WTS database

Title	Pub Year Sort descending	Author	SearchLink
Impact of national smoke-free legislation on home smoking bans: findings from the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Project Europe Surveys	2013	German Cancer Research Center, Unit Cancer Prevention and WHO Collaborating Centre for Tobacco Control, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany. u.mons@dkfz.de	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tobacco control Periodical, Abbrev. Tob.Control Pub Date Free Form May Volume 22 Issue e1 Start Page e2 Other Pages 9 Notes LR: 20150225; GR: 57897/Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada; GR: 79551/Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada; GR: C312/A6465/Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom; GR: P01 CA138389/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: P01 CA138389/CA/NCI NIH HH Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1468-3318; 0964-4563 Accession Number PMID: 22331456 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2011-050131 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22331456 Abstract OBJECTIVES: To measure changes in prevalence and predictors of home smoking bans (HSBs) among smokers in four European countries after the implementation of national smoke-free legislation. DESIGN: Two waves of the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Project Europe Surveys, which is a prospective panel study. Pre- and post-legislation data were used from Ireland, France, Germany and the Netherlands. Two pre-legislation waves from the UK were used as control. PARTICIPANTS: 4634 respondents from the intervention countries and 1080 from the control country completed both baseline and follow-up and were included in the present analyses. METHODS: Multiple logistic regression models to identify predictors of having or of adopting a total HSB, and Generalised Estimating Equation models to compare patterns of change after implementation of smoke-free legislation to a control country without such legislation. RESULTS: Most smokers had at least partial smoking restrictions in their home, but the proportions varied significantly between countries. After implementation of national smoke-free legislation, the proportion of smokers with a total HSB increased significantly in all four countries. Among continuing smokers, the number of cigarettes smoked per day either remained stable or decreased significantly. Multiple logistic regression models indicated that having a young child in the household and supporting smoking bans in bars were important correlates of having a pre-legislation HSB. Prospective predictors of imposing a HSB between survey waves were planning to quit smoking, supporting a total smoking ban in bars and the birth of a child. Generalised Estimating Equation models indicated that the change in total HSB in the intervention countries was greater than that in the control country. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that smoke-free legislation does not lead to more smoking in smokers' homes. On the contrary, our findings demonstrate that smoke-free legislation may stimulate smokers to establish total smoking bans in their homes. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Mons,U., Nagelhout,G.E., Allwright,S., Guignard,R., van den Putte,B., Willemsen,M.C., Fong,G.T., Brenner,H., Potschke-Langer,M., Breitling,L.P. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20120213 PMCID PMC4010876 Editors
An exploratory randomized controlled trial of a novel high-school-based smoking cessation intervention for adolescent smokers using abstinence-contingent incentives and cognitive behavioral therapy	2013	Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, United States. suchitra.krishnan-sarin@yale.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Drug and alcohol dependence Periodical, Abbrev. Drug Alcohol Depend. Pub Date Free Form 1-Sep Volume 132 Issue 2-Jan Start Page 346 Other Pages 351 Notes LR: 20150427; CI: Copyright (c) 2013; GR: P50 DA009241/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: P50DA009241/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; JID: 7513587; K5161X06LL (Cotinine); NIHMS461276; OID: NLM: NIHMS461276; OID: NLM: PMC3748248; OTO: NOTNLM; 2013/02/01 [re Place of Publication Ireland ISSN/ISBN 1879-0046; 0376-8716 Accession Number PMID: 23523130 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.03.002 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23523130 Abstract BACKGROUND: There are few effective smoking cessation interventions for adolescent smokers. We developed a novel intervention to motivate tobacco use behavior change by (1) enhancing desire to quit through the use of abstinence-contingent incentives (CM), (2) increasing cessation skills through the use of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), and (3) removing cessation barriers through delivery within high schools. METHODS: An exploratory four-week, randomized controlled trial was conducted in Connecticut high schools to dismantle the independent and combined effects of CM and CBT; smokers received CM alone, CBT alone, or CM+CBT. Participants included 82 adolescent smokers seeking smoking cessation treatment. The primary outcome was seven-day end-of-treatment (EOT) point prevalence (PP) abstinence, determined using self-reports confirmed using urine cotinine levels. Secondary outcomes included one-day EOT PP abstinence and cigarette use during treatment and follow up. RESULTS: Among participants who initiated treatment (n=72), group differences in seven-day EOT-PP abstinence were observed (chi(2)=10.48, p Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier Ireland Ltd Data Source Authors Krishnan-Sarin,S., Cavallo,D.A., Cooney,J.L., Schepis,T.S., Kong,G., Liss,T.B., Liss,A.K., McMahon,T.J., Nich,C., Babuscio,T., Rounsaville,B.J., Carroll,K.M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20130322 PMCID PMC3748248 Editors
