WTS database

Title	Pub Year	Author	SearchLink Sort descending
Pharmacological interventions for promoting smoking cessation during pregnancy	2012	Division of Primary Care, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK. tim.coleman@nottingham.ac.uk.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Cochrane database of systematic reviews Periodical, Abbrev. Cochrane Database Syst.Rev. Pub Date Free Form 12-Sep Volume (9):CD010078. doi Issue 9 Start Page CD010078 Other Pages Notes LR: 20160602; GR: Department of Health/United Kingdom; JID: 100909747; UIN: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;(12):CD010078. PMID: 26690977; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-493X; 1361-6137 Accession Number PMID: 22972148 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review; IM DOI 10.1002/14651858.CD010078 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22972148 Abstract BACKGROUND: Smoking in pregnancy is a substantial public health problem. When used by non-pregnant smokers, pharmacotherapies [nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), bupropion and varenicline] are effective treatments for smoking cessation, however, their efficacy and safety in pregnancy remains unknown. OBJECTIVES: To determine the efficacy and safety of smoking cessation pharmacotherapies, including NRT, varenicline and bupropion (or any other medications) when used to support smoking cessation in pregnancy. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Pregnancy and Childbirth Group's Trials Register (5 March 2012), checked references of retrieved studies and contacted authors in the field. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) with designs that permit the independent effects of any type of NRT (e.g. patch, gum etc.) or any other pharmacotherapy on smoking cessation to be ascertained were eligible for inclusion. Trials must provide very similar (ideally identical) levels of behavioural support or cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) to participants in active drug and comparator trial arms.The following RCT designs are considered acceptable.Placebo RCTs: any form of NRT or other pharmacotherapy, with or without behavioural support/CBT, or brief advice compared with placebo NRT and additional support of similar intensity.RCTs providing a comparison between i) behavioural support/CBT or brief advice and ii) any form of NRT or other pharmacotherapy added to behavioural support of similar (ideally identical) intensity.Parallel- or cluster-randomised design trials are eligible for inclusion. However, quasi-randomised, cross-over and within-participant designs are not eligible for inclusion due to the potential biases associated with these designs. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two review authors independently assessed trials for inclusion and risk of bias and extracted data. Two assessors independently extracted data and cross checked individual outcomes of this process to ensure accuracy. The primary efficacy outcome was smoking cessation in later pregnancy (in all but one trial, at or around delivery); safety was assessed by seven birth outcomes that indicated neonatal well being and we also collated data on adherence. MAIN RESULTS: Six trials of NRT enrolling 1745 pregnant smokers were included; we found no trials of varenicline or bupropion. No statistically significant difference was seen for smoking cessation in later pregnancy after using NRT as compared to control (risk ratio (RR) 1.33, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.93 to 1.91, six studies, 1745 women). Subgroup analysis comparing placebo-RCTs with those which did not use placebos found that efficacy estimates for cessation varied with trial design (placebo RCTs, RR 1.20, 95% CI 0.93 to 1.56, four studies, 1524 women; non-placebo RCTs, RR 7.81, 95% CI 1.51 to 40.35, two studies, 221 women; P value for random-effects subgroup interaction test = 0.03). There were no statistically significant differences in rates of miscarriage, stillbirth, premature birth, birthweight, low birthweight, admissions to neonatal intensive care or neonatal death between NRT or control groups. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Nicotine replacement therapy is the only pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation that has been tested in RCTs conducted in pregnancy. There is insufficient evidence to determine whether or not NRT is effective or safe when used to promote smoking cessation in pregnancy or to determine whether or not using NRT has positive or negative impacts on birth outcomes. Further research evidence of efficacy and safety is needed, ideally from placebo-controlled RCTs that investigate higher doses of NRT than were tested in the included studies. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Coleman,T., Chamberlain,C., Davey,M.A., Cooper,S.E., Leonardi-Bee,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20120912 PMCID Editors
