WTS database

Title	Pub Year Sort descending	Author	SearchLink
Oesophageal and gastric carcinoma in the Republic of Yemen	1995	Murray-Lyon, I.M., Gastrointestinal Unit, Charing Cross Hospital, London W4 6RF, United Kingdom	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full British journal of cancer Periodical, Abbrev. Br.J.Cancer Pub Date Free Form 1995/ Volume 71 Issue 2 Start Page 409 Other Pages 410 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0007-0920 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract We conducted a preliminary survey on 3064 patients who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy at the Al-Thawra Hospital in Sana'a, Republic of Yemen, between January and December 1991. The age/sex distribution, demographic features and social habits with respect to cigarette and water-pipe smoking and Qat chewing were compared for patients with oesophageal and gastric cancers (n = 183). A preponderance of women with carcinoma of the mid-oesophagus was noted, previously only recorded in areas of high prevalence. Unlike Western populations, smoking and alcohol consumption were not significant risk factors. A high frequency of Qat chewing and water-pipe smoking was found for both men and women and for a group with tumours of the gastro-oesophageal junction or cardia (Ï‡2 = 2.646, P > 0.05). Numbers were insufficient to identify independent effects of each factor individually. Dietary habits alone were insufficient to account for the excess of affected females. A case-control study is now underway to investigate further the role of dietary factors, social habits, demographic features and Helicobacter pylori infection on the development of upper gastrointestinal cancer in the Yemen. Descriptors age, article, cancer risk, Catha edulis, demography, diet, esophagus carcinoma, female, gastrointestinal endoscopy, human, major clinical study, male, priority journal, risk factor, sex ratio, smoking, social behavior, stomach carcinoma, tobacco, Yemen Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Gunaid,A. A., Sumairi,A. A., Shidrawi,R. G., Al-Hanaki,A., Al-Haimi,M., Al-Absi,S., Al-Hureibi,M. A., Qirbi,A. A., Al-Awlagi,S., El-Guneid,A. M., Shousha,S., Murray-Lyon,I. M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Benzene emissions in the neighbourhood of filling stations	1995	Gesundheitsamt der Stadt Frankfurt am Main.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Zentralblatt fur Hygiene und Umweltmedizin = International journal of hygiene and environmental medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Zentralbl.Hyg.Umweltmed. Pub Date Free Form Jan Volume 196 Issue 5 Start Page 416 Other Pages 424 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 8912563; 0 (Air Pollutants); 0 (Benzene Derivatives); 0 (Carcinogens); 0 (Vehicle Emissions); 0 (Xylenes); 3FPU23BG52 (Toluene); J64922108F (Benzene); L5I45M5G0O (ethylbenzene); ppublish Place of Publication GERMANY ISSN/ISBN 0934-8859; 0934-8859 Accession Number PMID: 7537043 Language ger SubFile Comparative Study; English Abstract; Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 7537043 Abstract BTXE-Immissions (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene) were measured in 32 flats in the neighbourhood of 12 filling stations in Frankfurt on the Main. Mean benzene-concentration in the indoor air nearby filling stations was 10.2 micrograms/m3, whereas in reference flats 5.6 micrograms/m3 were measured. Maximum levels were 22.4 micrograms/m3 and 8.0 micrograms/m3. Indoor air levels were slightly higher than outdoor air contaminations. High Toluene-concentrations were not caused by the filling stations but by other commercial enterprises, such as paint shops. Mean ethylbenzene or xylene-concentrations in the neighbourhood of filling stations did not differ from the concentrations measured in the reference flats. Because of the cancerogenicity of benzene the benzene-contaminations in the neighbourhood of filling stations have to be lowered. The newly established German law to prevent gas leakage in filling stations will lead to some improvement in the future. Descriptors Air Pollutants/analysis, Benzene/analysis, Benzene Derivatives/analysis, Carcinogens/analysis, Germany, Humans, Toluene/analysis, Urban Health, Vehicle Emissions, Xylenes/analysis Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Heudorf,U., Hentschel,W. Original/Translated Title Benzol-Immissionen in Wohnungen im Umfeld von Tankstellen URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Varying nicotine patch dose and type of smoking cessation counseling	1995	Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Jama Periodical, Abbrev. JAMA Pub Date Free Form 1-Nov Volume 274 Issue 17 Start Page 1347 Other Pages 1352 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 7501160; 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); 7U1EE4V452 (Carbon Monoxide); K5161X06LL (Cotinine); CIN: JAMA. 1996 Jun 26;275(24):1882-3. PMID: 8648863; CIN: JAMA. 1995 Nov 1;274(17):1390-1. PMID: 7563566; ppublish Place of Publication UNITED STATES ISSN/ISBN 0098-7484; 0098-7484 Accession Number PMID: 7563558 Language