One stage, full-mouth, ultrasonic debridement in the treatment of severe chronic periodontitis in smokers: a preliminary, blind and randomized clinical trial	2013	Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of the International Academy of Periodontology Periodical, Abbrev. J.Int.Acad.Periodontol. Pub Date Free Form Jul Volume 15 Issue 3 Start Page 83 Other Pages 90 Notes JID: 100888553; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1466-2094; 1466-2094 Accession Number PMID: 24079100 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; D DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24079100 Abstract OBJECTIVE: The aim of this clinical trial was to assess the performance of a full-mouth ultrasonic debridement protocol in the treatment of severe chronic periodontitis in comparison with scaling and root planing in a quadrant-wise procedure in smokers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The trial consisted of 30 participants presenting with periodontitis divided into 3 groups: Group FMUD - full-mouth ultrasonic debridement, i.e., one session of 45 minutes of ultrasonic instrumentation for smokers (n = 10), Group SRP- scaling and root planing performed in a quadrant-wise manner for smokers (n = 10), and Group Control - SRP for nonsmokers (n = 10), treated following the same protocol as the SRP group. The parameters evaluated were: plaque/bleeding on probing indices, probing pocket depth, relative recession, and relative probing attachment level at baseline, 45, 90 and 180 days after therapy. RESULTS: Full-mouth ultrasonic debridement and scaling and root planing resulted in comparable gain of attachment 6 months after therapy. Both groups exhibited probing pocket depth reduction at all experimental periods as compared to baseline. Smokers, however, had less probing pocket depth reduction and relative probing attachment level gain compared to non-smokers, despite the mechanical protocol used (p 5 mm and bleeding on probing) than smokers (p Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Meulman,T., Giorgetti,A.P., Gimenes,J., Casarin,R.C., Peruzzo,D.C., Nociti,F.H.,Jr Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Persian Gulf and Caspian Sea: gold nanoparticles fiber for a head space solid phase micro extraction	2013	Department of Chemistry, Shahr-e-Rey Branch, Islamic Azad University, P. O. Box 18735-334, Tehran, Iran.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology Periodical, Abbrev. Bull.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. Pub Date Free Form Mar Volume 90 Issue 3 Start Page 291 Other Pages 295 Notes JID: 0046021; 0 (Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic); 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical); 7440-57-5 (Gold); 2012/09/18 [received]; 2012/11/17 [accepted]; 2012/11/25 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1432-0800; 0007-4861 Accession Number PMID: 23183967 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1007/s00128-012-0906-2 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23183967 Abstract A gold nanoparticles modified fused silica fiber was developed and used for the head space solid phase micro-extraction (HS-SPME) of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), including naphthalene, anthracene, acenaphthylene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene and pyrene. The effects of different parameters influencing the extraction efficiency including extraction temperature, extraction time, ionic strength, stirring rate and sample volume were examined and optimized. Linear ranges of 1-300 mug L(-1) for naphthalene, 0.5-250 mug L(-1) for anthracene, acenaphthylene and phenanthrene and 0.05-200 mug L(-1) for fluoranthene and pyrene were obtained. Detection limits were in the range of 10-200 mug L(-1). Single fiber repeatability and fiber to fiber reproducibility were less than 2.5 %-6.0 % and 8.5 %-13.6 %, respectively. Seawater samples were analyzed as real samples and good recoveries (91.9 %-105.3 %) were obtained for target analytes. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Karimi,M., Aboufazeli,F., Zhad,H.R., Sadeghi,O., Najafi,E. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20121125 PMCID Editors
Evaluation of knowledge and behavior of and attitudes towards smoking cigarettes and using smokeless tobacco in patients with chronic renal failure	2013	Department of Family Medicine, Medical Faculty, Kahramanmaras Sutcuimam University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey. hakisucakli@gmail.com	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Transplantation proceedings Periodical, Abbrev. Transplant.Proc. Pub Date Free Form Jul-Aug Volume 45 Issue 6 Start Page 2129 Other Pages 2132 Notes LR: 20151119; CI: Copyright (c) 2013; JID: 0243532; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 2012/11/02 [received]; 2012/12/18 [revised]; 2013/03/06 [accepted]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1873-2623; 0041-1345 Accession Number PMID: 23953522 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1016/j.transproceed.2013.03.027 