Risks factors for recurrent neurological decompression sickness in recreational divers: a case-control study	2012	Department of Hyperbaric and Diving Medicine, Sainte Anne's Military Hospital, Toulon, France. gempp@voila.fr	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness Periodical, Abbrev. J.Sports Med.Phys.Fitness Pub Date Free Form Oct Volume 52 Issue 5 Start Page 530 Other Pages 536 Notes JID: 0376337; ppublish Place of Publication Italy ISSN/ISBN 0022-4707; 0022-4707 Accession Number PMID: 22976740 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI R40123675 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22976740 Abstract AIM: Individual or environmental factors that predispose to the recurrence of neurological decompression sickness (DCS) in scuba divers are not known and preventive measures designed to mitigate the risk of a subsequent episode remain empirical. The aim of this controlled study was to examine some potential risk factors predictive of recurrent DCS event that may lead to practical recommendations for divers who wish to continue diving after an initial episode. METHODS: Age, gender, diving experience, presence of a large right-to-left shunt (RLS) and diving practice following post-DCS resumption were evaluated as potential predictors of a further DCS in recreational divers admitted in our hyperbaric facility over a period of 12 years. RESULTS: Twenty-four recurrent cases and 50 divers treated for a single DCS episode which continued diving were recruited after review of medical forms and follow-up interview by telephone. After controlling for potential confounding variables between groups, multivariate analysis revealed that experienced divers (OR, 3.8; 95%CI, 1.1-14; P=0.03), the presence of large RLS (OR, 5.4; 95%CI, 1.5-19.7; P=0.006) and the lack of changes in the way of diving after prior DCS (OR, 8.4; 95%CI, 2.3-31.1; P=0.001) were independently associated with a repeated episode. CONCLUSION: The findings highlight the importance for divers to adopt conservative dives profiles or to use preferentially oxygen-enriched breathing mixtures after an initial DCS. Closure of a documented RLS through a large patent foramen ovale as a secondary preventive procedure for individuals that cannot adapt their diving practice remains debatable. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Gempp,E., Louge,P., Blatteau,J.E., Hugon,M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Evaluation of fast volatile analysis for detection of Botrytis cinerea infections in strawberry	2012	BIOSYST-MeBioS, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Food Microbiology Periodical, Abbrev. Food Microbiol. Pub Date Free Form Dec Volume 32 Issue 2 Start Page 406 Other Pages 414 Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2012; JID: 8601127; 0 (Volatile Organic Compounds); 2011/10/21 [received]; 2012/07/04 [revised]; 2012/08/06 [accepted]; 2012/08/11 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1095-9998; 0740-0020 Accession Number PMID: 22986207 Language eng SubFile Evaluation Studies; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.fm.2012.08.002 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22986207 Abstract Grey mold (Botrytis cinerea) is one of the major phytopathogens causing serious losses during strawberry postharvest and storage. B. cinerea-host interaction affect emissions of volatile compounds during infection resulting in a characteristic earthy, mushroom odor. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate two analytical techniques based on fast volatile analysis on their performance for monitoring evolution and early detection of B. cinerea infections in strawberry. In a first experiment headspace multi-capillary column-ion mobility spectrometry (HS MCC-IMS) has been successfully used to evaluate development of strawberry aroma during shelflife. In a second experiment the same technique has been used to detect the degree of B. cinerea infection through changes in the volatile profile. Additionally, these samples were analyzed with headspace solid-phase-microextraction fast GC-MS (HS SPME fast GC-MS). Both HS MCC-IMS and HS SPME fast GC-MS could determine the changes in volatile composition as a function of the degree of B. cinerea infection as determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and could be used to follow the evolution of infection. According to the ELISA data, some fruit were infected even without any symptoms and volatiles produced by the fungus may be overshadowed by the fruit volatiles. Therefore, both analytical techniques could not be used for early detection of B. cinerea infections. After identification of the volatile compounds and multivariate data analysis, potential biomarkers specific for B. cinerea were highlighted, being 3-methylbutanal, cis-4-decenal, 2-methyl-1-butanol, 2-methyl-1-propanol, 1-octen-3-one and 1-octen-3-ol. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier Ltd Data Source Authors Vandendriessche,T., Keulemans,J., Geeraerd,A., Nicolai,B.M., Hertog,M.L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20120811 PMCID Editors
