WTS database

Title Sort descending	Pub Year	Author	SearchLink
Adolescents' beliefs about the risks involved in smoking "light" cigarettes	2004	Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94118, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Pediatrics Periodical, Abbrev. Pediatrics Pub Date Free Form Oct Volume 114 Issue 4 Start Page e445 Other Pages 51 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 0376422; 0 (Tars); 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1098-4275; 0031-4005 Accession Number PMID: 15466070 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; AIM; IM DOI 114/4/e445 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 15466070 Abstract BACKGROUND: Light cigarettes have been marketed by the tobacco industry as being a healthier smoking choice, a safe alternative to cessation, and a first step toward quitting smoking altogether. Research, however, has failed to show a reduction in smoking-related health risks, an increase in rates of smoking cessation, a decrease in the amount of carbon monoxide or tar released, or a reduction in the rates of cardiovascular disease or lung cancer associated with light cigarette use, compared with regular cigarette use. Nevertheless, more than one-half of adolescent smokers in the United States smoke light cigarettes. This study is the first to investigate adolescents' perception of the risks associated with smoking light cigarettes, as well as adolescents' attitudes and knowledge about the delivery of tar and nicotine, health risks, social effects, addiction potential, and ease of cessation with light cigarettes, compared with regular cigarettes. DESIGN: Participants were 267 adolescents (mean age: 14.0 years) who completed a self-administered questionnaire during class time. After reading scenarios in which they imagined that they smoked regular or light cigarettes, participants estimated the chances that they would personally experience 7 smoking-related health risks and 3 addiction risks. Participants also responded to 14 items concerning their attitudes and knowledge about light cigarettes versus regular cigarettes. RESULTS: Participants thought that they would be significantly less likely to get lung cancer, have a heart attack, die from a smoking-related disease, get a bad cough, have trouble breathing, and get wrinkles when smoking light cigarettes, compared with regular cigarettes, for the rest of their lives. Furthermore, when participants were asked how long it would take to become addicted to the 2 cigarette types, they thought it would take significantly longer to become addicted to light versus regular cigarettes. Adolescents also thought that their chances of being able to quit smoking were higher with light versus regular cigarettes. Similarly, when participants were asked how easy it would be to quit smoking the 2 cigarette types, they thought it would be significantly easier for them to quit smoking light cigarettes than regular cigarettes. Adolescents agreed or strongly agreed that regular cigarettes deliver more tar than light cigarettes and that light cigarettes deliver less nicotine than regular cigarettes. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the results of this study show that adolescents hold misperceptions in both their personal risk estimates and their general attitudes about the health risks, addictive properties, and ease of cessation associated with light cigarettes. With a variety of light and ultralight cigarettes on the market, adolescents are led to think that there is a progression of safety levels to choose from when deciding which cigarettes to smoke. This illusion of control over health outcomes contributes to an underestimation of risks associated with smoking light cigarettes and supports these misperceptions. These results are of concern, given evidence suggesting that, if adolescents think they are less vulnerable to smoking-related health risks (ie, lung cancer), then they are more likely to initiate smoking. Furthermore, there is evidence that adolescents are not fully aware of the addictive nature of cigarettes and therefore think that they can experiment with smoking during adolescence without becoming addicted or experiencing any health consequences. The data presented here support concerns regarding smoking addiction; adolescents might be even more inclined to smoke light cigarettes to delay addiction. Without correct information about light cigarettes, adolescents are unable to make informed decisions about their smoking behaviors. The findings presented here strongly suggest that health care practitioners need to talk to their adolescent clients not only about the overall risks of smok Descriptors Adolescent, Attitude to Health, Humans, Nicotine, Psychology, Adolescent, Risk, Smoking/adverse effects/psychology, Smoking Cessation/psychology, Surveys and Questionnaires, Tars Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Kropp,R. Y., Halpern-Felsher,B. L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Adult tobacco survey - 19 States, 2003-2007	2010	Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, CDC, 4770 Buford Highway, MS K-50, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. amcclave@cdc.gov	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Morbidity and mortality weekly report.Surveillance summaries (Washington, D.C.: 2002) Periodical, Abbrev. MMWR Surveill.Summ. Pub Date Free Form 16-Apr Volume 59 Issue 3 Start Page 1 Other Pages 75 Notes LR: 20140730; JID: 101142015; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1545-8636; 