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23953522 Abstract BACKGROUND: Smoking can have negative effects on renal function in healthy individuals, which may result in kidney disease. To determine knowledge, behavior, and attitudes toward smoking cigarettes and using smokeless tobacco among patients with chronic renal failure, we sought to provide evidence for appropriate precautions and guidance for further research. METHODS: The study included 86.7% of 390 patients undergoing treatment for chronic renal failure who completed a 30-question instrument. RESULTS: Of the participants, 7.9% were smokers and 12.6% ex-smokers. Among the smokers, 61% said they wanted to quit and 45% said they needed help to quit. Of the participants, 9.5% were using Maras powder, a type of smokeless tobacco. Of the smokeless tobacco users, 55.6% noted that they wanted to give it up. The rate of the participants smoking cigarettes and/or using smokeless tobacco was 17.4%. In addition, 38.9% of the participants said that they started to use smokeless tobacco to quit smoking cigarettes. Of the participants, 62.6% thought smoking was harmful to the kidneys. The rate of the passive smokers was 30.2%. Of the participants, 66.3% explained that they were exposed to smoke at home. CONCLUSIONS: Appropriate interventions should begin to help patients with chronic renal failure stop smoking and to prevent them from exposure to cigarette smoke. Smokers should be informed that using smokeless tobacco is not a way to stop smoking cigarettes. Education programs should be conducted to prevent people from using smokeless tobacco and to help smokeless tobacco users to quit their habit. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier Inc Data Source Authors Sucakli,M.H., Kahraman,H., Altunoren,O., Celik,M., Sayarlioglu,H., Dogan,E. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
5-Acetyl-4-(3-hy-droxy-phen-yl)-6-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetra-hydro-pyrimidin-2-one-tris -(hy-droxy-meth-yl)ammonium chloride (2/1)	2013	PG & Research Department of Chemistry, The New College (Autonomous), Chennai 600 014, Tamilnadu, India.; PG & Research Department of Chemistry, The New College (Autonomous), Chennai 600 014, Tamilnadu, India.; Department of Physics, The New College (Auton	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Acta crystallographica.Section E, Structure reports online Periodical, Abbrev. Acta Crystallogr.Sect.E.Struct.Rep.Online Pub Date Free Form 13-Nov Volume 69 Issue Pt 12 Start Page o1766 Other Pages 7 Notes LR: 20140127; JID: 101089178; OID: NLM: PMC3885040; 2013/12/01 [ecollection]; 2013/10/28 [received]; 2013/11/07 [accepted]; 2013/11/13 [epublish]; epublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1600-5368; 1600-5368 Accession Number PMID: 24454216 Language eng SubFile Journal Article DOI 10.1107/S1600536813030559 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24454216 Abstract The asymmetric unit of the title compound, 2C13H14N2O3.C3H10NO3 (+).Cl(-), contains two independent mol-ecules (A and B) of the title pyrimidine derivative and one ion-pair of tris-(hy-droxy-meth-yl)ammonium chloride. The pyrimidine ring in each pyrimidine derivative has a half-chair conformation. Its mean plane is inclined to the benzene ring by 87.2 (3) degrees in mol-ecule A and 85.7 (2) degrees in mol-ecule B. In the crystal, the pyrimidine derivatives are connected to each other by N-Hcdots, three dots, centeredO hydrogen bonds, forming chains propagating along the b-axis direction. The chains are linked via O-H-Cl hydrogen bonds, forming corrugated sheets lying parallel to the bc plane. The sheets are linked via C-Hcdots, three dots, centeredO hydrogen bonds, forming a three-dimensional framework. The tris-(hy-droxy-meth-yl)ammonium chloride mol-ecules are located in the cages of the framework. There are also further C-Hcdots, three dots, centeredO hydrogen bonds and C-Hcdots, three dots, centeredpi inter-actions present in the three-dimensional framework structure. Both the cation and chloride anion of the tris-(hy-droxy-meth-yl)ammonium chloride ion pair are disordered over two positions, with a refined occupancy ratio of 0.418 (8):0.582 (8) for the cation and 0.71 (4):0.29 (4) for the anion. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Huq,C.A., Fouzia,S., Nizammohideen,M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20131113 PMCID PMC3885040 Editors
The forgotten smoker: a qualitative study of attitudes towards smoking, quitting, and tobacco control policies among continuing smokers	2013	UK Centre for Tobacco Control Studies, University of Nottingham, Clinical Sciences Building, City Hospital, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK. mcxnu1@nottingham.ac.uk	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full BMC public health Periodical, Abbrev. BMC Public Health Pub Date Free Form 3-May Volume 13 Issue Start Page 432 Other Pages 2458-13-432 Notes LR: 20150427; JID: 100968562; OID: NLM: PMC3651294; 2012/07/25 [received]; 2013/04/22 [accepted]; 2013/05/03 [aheadofprint]; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1471-2458; 1471-2458 Accession Number PMID: 23641875 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1186/1471-2458-13-432 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23641875 Abstract BACKGROUND: Although research suggests that the majority of smokers want to quit smoking, the uptake of Stop Smoking Services, designed to assist smokers with quitting, remains