Lower risk of decompression sickness after recommendation of conservative decompression practices in divers with and without vascular right-to-left shunt	2012	HNO-Praxis am Odeonsplatz, Brienner Strasse 13, 80333 Munchen, Germany. info@tauchersprechstunde.de	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Diving and hyperbaric medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Diving.Hyperb.Med. Pub Date Free Form Sep Volume 42 Issue 3 Start Page 146 Other Pages 150 Notes LR: 20141212; JID: 101282742; N762921K75 (Nitrogen); 2011/07/31 [received]; 2012/06/17 [accepted]; ppublish Place of Publication Australia ISSN/ISBN 1833-3516; 1833-3516 Accession Number PMID: 22987461 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22987461 Abstract INTRODUCTION: A vascular right-to-left shunt (r/l shunt) is a well-known risk factor for the development of decompression sickness (DCS). No studies to date have examined whether divers with a history of DCS with or without a r/l shunt have a reduced risk of suffering recurrent DCS when diving more conservative dive profiles (CDP). METHODS: Twenty-seven divers with a history of DCS recommended previously to dive more conservatively were included in this study and retrospectively interviewed by phone to determine the incidence of DCS recurrence. RESULTS: Twenty-seven divers performed 17,851 dives before examination in our department and 9,236 after recommendations for conservative diving. Mean follow up was 5.3 years (range 0-11 years). Thirty-eight events of DCS occurred in total, 34 before and four after recommendation of CDP. Four divers had a closure of their patent foramen ovale (PFO). A highly significant reduction of DCS risk was observed after recommendation of CDP for the whole group as well as for the sub-groups with or without a r/l shunt. A significant reduction of DCS risk in respect to r/l shunt size was also observed. DISCUSSION: This study indicates that recommendations to reduce nitrogen load after DCS appear to reduce the risk of developing subsequent DCS. This finding is independent of whether the divers have a r/l shunt or of shunt size. The risk of suffering recurrent DCS after recommendation for CDP is less than or equal to an unselected cohort of divers. CONCLUSION: Recommendation for CDP seems to significantly reduce the risk of recurrent DCS. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Klingmann,C., Rathmann,N., Hausmann,D., Bruckner,T., Kern,R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Associations between hookah tobacco smoking knowledge and hookah smoking behavior among US college students	2013	Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Health education research Periodical, Abbrev. Health Educ.Res. Pub Date Free Form Feb Volume 28 Issue 1 Start Page 92 Other Pages 100 Notes LR: 20151119; GR: K07 CA114315/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 CA140150/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01-CA140150/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 8608459; OID: NLM: PMC3549589; 2012/09/17 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1465-3648; 0268-1153 Accession Number PMID: 22987864 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; T DOI 10.1093/her/cys095 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22987864 Abstract Hookah tobacco smoking is increasing among US college students, including those who would not otherwise use tobacco. Part of hookah's appeal is attributed to the perception that hookah is less harmful than cigarettes. The aims of this study were to assess knowledge of harmful exposures associated with hookah smoking relative to cigarette smoking and to determine associations between this knowledge and hookah smoking outcomes. Students (N = 852) at the University of Florida were randomly sampled via e-mail to obtain information on demographics, hookah smoking behavior and knowledge of five exposures (e.g. tar and nicotine). Multivariable logistic regression models assessed independent associations between knowledge and hookah smoking outcomes. Of the five factual knowledge items asked, 475 (55.8%) of the respondents answered none correctly. In multivariable models, correct responses to any knowledge items were not associated with lower odds of hookah smoking or susceptibility to hookah smoking in the future. Although college students are largely unaware of the toxicant exposures associated with hookah smoking, there is little association between knowledge and hookah smoking behavior. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Nuzzo,E., Shensa,A., Kim,K.H., Fine,M.J., Barnett,T.E., Cook,R., Primack,B.A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20120917 PMCID PMC3549589 Editors
Electronic cigarette use among teenagers and young adults in Poland	2012	Tobacco Dependence Research Unit, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, 55 Philpot Street, London, E1 2JH, UK. m.goniewicz@qmul.ac.uk	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Pediatrics Periodical, Abbrev. Pediatrics Pub Date Free Form Oct Volume 130 Issue 4 Start Page e879 Other Pages 85 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 0376422; 0 (Ganglionic Stimulants); 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); 2012/09/17 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1098-4275; 0031-4005 Accession Number PMID: 22987874 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; AIM; IM DOI 10.1542/peds.2011-3448 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22987874 Abstract BACKGROUND: Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are battery-powered devices developed with the goal of mimicking the action of smoking, including nicotine delivery, without the toxic effects of tobacco smoke. Little is known about the uptake of e-cigarettes among young people. METHODS: A survey was conducted with a cluster sample of 20240 students enrolled at 176 nationally representative Polish high schools and universities between September 2010 and June 2011. We estimated national e-cigarette prevalence among