eng SubFile Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Journal Article; Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; AIM; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 7563558 Abstract OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy and safety of 22-mg and 44-mg doses of transdermal nicotine therapy when it is paired with minimal, individual, or group counseling to improve smoking cessation rates. DESIGN: An 8-week clinical trial (4 weeks double-blind followed by 4 weeks open label) using random assignment of participants to both dose (22 or 44 mg) and counseling (minimal, individual, or group) conditions. PARTICIPANTS: Daily cigarette smokers (> or = 15 cigarettes per day for at least 1 year) who volunteered to participate in a study of smoking cessation treatment. A total of 504 participants were enrolled at two sites. INTERVENTION: Four weeks of 22- or 44-mg transdermal nicotine therapy followed by 4 weeks of dosage reduction (2 weeks of 22 mg followed by 2 weeks of 11 mg). Counseling consisted of a self-help pamphlet (minimal); a self-help pamphlet, a brief physician motivational message, and three brief (< 15 minutes) follow-up visits with a nurse (individual); or the pamphlet, the motivational message, and eight weekly 1-hour group smoking cessation counseling visits (group). All participants returned weekly to turn in questionnaires and for assessment of their smoking status. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Abstinence from smoking was based on self-report, confirmed by an expired carbon monoxide concentration lower than 10 ppm. Withdrawal severity was assessed by means of an eight-item self-report questionnaire completed daily. RESULTS: Smoking cessation rates for the two nicotine patch doses and three levels of counseling did not differ significantly at either 8 weeks or 26 weeks following the quit date. Among those receiving minimal contact, the 44-mg dose produced greater abstinence at 4 weeks than did the 22-mg dose (68% vs 45%; P < .01). Participants receiving minimal-contact adjuvant treatment were less likely to be abstinent at the end of 4 weeks than those receiving individual or group counseling (56% vs 67%; P < .05). The 44-mg dose decreased desire to smoke more than the 22-mg dose, but this effect was not related to success in quitting smoking. Transdermal nicotine therapy at doses of 44 mg produced a significantly greater frequency of nausea (28%), vomiting (10%), and erythema with edema at the patch site (30%) than did a 22-mg dose (10%, 2%, and 13%, respectively; P < .01 for each adverse effect). Three serious adverse events occurred during use of the 44-mg patch dose. CONCLUSIONS: There does not appear to be any general, sustained benefit of initiating transdermal nicotine therapy with a 44-mg patch dose or of providing intense adjuvant smoking cessation treatment. The two doses and all adjuvant treatments produced equivalent effects at the 26-week follow-up, and the higher patch dose produced more adverse effects. Higher-dose (44-mg) nicotine replacement does not appear to be indicated for general clinical populations, although it may provide short-term benefit to some smokers attempting to quit with minimal adjuvant treatment. Descriptors Administration, Cutaneous, Adult, Analysis of Variance, Carbon Monoxide/metabolism, Combined Modality Therapy, Cotinine/blood, Counseling, Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Logistic Models, Male, Middle Aged, Nicotine/administration & dosage/therapeutic use, Smoking Cessation/methods, Substance Withdrawal Syndrome Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Jorenby,D. E., Smith,S. S., Fiore,M. C., Hurt,R. D., Offord,K. P., Croghan,I. T., Hays,J. T., Lewis,S. F., Baker,T. B. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Seasonal variations in the occurrence of environmental mycobacteria in potable water	1995	Kubalek, I., 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full APMIS Periodical, Abbrev. APMIS Pub Date Free Form 1995/ Volume 103 Issue 5 Start Page 327 Other Pages 330 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0903-4641 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract A fluctuation in the prevalence of environmental mycobacteria in relation to nutritional conditions in nature has been repeatedly described in the literature. A seasonal difference in the potable water supply system has not yet been documented. Potable water samples from the supply systems of 16 identical localities were analyzed. Samples of running water and tap swabs or tap scrapings were collected twice a year, in the spring and in the autumn. The samples were processed as stipulated by the international standards. McNemar's test was used to analyze the difference in the occurrence of environmental mycobacteria between the vernal and the autumnal samples. A significant change in the presence of environmental mycobacteria in the potable water supply system was observed, the vernal samples yielding more positive results, This finding supports other observations respecting surface water. We suggest that this effect on the potable water supply system may