low. Little is known about continuing smokers who do not access these services, and opportunities to influence their motivation and encourage quit attempts through the uptake of services. Using PRIME theory, this study explored differences between continuing smokers who had varying levels of motivation to quit, in terms of their plans to quit, evaluative beliefs about smoking, cigarette dependence, and attitudes towards tobacco control policies and services. METHODS: Twenty-two current smokers, recruited from the community, were classified by motivation level to quit using a self-report questionnaire (two groups: high/low). Four focus groups (n=13) and individual interviews (n=9) were conducted with both groups using an interview guide incorporating aspects of PRIME theory. Discussion areas included motives for smoking, attitudes towards smoking and quitting, perceptions of dependence, motives for quitting, barriers to quitting, and attitudes towards existing and impending tobacco control policies and services. Verbatim transcripts were analysed using thematic framework analysis. RESULTS: All participants expressed low motivation to quit during discussions, despite some initially self-classifying as having high explicit levels of motivation to quit. Both groups reported similar attitudes towards smoking and quitting, including a perceived psychological addiction to smoking, positive evaluations about smoking which inhibited plans to quit, and similar suggested methods to increase motivation (simply wanting to, save money, improve health). Most felt that they 'ought' to quit as opposed to 'wanted' to. Little influence was ascribed towards tobacco control policies such as plain packaging and hidden sales displays, and participants felt that price increases of tobacco products needed to be considerable in order to influence motivation. Highly motivated smokers expressed more willingness to visit Stop Smoking Services, although none had done so. CONCLUSION: Continuing smokers' attitudes towards smoking and quitting suggests that research and policy need to focus on increasing smokers' implicit motivation to quit smoking, even for those who classified themselves as having high motivation to quit. Targeted information and further education about Stop Smoking Services is required to increase uptake. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Uppal,N., Shahab,L., Britton,J., Ratschen,E. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20130503 PMCID PMC3651294 Editors
Dissemination and characterization of plasmids carrying oqxAB-bla CTX-M genes in Escherichia coli isolates from food-producing animals	2013	College of Veterinary Medicine, National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (SCAU), South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full PloS one Periodical, Abbrev. PLoS One Pub Date Free Form 9-Sep Volume 8 Issue 9 Start Page e73947 Other Pages Notes LR: 20150422; JID: 101285081; 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents); 0 (Quinolones); EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-Lactamases); OID: NLM: PMC3767592; 2013 [ecollection]; 2013/04/28 [received]; 2013/07/24 [accepted]; 2013/09/09 [epublish]; epublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1932-6203; 1932-6203 Accession Number PMID: 24040123 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0073947 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24040123 Abstract BACKGROUND: The association of PMQR and ESBLs in negative-bacteria isolates has been of great concern. The present study was performed to investigate the prevalence of co-transferability of oqxAB and bla CTX-M genes among the 696 Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolates from food-producing animals in South China, and to characterize these plasmids. METHODS: The ESBL-encoding genes (bla(CTX-M), bla(TEM) and bla(SHV)), and PMQR (qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, qnrC, qnrD, aac(6')-Ib-cr, qepA, and oqxAB) of these 696 isolates were determined by PCR and sequenced directionally. Conjugation, S1 nuclease pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and Southern blotting experiments were performed to investigate the co-transferability and location of oqxAB and bla(CTX-M). The EcoRI digestion profiles of the plasmids with oqxAB-bla(CTX-M) were also analyzed. The clonal relatedness was investigated by PFGE. RESULTS: Of the 696 isolates, 429 harbored at least one PMQR gene, with oqxAB (328) being the most common type; 191 carried bla(CTX-M), with bla(CTX-M-14) the most common. We observed a significant higher prevalence of bla(CTX-M) among the oqxAB-positive isolates (38.7%) than that (17.4%) in the oqxAB-negative isolates. Co-transferability of oqxAB and bla(CTX-M) was found in 18 of the 127 isolates carrying oqxAB-bla(CTX-M). These two genes were located on the same plasmid in all the 18 isolates, with floR being on these plasmids in 13 isolates. The co-dissemination of these genes was mainly mediated by F33:A-: B- and HI2 plasmids with highly similar EcoRI digestion profiles. Diverse PFGE patterns indicated the high prevalence of oqxAB was not caused by clonal dissemination. CONCLUSION: bla(CTX-M) was highly prevalent among the oqxAB-positive isolates. The co-dissemination of oqxAB-bla(CTX-M) genes in E. coli isolates from food-producing animals is mediated mainly by similar F33:A-: B- and HI2 plasmids. This is the first report of the co-existence of oqxAB, bla(CTX-M), and floR on the same plasmids in E. coli. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Liu,B.T., Yang,Q.E., Li,L., Sun,J., Liao,X.P., Fang,L.X., Yang,S.S., Deng,H., Liu,Y.H. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20130909 PMCID PMC3767592 Editors