various demographic groups by using population weights. Multiple logistic regression was used to evaluate which demographic factors were independent predictors of 2 outcomes: ever use of e-cigarettes and use in the previous 30 days. RESULTS: Among high school students, aged 15 to 19 years, 23.5% had ever used e-cigarettes and 8.2% had done so within the previous 30 days. Among those in universities, aged 20 to 24 years, 19.0% had ever used an e-cigarette and 5.9% had done so in the previous 30 days. In multivariate analyses that controlled for covariates, smoking cigarettes, male gender, living in an urban area, and having parents who smoke were associated with ever use of e-cigarettes. Overall, 3.2% of never smoking students reported ever use of e-cigarettes. CONCLUSIONS: About one-fifth of Polish youth have tried e-cigarettes; most of them had previously smoked cigarettes. It is unclear whether e-cigarettes are just a novelty that young people try only once or whether they have potential to compete in the marketplace with conventional cigarettes. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Goniewicz,M.L., Zielinska-Danch,W. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20120917 PMCID Editors
Patterns of dual use of snus and cigarettes in a mature snus market	2013	Department of Tobacco, Norwegian Institute for Alcohol and Drug Research, Oslo, Norway. kel@sirus.no	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Mar Volume 15 Issue 3 Start Page 678 Other Pages 684 Notes LR: 20150223; JID: 9815751; OID: NLM: PMC3572872; 2012/09/18 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-994X; 1462-2203 Accession Number PMID: 22990221 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1093/ntr/nts185 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22990221 Abstract INTRODUCTION: We examine the prevalence of dual use of snus and cigarettes among Norwegian men by categorizing dual use into four categories according to the frequency of use of each product, considering the order of uptake of both products, and examining reasons for additional snus use. We compare dual users and exclusive cigarette smokers with respect to their smoking intensity, plans for quitting smoking, and future smoking identity. METHODS: We used a data pool of six cross-sectional, national representative surveys conducted annually in the period 2005-2010 containing a total of 3,524 males aged 16-74. RESULTS: 6.8% of men had some kind of current concomitant use of snus and cigarettes--but only 1% reported a daily consumption of both products. The most typical pattern of dual use was a combination where daily use of one product was paired with occasional use of the other. Dual users consumed significantly fewer cigarettes per week (56.6; n = 226; SD, 53.82) than smokers who had either quit snus (79.6; n = 108; SD, 61.47) or single smokers with no history of snus use (80.2; n = 621; SD, 55.86). Only 24% with a history of dual use reported snus to be their first tobacco product, but the proportion who had initiated tobacco use with snus increased significantly with younger age. Among dual users with daily intake of snus, a majority of 53.6% reported that the purpose of their snus use was to quit smoking. A higher proportion of dual users (74.4%; 95% CI, 68.8-80.0; n = 235) than exclusive smokers (61.3%; 95% CI, 57.6-65.0; n = 658) reported that they most definitely or probably would be totally smoke-free 5 years into the future. CONCLUSIONS: In the mature snus market of Norway, the magnitude of dual use of cigarettes and snus is relatively small. Dual users consume fewer cigarettes, and a higher proportion portray themselves as smoke-free in the future than do exclusive cigarette smokers. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Lund,K.E., McNeill,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20120918 PMCID PMC3572872 Editors
The effect of graphic cigarette warning labels on smoking behavior: evidence from the Canadian experience	2013	Department of Economics, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada. s.azagba@dal.ca	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Mar Volume 15 Issue 3 Start Page 708 Other Pages 717 Notes JID: 9815751; EIN: Nicotine Tob Res. 2013 May;15(5):1000-2; 2012/09/18 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-994X; 1462-2203 Accession Number PMID: 22990228 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1093/ntr/nts194 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22990228 Abstract INTRODUCTION: There is a substantial literature that graphic tobacco warnings are effective; however, there is limited evidence based on actual smoking behavior. The objective of this paper is to assess the effect of graphic cigarette warning labels on smoking prevalence and quit attempts. METHODS: A nationally representative sample of individuals aged 15 years and older from the Canadian National Population Health Survey 1998-2008 is used. The sample consists of 4,853 individuals for the smoking prevalence regression and 1,549 smokers for quit attempts. The generalized estimating equation (GEE) model was used to examine the population-averaged (marginal) effects of tobacco graphic warnings on smoking prevalence and quit attempts. To assess the effect of graphic tobacco health warnings on smoking behavior, we used a scaled variable that takes the value of 0 for the first 6 months in 2001, then increases gradually to 1 from December 2001. RESULTS: We found that graphic warnings had a statistically significant effect on smoking prevalence and quit attempts. In particular, the warnings decreased the odds of being a smoker (odds ratio [OR] = 0.875; 95% CI = 0.821-0.932) and increased the odds of making a quit attempt (OR = 1.330, CI = 1.187-1.490). Similar results were obtained when we allowed for more time for the warnings to appear in retail outlets. CONCLUSION: This study adds to the growing body of evidence on the effectiveness of graphic warnings. Our findings suggest that warnings had a significant effect on smoking prevalence and quit attempts in Canada. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Azagba,S., Sharaf,M.F. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20120918 PMCID Editors
Measuring indoor air quality of hookah lounges	2012	Health Promotion and Chronic Disease section of the Oregon Public Health Division, Oregon Health Authority, Portland, OR 97232-2195, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full American Journal of Public Health Periodical, Abbrev. Am.J.Public Health Pub Date Free Form Nov Volume 102 Issue 11 Start Page 2043 Other Pages 2045 Notes LR: 20150222; JID: 1254074; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); OID: NLM: PMC3477955; 2012/09/20 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1541-0048; 0090-0036 Accession Number PMID: 22994168 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; AIM; IM DOI 10.2105/AJPH.2012.300751 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22994168 Abstract Many states have implemented smoke-free workplace laws to protect employees and customers from exposure to secondhand smoke. However, exemptions in these laws have allowed indoor tobacco smoking in hookah lounges to proliferate in recent years. To describe the amount of secondhand smoke in hookah lounges, we measured the indoor air quality of 10 hookah lounges in Oregon. Air quality measurements ranged from "unhealthy" to "hazardous" according to Environmental Protection Agency standards, indicating a potential health risk for patrons and employees. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Fiala,S.C., Morris,D.S., Pawlak,R.L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20120920 PMCID PMC3477955 Editors
Patterns of electronic cigarette use and user beliefs about their safety and benefits: an internet survey	2013	UK Centre for Tobacco Control Studies, Tobacco Dependence Research Unit, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK. m.goniewicz@qmul.ac.uk	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Drug and Alcohol Review Periodical, Abbrev. Drug Alcohol Rev. Pub Date Free Form Mar Volume 32 Issue 2 Start Page 133 Other Pages 140 Notes LR: 20150222; CI: (c) 2012; GR: R25 CA113710/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R25CA113710/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom; GR: British Heart Foundation/United Kingdom; GR: Medical Research Council/United Kingdom; JID: Place of Publication Australia ISSN/ISBN 1465-3362; 0959-5236 Accession Number PMID: 22994631 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1111/j.1465-3362.2012.00512.x [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22994631 Abstract INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: As the popularity of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) increases, it is becoming important to find out more about the characteristics of e-cigarette users, why and how they use the product and whether e-cigarettes are used exclusively or in combination with conventional cigarettes. The objective of this study was to investigate patterns and effects of e-cigarette use and user beliefs about e-cigarette safety and benefits. DESIGN AND METHODS: E-cigarette users in Poland were recruited online and asked to participate in a web-based survey. The participants provided information on their smoking history, patterns of e-cigarette use, beliefs and attitudes regarding the product and information on concurrent use of conventional cigarettes. RESULTS: The survey was completed by 179 e-cigarette users. Almost all participants used e-cigarettes daily. E-cigarettes were primarily used to quit smoking or to reduce the harm associated with smoking (both 41%), and were successful in helping the surveyed users to achieve these goals with 66% not smoking conventional cigarettes at all and 25% smoking under five cigarettes a day. Most participants (82%) did not think that e-cigarettes were completely safe, but thought that they were less dangerous than conventional cigarettes. Sixty percent believed that e-cigarettes were addictive, but less so than conventional cigarettes. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: The participants primarily used e-cigarettes as a stop-smoking aid or as an alternative to conventional cigarettes, and the majority reported that they successfully stopped smoking. More data on e-cigarette safety and its efficacy in harm-reduction and smoking cessation are needed. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Australasian Professional Society on Alcohol and other Drugs Data Source Authors Goniewicz,M.L., Lingas,E.O., Hajek,P. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20120920 PMCID PMC3530631 Editors

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