recruited from an online panel of Canadians in 2012. After viewing an image of an e-cigarette, respondents answered questions regarding their use and perceptions of e-cigarettes. RESULTS: Close to half of respondents (43.4%) had seen e-cigarettes advertised or for sale. A total of 16.1% reported trying an e-cigarette (5.2% nonsmokers, 18.9% former smokers, and 34.5% current smokers), and 5.7% reported use in the past 30 days (0.8% non-smokers, 1.4% former smokers, and 15.0% current smokers). Compared to non-smokers, former smokers and current smokers were more likely to have tried e-cigarettes (OR=4.25 and OR=9.84, respectively), and current smokers were more likely to have tried e-cigarettes than former smokers (OR=2.32). Current smokers were also more likely to be current users of e-cigarettes than both former smokers (OR=15.15) and non-smokers (OR=4.43). Smokers were interested in trying e-cigarettes to help them quit smoking (80.4%), as a long-term replacement for cigarettes (77.8%), or to use in places where they cannot smoke (80.9%). CONCLUSIONS: Awareness of e-cigarettes among surveyed youth and young adults is quite high. Almost one fifth (16.1%) of participants reported trying e-cigarettes, with evidence of use among non-smokers. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Czoli,C.D., Hammond,D., White,C.M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20140203 PMCID Editors
Exploring the relationship between cigarette prices and smoking among adults: a cross-country study of low- and middle-income nations	2014	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA;	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Jan Volume 16 Suppl 1 Issue Start Page S10 Other Pages 5 Notes JID: 9815751; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-994X; 1462-2203 Accession Number PMID: 24343955 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1093/ntr/ntt170 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24343955 Abstract INTRODUCTION: Evidence on the relationship between cigarette prices and adult smoking in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is relatively limited. This study offers new descriptive evidence on this relationship using data from a set of 13 LMICs. METHODS: We use Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) cross-country data from approximately 200,000 participants aged 15 and older. Estimates on the relationship between prices and adult smoking were obtained from logit models of smoking participation and ordinary least squares models of conditional cigarette demand. RESULTS: Higher prices were associated with lower demand across countries, in terms of both smoking prevalence and daily number of cigarettes smoked among smokers. Our estimates suggest that the total price elasticity of cigarette demand in LMICs is approximately -0.53. We find that higher socioeconomic status (SES), represented through wealth and education effects is associated with lower chance of smoking overall, but among existing smokers, it may be associated with a larger number of cigarettes smoked. CONCLUSIONS: After controlling for a set of individual demographic and country characteristics, cigarette prices retain a significant role in shaping cigarette demand across LMICs. Because higher SES is associated with a reduced chance of smoking overall but also with increased daily consumption among current smokers, optimal tobacco tax policies in LMICs may face an added need to accommodate to shifting SES structures within the populations of these countries. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Kostova,D., Tesche,J., Perucic,A.M., Yurekli,A., Asma,S., GATS Collaborative Group Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Association between tobacco and alcohol use among young adult bar patrons: a cross-sectional study in three cities	2014	Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education and Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 530 Parnassus Avenue, Suite 366, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. pling@medicine.ucsf.edu.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full BMC public health Periodical, Abbrev. BMC Public Health Pub Date Free Form 24-May Volume 14 Issue Start Page 500 Other Pages 2458-14-500 Notes LR: 20151123; GR: CA-113710/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 CA-87472/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: U01 CA-154240/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 100968562; OID: NLM: PMC4055258; 2013/09/27 [received]; 2014/05/13 [accepted]; 2014/05/24 [aheado Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1471-2458; 1471-2458 Accession Number PMID: 24886521 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Multicenter Study; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1186/1471-2458-14-500 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24886521 Abstract BACKGROUND: Bars and nightclubs are key public venues where young adults congregate and use both tobacco and alcohol, and young adult bar patrons are at high risk for substance use. This study examined the association between cigarette smoking and alcohol use among a random sample of young adult bar patrons from three different cities in the USA. METHODS: Cross-sectional