be caused by the change in temperature. Contamination rates were similar, with no statistically significant differences between running water samples and those from swabs or scrapings. No time trend in the period 1984-1989 respecting the prevalence of mycobacteria was detected. Direct microscopy showed massive colonization with environmental mycobacteria of the potable water supply system. The public health consequences of these findings should be further evaluated, as colonization of water pipes can be associated with outbreaks of mycobacterial disease in immunocompromised patients. There has also been an increase in the incidence of mycobacterioses in the North Moravian region in recent years. Descriptors water, article, environmental sanitation, Mycobacterium, nonhuman, priority journal, seasonal variation, water contamination Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Kubalek,I., Komenda,S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
The spring-fall variations in the prevalence of environmental mycobacteria in drinking water supply system	1995	Kubalek, I., 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Central European journal of public health Periodical, Abbrev. Cent.Eur.J.Public Health Pub Date Free Form 1995/ Volume 3 Issue 3 Start Page 146 Other Pages 148 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1210-7778 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract The fluctuation in the prevalence of environmental mycobacteria in relation to nutritional conditions in nature was repeatedly described in literature. The seasonal difference in potable water supply system had not yet been documented. Potable water samples from water supply systems of 16 localities were analyzed. The samples of running water, and tap swabs or tap scrapings were collected twice a year, in the spring and in the autumn. McNemar's test was used to analyze the difference of the occurrence of environmental mycobacteria between the vernal and the autumnal samples. A significant change in the presence of environmental mycobacteria in the potable water supply system was observed: the vernal samples yielded more positive results. This finding supports other observations of superficial water. We infer that this effect in potable water supply system may be caused by the change in temperature. Contamination rates were similar with no statistically significant difference between running water samples and that of swabs or scrapings. No time trend in the period 1984 - 1989 in the prevalence of myobacteria was detected. Direct microscopy showed massive colonisation with environmental mycobacteria of potable water supply system. Public health consequences of these findings should be further evaluated, as colonisation of water pipes can be associated with outbreaks of mycobacterial disease in immunocompromised patients. These has been also an increase in the incidence of mycobacterioses in North Moravian Region in recent years. Descriptors drinking water, article, Czechoslovakia, mycobacteriosis, seasonal variation Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Kubalek,I., Komenda,S., Mysak,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Effects of acid mist on needles from mature sitka spruce grafts. Part II. Influence of developmental stage, age and needle morphology on visible damage	1995	Leith, I.D., Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, Edinburgh Research Station, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 0QB, United Kingdom	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Environmental Pollution Periodical, Abbrev. Environ.Pollut. Pub Date Free Form 1995/ Volume 90 Issue 3 Start Page 363 Other Pages 370 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0269-7491 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Mature grafts of five Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.) clones were exposed to simulated acid mist comprising an equimolar mixture of H2SO4 and NH4NO3 (16 and 0.01 mol m-3) at pH 2.5 and 5.0. Mist was applied to potted plants growing in open-top chambers on consecutive days, four times a week, at a precipitation equivalent of 1 mm per day. The total exposure to polluted mist was equivalent to three times that measured at an upland forest in SE Scotland. The aim of the experiment was to characterize the response of juvenile foliage produced by physiologically mature grafts (on seedling root stock) and compare it with the behaviour of juvenile foliage on seedlings. Development of visible foliar damage was followed through the growing season. Measurements of needle length, diameter, weight, surface area, surface wax weight and wettability were made on current year needles to determine whether particular foliar characteristics increased susceptibility to injury. Significant amounts (> 10%) of visible needle damage was observed on only one of the five clones. Damage was most severe on the clone with the most horizontal branch and needle habit, but over the five clones there was no relationship between angle of branch display and damage. Likewise no combination of needle characteristics (length, width, area, amount of