0892-3787 Accession Number PMID: 20395937 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI ss5903a1 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 20395937 Abstract PROBLEM/CONDITION: Tobacco use is the leading cause of preventable death in the United States. REPORTING PERIOD: This report includes data collected during February 2003-November 2007. DESCRIPTION OF THE SYSTEM: The Adult Tobacco Survey (ATS) is a state-administered, random-digit--dialed telephone survey of the noninstitutionalized U.S. population aged >or=18 years. ATS collects data on tobacco use, smoking cessation, secondhand smoke exposure, risk perception and social influences, health influences, and tobacco-related policy issues in the United States. ATS was developed primarily for evaluation of state tobacco control programs rather than for surveillance and offers states a great deal of flexibility in terms of when and how often the surveys can be conducted. During 2003-2007, a total of 33 state ATSs were conducted by 19 states, with sample sizes ranging from 1,301 to 12,734 completed and partially completed interviews. RESULTS: ATS data indicate that during 2003-2007, 13.3%-25.4% of adults smoked cigarettes (median: 19.2%); fewer adults smoked cigars (median: 6.4%) or used smokeless tobacco (median: 3.5%). The majority of tobacco users used one tobacco product (median: 82.5%). In most states, approximately half of cigarette smokers reported that they would try to quit in the next 6 months (median: 58.4%), and approximately half made an attempt to quit in the preceding year (median: 46.8%). The majority of adults (i.e., smokers and nonsmokers combined) reported that smoking should not be allowed at all in workplaces (median: 77.6%), restaurants (median: 65.5%), public buildings (median: 72.5%), or indoor sporting events/concerts (median: 72.1%). One third of adults reported smoking should not be allowed at all in cocktail lounges or bars (median: 33.1%). The percentage of adults who reported having smoke-free policies at work or home ranged from 51.2% to 75.2% (median: 61.7%). INTERPRETATION: These data indicate that respondents support certain state tobacco control measures; for example, the majority of adults in participating states were supportive of smoke-free policies as well as of an increase in tobacco excise tax. However, one of every five tobacco users in the participating states used multiple tobacco products, a behavior that was more common among young adults. Therefore, these data also underscore a continued need for monitoring and evaluating evidence-based, comprehensive U.S. tobacco control programs and policies. PUBLIC HEALTH ACTIONS: State ATSs can be used by states to monitor and evaluate comprehensive statewide tobacco control programs. Continued surveillance of tobacco use and tobacco control outcome indicators are needed to monitor, evaluate, and improve state programs that address tobacco use, cessation, and secondhand smoke exposure. Descriptors Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Data Collection, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Public Policy, Risk, Smoking/epidemiology/prevention & control, Smoking Cessation/statistics & numerical data, Social Conditions, Tobacco Smoke Pollution, Tobacco, Smokeless, United States/epidemiology, Young Adult Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors McClave,A. K., Whitney,N., Thorne,S. L., Mariolis,P., Dube,S. R., Engstrom,M., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Advantages of integrated and sustainability based assessment for metabolism based strategic planning of urban water systems	2015	Centre for Water Systems, College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, North Park Road, Harrison Building, Exeter EX4 4QF, UK. Electronic address: k.behzadian-moghadam@exeter.ac.uk.; Centre for Water Systems, College of	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Science of the total environment Periodical, Abbrev. Sci.Total Environ. Pub Date Free Form 15-Sep Volume 527-528 Issue Start Page 220 Other Pages 231 Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2015; JID: 0330500; OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/12/11 [received]; 2015/04/25 [revised]; 2015/04/26 [accepted]; 2015/05/14 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 1879-1026; 0048-9697 Accession Number PMID: 25965035 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.04.097 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25965035 Abstract Despite providing water-related services as the primary purpose of urban water system (UWS), all relevant activities require capital investments and operational expenditures, consume resources (e.g. materials and chemicals), and may increase negative environmental impacts (e.g. contaminant discharge, emissions to water and air). Performance assessment of such a metabolic system may require developing a holistic approach which encompasses various system elements and criteria. This paper analyses the impact of integration of UWS components on the metabolism based performance assessment for future planning using a number of intervention strategies. It also explores the importance of sustainability based criteria in the assessment of long-term planning. Two assessment approaches analysed here are: (1) planning for only water supply system (WSS) as a part of the UWS and (2) planning for an integrated UWS including potable water, stormwater, wastewater and water recycling. WaterMet(2) model is used to simulate metabolic type processes