data was collected from a random sample of young adult bar patrons aged 18-29 in San Diego, CA (N = 1,150), Portland, ME (N = 1,019), and Tulsa, OK (N = 1,106) from 2007-2010 (response rate 88%) using randomized time location sampling. Respondents reported the number of days they smoked cigarettes, drank alcohol, and binge drank in the past 30 days. Multinomial logistic regression was used to analyze the association between smoking (nonsmoker, occasional smoker, and regular smoker) and drinking and binge drinking for each city controlling for age, gender, race/ethnicity, and education. Predicted probabilities of each smoking category were calculated by drinking and binge drinking status. The association between smoking and drinking and binge drinking among combined samples was also analyzed, controlling for demographic variables and city. RESULTS: Respondents reported high current smoking rates, ranging from 51% in Portland to 58% in Tulsa. Respondents in Tulsa were more likely to report regular smoking than those in San Diego and Portland, with demographic variables being controlled. Young adult bar patrons also exhibited a strong association between smoking and drinking. In general, as the frequency of drinking and binge drinking increased, the predicted probability of being a smoker, especially a regular smoker, increased in each city. CONCLUSIONS: Young adult bar patrons consistently reported a high smoking rate and a strong relationship between smoking and drinking, regardless of the different bar cultures and tobacco control contexts in each of the three cities. While smoke-free bar policies were negatively associated with regular smoking, these policies alone may not be enough to influence the association between smoking and drinking, particularly if tobacco marketing continues in these venues, or in the absence of programs specifically addressing the co-use of tobacco and alcohol. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Jiang,N., Lee,Y.O., Ling,P.M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20140524 PMCID PMC4055258 Editors
Characterization of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli obtained from Danish pigs, pig farmers and their families from farms with high or no consumption of third- or fourth-generation cephalosporins	2014	Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark ama@ssi.dk.; Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.; National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Soborg, Denmark.; Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.; Statens Serum Institut, Copenh	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy Periodical, Abbrev. J.Antimicrob.Chemother. Pub Date Free Form Oct Volume 69 Issue 10 Start Page 2650 Other Pages 2657 Notes CI: (c) The Author 2014; JID: 7513617; 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents); 0 (Cephalosporins); EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-Lactamases); OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/06/07 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1460-2091; 0305-7453 Accession Number PMID: 24908045 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1093/jac/dku180 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24908045 Abstract OBJECTIVES: To compare and characterize extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli from pigsties, pig farmers and their families on farms with previous high or no use of third- or fourth-generation cephalosporins. METHODS: Twenty farms with no third- or fourth-generation cephalosporin use and 19 herds with previous frequent use were included. The ESBL-producing isolates detected in humans and pigs were characterized by ESBL genotype, PFGE, susceptibility to non-beta-lactam antibiotics and phylotype, and selected isolates were characterized by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Furthermore, transferability of bla(CTX-M-)1 from both human and pig isolates was studied and plasmid incompatibility groups were defined. The volunteers answered a questionnaire including epidemiological risk factors for carriage of ESBL-producing E. coli. RESULTS: ESBL-producing E. coli was detected in pigs on 79% of the farms with high consumption of cephalosporins compared with 20% of the pigs on farms with no consumption. ESBL-producing E. coli was detected in 19 of the 195 human participants and all but one had contact with pigs. The genes found in both humans and pigs at the same farms were blaCTX-M-1 (eight farms), bla(CTX-M-14) (one farm) and bla(SHV-12) (one farm). At four farms ESBL-producing E. coli isolates with the same CTX-M enzyme, phylotype, PFGE type and MLST type were detected in both pigs and farmers. The majority of the plasmids with bla(CTX-M-1) were transferable by conjugation and belonged to incompatibility group IncI1, IncF, or IncN. CONCLUSIONS: The present study shows an increased frequency of ESBL-producing E. coli on farms with high consumption of third- or fourth-generation cephalosporins and indicates transfer of either ESBL-producing E. coli or plasmids between pigs and farmers. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher . Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy Data Source Authors Hammerum,A.M., Larsen,J., Andersen,V.D., Lester,C.H., Skovgaard Skytte,T.S., Hansen,F., Olsen,S.S., Mordhorst,H., Skov,R.L., Aarestrup,F.M., Agerso,Y. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20140607 PMCID Editors