wax) was indicative of potential susceptibility. A comparison with previous acid misting experiments using seedlings suggests that juvenile foliage on physiologically mature trees is equally susceptible to visible injury as juvenile seedling foliage. Date of budburst differed among clones, and in this experiment exerted the over-riding influence on development of injury symptoms. Foliage exposed to a combination of strong acidity and high sulphate concentrations over the few weeks immediately following budburst suffered most visible injury. The absence of significant amounts of visible damage in UK forests probably reflects the general low susceptibility to visible injury of Sitka spruce exposed to acid mist. Descriptors ammonium nitrate, sulfate, sulfuric acid, acid rain, article, comparative study, controlled study, forest, morphology, nonhuman, pH, plant growth, plant leaf, precipitation, simulation, tree, United Kingdom Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Leith,I. D., Sheppard,L. J., Cape,J. N. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Simultaneous transport of substrates, disinfectants and microorganisms in water pipes	1995	Lu, C., Department Environmental Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Water research Periodical, Abbrev. Water Res. Pub Date Free Form 1995/ Volume 29 Issue 3 Start Page 881 Other Pages 894 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0043-1354 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract A mathematical model that accounts for simultaneous transport of substrates, disinfectants and microorganisms has been developed to predict substantial changes in quality of distributed water. The model consists of a set of mass balance equations for organic substances, ammonium nitrogen, oxidized nitrogen, dissolved oxygen, alkalinity, biomass, and disinfectants in the bulk liquid phase and within the biofilm under laminar and turbulent flow conditions. This model is validated by comparing its solutions with the numerical solutions in the literature and then is applied for predicting the behavior of a typical water treatment plant effluent through a distribution pipe. The flow properties and disinfectant consumption rate at the pipe wall play a significant role in the determination of potable water quality in the distribution system. Descriptors ammonia, disinfectant agent, dissolved oxygen, nitrogen, organic matter, alkalinity, article, biofilm, biomass, controlled study, effluent, mathematical model, microorganism, priority journal, turbulent flow, water flow, water quality, water transport, water treatment Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Lu,C., Biswas,P., Clark,R. M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Lead poisoning: Part I	1995		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Trauma Periodical, Abbrev. TRAUMA Pub Date Free Form 1995/ Volume 37 Issue 1 Start Page 43 Other Pages 67 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0564-1470 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract The average American ingests about 100 milligrams of lead per day, or about 1.25 ounces per year. That's not enough to cause lead poisoning in the average person facing the average daily exposure, but exposure to toxic levels of lead in the workplace and the home is still a significant problem. Over 900 specific occupations are estimated to involve significant exposure to lead, and thus a potential risk of lead poisoning. Lead is also ubiquitous in the environment: it is found in soil that has absorbed industrial and petrochemical emissions, paint in old buildings, water pipes and even food that has been stored in cans made with lead solder or prepared with tap water. Low-level exposure of lead has been associated with childhood learning disorders and poor performance on intelligence tests. High-level exposure can cause central nervous system disorders, mental impairment, retardation and death. However, the exact level at which lead begins to cause health problems is unknown. The first part of this two-part article describes the clinical picture and diagnosis of acute and chronic lead poisoning, with a particular emphasis on the developmental problems lead exposure causes in children between the ages of one and six years. These are the persons most commonly at risk of ingesting lead, and the victims who suffer the worst consequences of lead exposure. Descriptors lead, adult, case report, child, human, lead poisoning, male, review Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Michael,M. I. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Respiratory symptoms and environmental factors in schoolchildren in the Bay of Plenty	1995	Eastbay Health, Whakatane.