in the UWS and calculate quantitative performance indicators. The analysis is demonstrated on the problem of strategic level planning of a real-world UWS to where optional intervention strategies are applied. The resulting performance is assessed using the multiple criteria of both conventional and sustainability type; and optional intervention strategies are then ranked using the Compromise Programming method. The results obtained show that the high ranked intervention strategies in the integrated UWS are those supporting both water supply and stormwater/wastewater subsystems (e.g. rainwater harvesting and greywater recycling schemes) whilst these strategies are ranked low in the WSS and those targeting improvement of water supply components only (e.g. rehabilitation of clean water pipes and addition of new water resources) are preferred instead. Results also demonstrate that both conventional and sustainability type performance indicators are necessary for strategic planning in the UWS. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier B.V Data Source Authors Behzadian,K., Kapelan,Z. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150514 PMCID Editors
Advantages, indications, and the manufacturing of melted PVC waterpipe splints	1994	Theuvenet, W.J., Plastic Reconstructive Hand Surgery, Lukas Hospital, 7300 DS Apeldoorn, Netherlands	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Leprosy review Periodical, Abbrev. Lepr.Rev. Pub Date Free Form 1994/ Volume 65 Issue 4 Start Page 385 Other Pages 395 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0305-7518 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract There are several indications when to use splints in the treatment of leprosy. PVC waterpipe is a cheap and easily available material in developing countries. Its advantages, indications, and the manufacturing of splints are described. Descriptors polyvinylchloride, talc, article, contracture, cost effectiveness analysis, developing country, dynamic splint, heating, immobilization, leprosy, splint, tube, ulcer healing Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Theuvenet,W. J., Ruchal,S. P., Soares,D. J., Roche,P. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Adverse effects of cigarette and noncigarette smoke exposure on the autonomic nervous system: mechanisms and implications for cardiovascular risk	2014	Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California. Electronic address: hmiddlekauff@mednet.ucla.edu.; Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, and the Veterans	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of the American College of Cardiology Periodical, Abbrev. J.Am.Coll.Cardiol. Pub Date Free Form 21-Oct Volume 64 Issue 16 Start Page 1740 Other Pages 1750 Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2014; GR: K23-HL098744/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States; GR: MO1-RR00865/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States; JID: 8301365; 0 (Particulate Matter); 0 (Smoke); OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/05/10 [received]; 2014/06/24 [revised]; 2014/06/30 [accepted]; ppubl Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1558-3597; 0735-1097 Accession Number PMID: 25323263 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review; AIM; IM DOI 10.1016/j.jacc.2014.06.1201 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25323263 Abstract This review summarizes the detrimental effects of cigarette and noncigarette emission exposure on autonomic function, with particular emphasis on the mechanisms of acute and chronic modulation of the sympathetic nervous system. We propose that the nicotine and fine particulate matter in tobacco smoke lead to increased sympathetic nerve activity, which becomes persistent via a positive feedback loop between sympathetic nerve activity and reactive oxidative species. Furthermore, we propose that baroreflex suppression of sympathetic activation is attenuated in habitual smokers; that is, the baroreflex plays a permissive role, allowing sympathoexcitation to occur without restraint in the setting of increased pressor response. This model is also applicable to other nontobacco cigarette emission exposures (e.g., marijuana, waterpipes [hookahs], electronic cigarettes, and even air pollution). Fortunately, emerging data suggest that baroreflex sensitivity and autonomic function may be restored after smoking cessation, providing further evidence in support of the health benefits of smoking cessation. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher American College of Cardiology Foundation. Published by Elsevier Inc Data Source Authors Middlekauff,H.R., Park,J., Moheimani,R.S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Adverse health effects of prenatal and postnatal tobacco smoke exposure on children	2003	Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands. w.hofhuis@erasmusmc.nl	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Archives of Disease in Childhood Periodical, Abbrev. Arch.Dis.Child. Pub Date Free Form Dec Volume 88 Issue 12 Start Page 1086 Other Pages 1090 Notes LR: 20140610; JID: 0372434; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); RF: 83; OID: NLM: PMC1719394; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1468-2044; 0003-9888 Accession Number PMID: 14670776 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Review; AIM; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 14670776 Abstract Parents who choose to smoke are possibly not aware of, or deny, the negative