Menopausal symptoms and quality of life in Turkish women in the climacteric period	2014	Department of Fundamentals of Nursing, Ege University Faculty of Nursing , Bornova-Izmir , Turkey.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Climacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society Periodical, Abbrev. Climacteric Pub Date Free Form Dec Volume 17 Issue 6 Start Page 705 Other Pages 712 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 9810959; OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/08/17 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1473-0804; 1369-7137 Accession Number PMID: 24884351 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.3109/13697137.2014.929108 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24884351 Abstract OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to determine the frequency of menopausal symptoms in Turkish women and the impact of these symptoms and related factors on the quality of life. METHODS: The sample in this cross-sectional study consisted of 1030 women, aged 40-59 years. The researcher collected the data at the women's homes via the face-to-face interview method using the Menopause-Specific Quality of Life (MENQOL) questionnaire and a questionnaire developed and drawn up in line with the literature. RESULTS: The mean age (+/- standard deviation) of the women participating in the study was 48.58 +/- 5.61 years and their mean menopausal age was 46.4 +/- 4.4 years. While the most frequently experienced menopausal symptoms in the study were feeling tired and worn out (79.2%), aches in the muscles and joints (79.1%) and low backache (77.8%), the least experienced symptom was an increase in facial hair (28.3%). Significant differences were found between the subdomain mean scores on the MENQOL according to menopausal periods (p = 0.000). Significant differences were detected in all subdomain mean scores of the MENQOL questionnaire according to age groups, perception of income, education, parity and body mass index (p Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Ceylan,B., Ozerdogan,N. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20140817 PMCID Editors
Smoking rates and smoking cessation preferences of pregnant women attending antenatal clinics of two large Australian maternity hospitals	2014	Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Australian & New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology Periodical, Abbrev. Aust.N.Z.J.Obstet.Gynaecol. Pub Date Free Form Feb Volume 54 Issue 1 Start Page 53 Other Pages 58 Notes CI: (c) 2013; JID: 0001027; OTO: NOTNLM; 2013/03/27 [received]; 2013/09/23 [accepted]; 2013/11/13 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Australia ISSN/ISBN 1479-828X; 0004-8666 Accession Number PMID: 24471847 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1111/ajo.12148 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24471847 Abstract BACKGROUND: Tobacco smoking is the most important preventable cause of many adverse pregnancy outcomes. Some women continue to smoke during pregnancy although the harmful effects are evident. AIMS: To characterise pregnant smokers and to understand their smoking behaviours and preferences for smoking cessation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Pregnant women (>/=18 years) attending the antenatal clinics of two large Victorian maternity hospitals completed a prepiloted questionnaire which included items regarding socio-demographics, smoking habits and attitudes towards quitting. RESULTS: Smoking status was self-reported by 1899 participants; 125 (6.6%) were current smokers and 604 (31.8%) were ex-smokers. There were 87 (69.6%) daily smokers and 38 (30.4%) occasional smokers. Smokers mainly had medium (54; 43.2%) or heavy nicotine dependence (45; 36%). Current smokers were younger, Australian born, not living with a partner, from a lower socio-economic background, multigravida and had a smoker in their household or among friends. Although pregnant smokers were aware of the possible complications of smoking, their motivation and confidence to quit (median) on a 10-point scale were 7 and 4, respectively. The majority of smokers preferred to stop smoking gradually (74; 71.2%). The preferred methods for quitting were medications (49; 47.6%) and hypnotherapy (35; 34.0%). Patches (28; 29.5%) were the preferred dosage form, and nicotine replacement therapy (25; 28.1%) was the preferred medication. Less than half reported that their health professionals discouraged smoking during pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS: Health professionals should be more proactive in identifying smokers and offering smoking cessation support in pregnancy. Multidisciplinary smoking cessation interventions for pregnant smokers are warranted. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists Data Source Authors Hoekzema,L., Werumeus Buning,A., Bonevski,B., Wolke,L., Wong,S., Drinkwater,P., Stewart,K., George,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20131113 PMCID Editors

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