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The New Zealand medical journal Periodical, Abbrev. N.Z.Med.J. Pub Date Free Form 8-Sep Volume 108 Issue 1007 Start Page 358 Other Pages 361 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 0401067; 0 (Air Pollutants); 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); ppublish Place of Publication NEW ZEALAND ISSN/ISBN 0028-8446; 0028-8446 Accession Number PMID: 7566773 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 7566773 Abstract AIMS: To determine the prevalence of respiratory symptoms in children and to examine associations with environmental factors in the Bay of Plenty. METHODS: International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaires were distributed to 13-14 year old children and to care-givers of 6-7 year old children as part of the ISAAC study. RESULTS: Completed questionnaires were received for 2614 primary and 2752 secondary students. Analysis by district showed no consistent association with exposure to industrial emissions from paper mills, natural sulphur fumes, or climatic variation. All districts are subject to high levels of pollen. Symptom prevalence was close to the mean for New Zealand centres participating in the ISAAC survey. Night cough and nasal symptoms were more common in secondary pupils exposed to smoking in the home, but there was no consistent association between passive smoking and wheeze or diagnosed asthma. Children from larger households reported less wheezy symptoms and less diagnosed asthma. CONCLUSIONS: There was no consistent evidence of an effect on respiratory morbidity from natural fumes, industrial air pollution, or climate. The indoor environment is probably of greater importance in this population. Descriptors Adolescent, Air Pollutants/adverse effects, Asthma/epidemiology/etiology, Child, Cough/epidemiology/etiology, Data Collection, Europe/ethnology, Humans, New Zealand/epidemiology, Prevalence, Respiratory Sounds/etiology, Respiratory Tract Diseases/epidemiology/etiology, Rhinitis/epidemiology/etiology, Surveys and Questionnaires, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/adverse effects Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Moyes,C. D., Waldon,J., Ramadas,D., Crane,J., Pearce,N. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Shear strength of ceramic brackets bonded to etched or unetched enamel	1995	Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas 78284-7888, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Journal of clinical pediatric dentistry Periodical, Abbrev. J.Clin.Pediatr.Dent. Pub Date Free Form Spring Volume 19 Issue 3 Start Page 181 Other Pages 183 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 9100079; 0 (Composite Resins); 0 (Dental Cements); ppublish Place of Publication UNITED STATES ISSN/ISBN 1053-4628; 1053-4628 Accession Number PMID: 8611486 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; D DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 8611486 Abstract The purpose of this study was to compare the shear bond strengths and enamel surface morphology after debonding a polycrystalline ceramic bracket (Transcend 2000) bonded with a light-cured resin cement (Transbond) without enamel etching or by etching for 15 seconds with 10% or 37% phosphoric acid and 10% maleic acid. Forty extracted noncarious human premolars were used. The buccal enamel surfaces were used and the teeth randomly divided in to four groups of 10 teeth each: Group 1: No enamel etching; Group 2: Enamel etching for 15 seconds with 10% phosphoric acid; Group 3: Enamel etching for 15 seconds with 37% phosphoric acid; and Group 4: Enamel etching for 15 seconds with 10% maleic acid. The brackets were bonded to the etched enamel surfaces according to manufacturers' instructions except the etching time variations. All specimens were stored in distilled water for 24 hours and then thermocycled for 300 cycles between 5 degrees C and 55 degrees C. The specimens were mounted in dental stone and placed in the Instron at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min using a knife-edged blade. Immediately after debonding, the enamel surface and bracket-enamel interface were evaluated visually and with a stereomicroscope. Representative samples were then examined with the SEM. ANOVA and Student-Newman-Keuls tests were performed. The results (in MPa) were: Group 1:11.83 (+3.9); Group 2: 28.80 (+12.6); Group 3: 26.25 (+5.3); Group 4: 18.06 (+6.9). Groups 2 and 3 were statistically significantly different (p<0.0001) from Groups 1 and 4. Groups 2 vs. 3 or 1 vs. 4 were not statistically different. Debonding occurred mainly at the bracket-resin interface in all groups, except Group 2 which displayed two samples with enamel cohesive failures and two fracturing the bracket. The SEM evaluation revealed that after debonding, the group etched with the 37% phosphoric acid gel had the roughest enamel surface and was the only group to present enamel fractures. Bracket bonding with unetched enamel and enamel etched with 10% phosphoric acid gel should be clinically investigated using the products tested. Descriptors Acid Etching, Dental/methods, Analysis of Variance, Ceramics, Composite Resins, Dental Bonding, Dental Cements/chemistry, Dental Enamel/ultrastructure, Dental Stress Analysis, Humans, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Orthodontic Brackets, Stress, Mechanical, Surface Properties, Tensile Strength Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Garcia-Godoy,F., Martin,S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

E-mail