effects of passive smoking on their offspring. This review summarises a wide range of effects of passive smoking on mortality and morbidity in children. It offers paediatricians, obstetricians, specialists in preventive child health care, general practitioners, and midwives an approach to promote smoking cessation in smoking parents before, during, and after pregnancy. Descriptors Child, Child Behavior Disorders/etiology, Child, Preschool, Developmental Disabilities/etiology, Female, Fetal Diseases/etiology, Humans, Hypersensitivity/etiology, Infant, Infant, Low Birth Weight, Infant, Newborn, Infection/etiology, Lung Diseases/etiology, Neoplasms/etiology, Obstetric Labor Complications/etiology, Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases/etiology, Pregnancy, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Respiration Disorders/etiology, Sudden Infant Death/etiology, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/adverse effects Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Hofhuis,W., de Jongste,J. C., Merkus,P. J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID PMC1719394 Editors
Affecting perceptions of harm and addiction among college waterpipe tobacco smokers	2011	Duke University School of Nursing, 307 Trent Dr., Durham, NC 27710, USA. Isaac.Lipkus@Duke.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Jul Volume 13 Issue 7 Start Page 599 Other Pages 610 Notes LR: 20160527; GR: P30 DA023026/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: P30 DA023026/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 CA114389/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9815751; OID: NLM: PMC3129239; 2011/04/06 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-994X; 1462-2203 Accession Number PMID: 21471304 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 10.1093/ntr/ntr049 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 21471304 Abstract INTRODUCTION: The spread of waterpipe tobacco use among youth may be due in part to perceptions that waterpipe tobacco use is safer than other tobacco products, such as cigarettes. In two pilot studies, we sought to modify college waterpipe smokers' perceived risks and worry about waterpipe tobacco smoking. METHODS: We conducted two web-based studies that varied whether college waterpipe users received information on (a) spread of and use of flavored tobacco in waterpipe and (b) harms of waterpipe smoking. Study 1 (N = 91) tested the "incremental" effects on perceptions of risk and worry of adding information about harms of waterpipe smoking to information on the spread of waterpipe and use of flavorings in the tobacco. Study 2 (N = 112) tested the effects on perceptions of risk and worry of reviewing information about harms of waterpipe smoking compared to a no information control group. In Study 1 only, we assessed as part of a 6-month follow-up (n = 70) the percentage of participants who reported no longer using waterpipe. RESULTS: Pooling data from both studies, participants who received information about the harms of waterpipe smoking reported greater perceived risk and worry about harm and addiction and expressed a stronger desire to quit. In Study 1, 62% of participants in the experimental group versus 33% in the control group reported having stopped waterpipe use. CONCLUSIONS: These are the first studies to show that perceptions of addiction and harm from waterpipe use can be modified using minimally intensive interventions; such interventions show promise at decreasing waterpipe use. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Lipkus,I.M., Eissenberg,T., Schwartz-Bloom,R.D., Prokhorov,A.V., Levy,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20110406 PMCID PMC3129239 Editors
Agreement between exhaled breath carbon monoxide threshold levels and self-reported cigarette smoking in a sample of male adolescents in Jordan	2015	Faculty of Nursing, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan. nasheyab@just.edu.jo.; Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan. Kkheiral@gmail.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full International journal of environmental research and public health Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Environ.Res.Public.Health. Pub Date Free Form 15-Jan Volume 12 Issue 1 Start Page 841 Other Pages 854 Notes LR: 20150203; JID: 101238455; 7U1EE4V452 (Carbon Monoxide); OID: NLM: PMC4306896; 2014/11/22 [received]; -0001/11/30 [revised]; 2015/01/13 [accepted]; epublish Place of Publication Switzerland ISSN/ISBN 1660-4601; 1660-4601 Accession Number PMID: 25599375 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.3390/ijerph120100841 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25599375 Abstract This study aimed to measure the percent agreement between Exhaled Breath Carbon Monoxide (eBCO) measure using a piCO+ smokerlyzer(R) and self-reported cigarette smoking status and to determine the optimal thresholds for definite identification of cigarette smokers of male school students in Jordan. A descriptive, cross sectional, study of a random sample of male adolescents in grades 7 and 8 from four public high schools in Irbid, completed an adaptation of a standardized Arabic-language tobacco smoking questionnaire and an eBCO measure. Sensitivity and specificity of the eBCO were calculated against self-reported cigarette smoking. Participants (n = 439) had a mean age of 12.5 years (SD = 0.50) and 174 (39.9%) reported being an ever smoker of whom 59 (33.9%) reported being a recent (30-day) smoker. The optimal eBCO cut-off point for recent smoking was 4.5 ppm with a sensitivity of 84.7% and specificity of 65.5%. Overall, eBCO can accurately identify recent smokers and distinguish them from non-smokers. The eBCO use enables healthcare professionals and researchers to assess efficacy of smoking cessation and prevention programs without necessarily relying on self-report. Further research is indicated to validate our findings and should be expanded to include females, detailed characteristics of cigarette and waterpipe smoking. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Al-Sheyab,N., Kheirallah,K.A., Mangnall,L.J., Gallagher,R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150115 PMCID PMC4306896 Editors