Khat chewing habit among school students of Jazan region, Saudi Arabia	2013	Family and Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full PloS one Periodical, Abbrev. PLoS One Pub Date Free Form 11-Jun Volume 8 Issue 6 Start Page e65504 Other Pages Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 101285081; OID: NLM: PMC3679146; 2013 [ppublish]; 2013/02/12 [received]; 2013/04/26 [accepted]; 2013/06/11 [epublish]; epublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1932-6203; 1932-6203 Accession Number PMID: 23776490 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0065504 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23776490 Abstract BACKGROUND: The use of Khat leaves (Catha edulis) in Jazan, southwest of KSA, is prevalent among all segments of the population. OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to assess the prevalence and predictors of Khat chewing among intermediate and secondary school students of Jazan region. METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in late 2011 in Jazan region. A random sample of 3923 students was selected from 72 intermediate and upper secondary schools representing the different educational sectors of the region. A structured self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Descriptive statistics, a chi-squared test and logistic regression were performed to examine the prevalence, associations and predictors of Khat chewing. RESULT: The overall Khat chewing prevalence among students was 20.5% (95% C.I.: 19.27-21.79). The prevalence was significantly higher among males, at 33.1% (95% CI: 31.16-35.08), than among females 4.3% (95% C.I.: 3.39-5.31) ( P Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Alsanosy,R.M., Mahfouz,M.S., Gaffar,A.M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20130611 PMCID PMC3679146 Editors
Chinese carless young drivers' self-reported driving behavior and simulated driving performance	2013	a Department of Industrial Engineering and Logistics Management , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , China.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Traffic injury prevention Periodical, Abbrev. Traffic Inj.Prev. Pub Date Free Form Volume 14 Issue 8 Start Page 853 Other Pages 860 Notes JID: 101144385; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1538-957X; 1538-9588 Accession Number PMID: 24073774 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1080/15389588.2013.771396 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24073774 Abstract OBJECTIVE: Carless young drivers refers to those drivers aged between 18 and 25 years who have a driver's license but seldom have opportunities to practice their driving skills because they do not have their own cars. Due to China's lower private car ownership, many young drivers become carless young drivers after licensure, and the safety issue associated with them has raised great concern in China. This study aims to provide initial insight into the self-reported driving behaviors and simulated driving performance of Chinese carless young drivers. METHODS: Thirty-three carless young drivers and 32 young drivers with their own cars (as a comparison group) participated in this study. A modified Driver Behavior Questionnaire (DBQ) with a 4-factor structure (errors, violations, attention lapses, and memory lapses) was used to study carless young drivers' self-reported driving behaviors. A simulated driving experiment using a low-cost, fixed-base driving simulator was conducted to measure their simulated driving performance (errors, violations, attention lapses, driving maintenance, reaction time, and accidents). RESULTS: Self-reported DBQ outcomes showed that carless young drivers reported similar errors, more attention lapses, fewer memory lapses, and significantly fewer violation behaviors relative to young drivers with their own cars, whereas simulated driving results revealed that they committed significantly more errors, attention lapses, and violation behaviors than the comparison group. Carless young drivers had a lower ability to maintain the stability of speed and lane position, drove more cautiously approaching and passing through red traffic lights, and committed more accidents during simulated driving. A tendency to speed was not found among carless young drivers; their average speed and speeding frequency were all much lower than that of the comparison group. Lifetime mileage was the only significant predictor of carless young drivers' self-reported violations, simulated violations, speed, and reaction time, whereas no significant predictor was found for young drivers with their own cars. CONCLUSIONS: Carless young drivers had poorer driving performance and were more overconfident of their self-reported driving skills compared to those young drivers with greater access to vehicles. Given that the lifetime mileage positively predicted the simulated violations measure of carless young drivers, immediate interventions are needed to help them increase driving exposure and gain driving experience gradually before moving to more challenging on-road driving tasks. Supplemental materials are available for this article. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Zhang,Q., Jiang,Z., Zheng,D., Man,D., Xu,X. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

E-mail