Air contamination due to smoking in German restaurants, bars, and other venues--before and after the implementation of a partial smoking ban	2011	Unit Cancer Prevention and WHO Collaborating Centre for Tobacco Control, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Nov Volume 13 Issue 11 Start Page 1155 Other Pages 1160 Notes LR: 20150204; JID: 9815751; 0 (Hazardous Substances); 0 (Particulate Matter); 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); OID: NLM: PMC3203133; 2011/05/26 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-994X; 1462-2203 Accession Number PMID: 21622497 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1093/ntr/ntr099 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 21622497 Abstract INTRODUCTION: The present study examined the reduction in exposure to tobacco smoke in German hospitality venues following the implementation of a partial smoking ban by measuring the indoor air concentration of PM(2.5) in 2005 and 2009, that is, before and after the legislation was implemented. METHODS: The concentration of respirable suspended particles (PM(2.5)) in the indoor air of German hospitality venues was measured using a laser photometer (AM510). The prelegislation sample from 2005 included 80 venues of which 58 could be revisited in 2009. After replenishment, the postlegislation sample consisted of 79 venues. RESULTS: Compared with the prelegislation measurement, the concentration of PM(2.5) in hospitality venues was reduced significantly after introduction of the smoke-free legislation. The median mass concentration of PM(2.5) was reduced by 87.1% in coffee bars, by 88.7% in restaurants, by 66.3% in bars, and by 90.8% in discotheques. Notably, legal exemptions to the smoking ban are an issue: At the postlegislation measurement in 2009, the mass concentrations of PM(2.5) were substantially higher in venues allowing smoking in the whole venue or in a designated smoking room than in completely smoke-free venues. CONCLUSIONS: The German smoke-free legislation significantly reduced the levels of respirable suspended particles in the indoor air of hospitality venues, benefiting the health of employees and patrons alike. But legal exemptions attenuated the effectiveness of the policy. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Gleich,F., Mons,U., Potschke-Langer,M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20110526 PMCID PMC3203133 Editors
Air nicotine levels in public places in ahmedabad, India: before and after implementation of the smoking ban	2015	Institute for Gobal Tobacco Control, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.; Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Gujarat Medical Education and Research Society Medical College, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India ; De	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Indian journal of community medicine : official publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social Medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Indian.J.Community Med. Pub Date Free Form Jan-Mar Volume 40 Issue 1 Start Page 27 Other Pages 32 Notes LR: 20150209; JID: 9315574; OID: NLM: PMC4317977; OTO: NOTNLM; 2013/09/11 [received]; 2014/02/24 [accepted]; ppublish Place of Publication India ISSN/ISBN 0970-0218; 0970-0218 Accession Number PMID: 25657509 Language eng SubFile Journal Article DOI 10.4103/0970-0218.149266 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25657509 Abstract AIM: To compare air nicotine levels in public places in Ahmedabad, India, before (June 2008) and after (January, 2010) the implementation of a comprehensive smoking ban which was introduced in October 2008. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Air nicotine concentrations were measured by sampling of vapor-phase nicotine using passive monitors. In 2008 (baseline), monitors were placed for 5-7 working days in 5 hospitals, 10 restaurants, 5 schools, 5 government buildings, and 10 entertainment venues, of which 6 were hookah bars. In 2010 (follow-up), monitors were placed in 35 similar venues for the same duration. RESULTS: Comparison of the overall median nicotine concentration at baseline (2008) (0.06 mug/m(3) Interquartile range (IQR): 0.02-0.22) to that of follow-up (2010) (0.03 mug/m(3) IQR: 0.00-0.13), reflects a significant decline (% decline = 39.7, P = 0.012) in exposure to second-hand smoke (SHS). The percent change in exposure varied by venue-type. The most significant decrease occurred in hospitals, from 0.04 mug/m(3) at baseline to concentrations under the limit of detection at follow-up (%decline = 100, P Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Yang,J., Modi,B.V., Tamplin,S.A., Aghi,M.B., Dave,P.V., Cohen,J.E. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID PMC4317977 Editors

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