Image
WTS Database
The subject of interest is:
waterpipe, water-pipe, nargile, narghile, arguileh, arguile, shisha, sheesha, chichi, hubble bubble, hubbly bubbly, goza, hookah, bong
| Title | Pub Year Sort descending | Author | SearchLink |
|---|---|---|---|
| Notes from the field: electronic cigarette use among middle and high school students - United States, 2011-2012 | 2013 | Read more... | |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
MMWR.Morbidity and mortality weekly report
Periodical, Abbrev.
MMWR Morb.Mortal.Wkly.Rep.
Pub Date Free Form
6-Sep
Volume
62
Issue
35
Start Page
729
Other Pages
730
Notes
LR: 20151119; JID: 7802429; ppublish
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
1545-861X; 0149-2195
Accession Number
PMID: 24005229
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; IM
DOI
mm6235a6 [pii]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
24005229
Abstract
Electronic cigarettes, or e-cigarettes, are battery-powered devices that provide doses of nicotine and other additives to the user in an aerosol. Depending on the brand, e-cigarette cartridges typically contain nicotine, a component to produce the aerosol (e.g., propylene glycol or glycerol), and flavorings (e.g., fruit, mint, or chocolate). Potentially harmful constituents also have been documented in some e-cigarette cartridges, including irritants, genotoxins, and animal carcinogens. E-cigarettes that are not marketed for therapeutic purposes are currently unregulated by the Food and Drug Administration, and in most states there are no restrictions on the sale of e-cigarettes to minors. Use of e-cigarettes has increased among U.S. adult current and former smokers in recent years; however, the extent of use among youths is uncertain.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
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| The hazards of hospitals and selected public buildings of Legionella pneumophila | 2013 | Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie, Katedra i Zaklad Mikrobiologii Lekarskiej. agnieszka.sikora24@wp.pl; Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie, Katedra i Zaklad Mikrobiologii Lekarskiej.; Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie, Katedra i Zaklad Mikrobiologii Lekarskiej.; | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Polski merkuriusz lekarski : organ Polskiego Towarzystwa Lekarskiego
Periodical, Abbrev.
Pol.Merkur Lekarski
Pub Date Free Form
Nov
Volume
35
Issue
209
Start Page
263
Other Pages
267
Notes
JID: 9705469; ppublish
Place of Publication
Poland
ISSN/ISBN
1426-9686; 1426-9686
Accession Number
PMID: 24575645
Language
pol
SubFile
English Abstract; Journal Article; IM
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
24575645
Abstract
The registered infection and outbreaks of epidemic tend to monitor potential reservoirs of Legionella infection. According to the Act of 29 March 2007 on the requirements for the quality of water intended for human consumption are required to test for the presence and number of Legionella in the water system of hospitals. In case of detection of L. pneumophila serogroup 1 (SG 1) or increased above normal number other serogroups of bacteria it is necessary to eradicate these bacteria from the water system. The aim of this study was to assess the degree of contamination of the water supply system of selected public buildings and analyze the effectiveness of disinfection methods for the elimination of L. pneumophila in hot water systems. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The materials for this study were hot and cold water samples which were collected from the water supply system of 23 different objects. Enumeration of Legionella bacteria in water samples was determined by membrane filtration (FM) and/or by surface inoculation methods according to the standards: PN-ISO 11731: 2002: "The quality of the water. Detection and enumeration of Legionella" and PN-EN ISO 11731-2: 2008: "Water quality--Detection and enumeration of Legionella--Part 2: Methodology of membrane filtration for water with a small number of bacteria". RESULTS: L. pneumophila was present in 164 samples of hot water, which accounted for 76.99%. In all tested water samples L. pneumophila SG 2-14 strains were detected. The most virulent strain--L. pneumophila SG 1 was not detected. In examined 23 objects in 12 of L. pneumophila exceed acceptable levels > 100 CFU/100 ml. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of L. pneumophila SG 2-14 demonstrated in all examined objects, indicating the risk of infection, and the need for permanent monitoring of the water system supply. The thermal disinfection is the most common, inexpensive, and effective method of control of L. pneumophila used in examined objects, but does not eliminate bacterial biofilm. Disinfection using the filters stopped of L. pneumophila, and was the method of complementary thermal disinfection. Chlorine dioxide is a very effective biocide for large numbers of L. pneumophila in water systems.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Sikora,A., Koziol-Montewka,M., Wojtowicz-Bobin,M., Gladysz,I., Dobosz,P.
Original/Translated Title
Zagrozenia szpitali oraz wybranych obiektow uzytecznosci publicznej bakteriami Legionella pneumophila
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
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| Prevalence of waterpipe tobacco smoking among population aged 15 years or older, Vietnam, 2010 | 2013 | Institute of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, No 1 Ton That Tung, Dong Da, Hanoi, Vietnam. lethithanhxuan@hmu.edu.vn | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Preventing chronic disease
Periodical, Abbrev.
Prev.Chronic Dis.
Pub Date Free Form
18-Apr
Volume
10
Issue
Start Page
E57
Other Pages
Notes
LR: 20160317; JID: 101205018; OID: NLM: PMC3638612; epublish
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
1545-1151; 1545-1151
Accession Number
PMID: 23597395
Language
eng
SubFile
Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; IM
DOI
10.5888/pcd10.120100 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
23597395
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The prevalence of waterpipe tobacco smoking is increasing globally and is associated with adverse outcomes requiring tobacco control interventions. We estimated the prevalence of waterpipe tobacco use among adult populations in Vietnam in 2010 and examined its association with sociodemographic factors. METHODS: We used data from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) conducted in Vietnam in 2010. GATS surveyed a national representative sample of adults aged 15 years or older from 11,142 households by using a 2-phase sampling design analogous to a 3-stage stratified cluster sampling. Descriptive statistical analyses and multivariate logistic regression modeling were conducted. RESULTS: A total of 6.4% of Vietnamese aged 15 years or older (representing about 4.1 million adult waterpipe smokers) reported current waterpipe tobacco smoking. The prevalence of waterpipe tobacco smoking was significantly higher among men than women (13% vs 0.1%). Area of residence (rural or urban), age group, asset-based wealth quintile, and geographic region of residence were significantly associated with waterpipe tobacco smoking among men. The significant correlates of current waterpipe tobacco smoking among men were lower education levels, being middle-aged (45-54 years), lower asset-based wealth levels, living in rural areas, not living in the South East and the Mekong River Delta geographic regions, and the belief that smoking does not causes diseases. CONCLUSION: Rural dwellers who are poor should be targeted in tobacco control programs. Further studies are needed that examine perceptions of the adverse health effects and the cultural factors of waterpipe tobacco smoking.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Xuan le,T.T., Van Minh,H., Giang,K.B., Nga,P.T., Hai,P.T., Minh,N.T., Hsia,J.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20130418
PMCID
PMC3638612
Editors
|
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| Liposomal amphotericin B displays rapid dose-dependent activity against Candida albicans biofilms | 2013 | Infection and Immunity Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom. gordon.ramage@glasgow.ac.uk | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
Periodical, Abbrev.
Antimicrob.Agents Chemother.
Pub Date Free Form
May
Volume
57
Issue
5
Start Page
2369
Other Pages
2371
Notes
LR: 20150219; JID: 0315061; 0 (Antifungal Agents); 0 (Echinocandins); 0 (Pyrimidines); 0 (Triazoles); 0 (liposomal amphotericin B); 7XU7A7DROE (Amphotericin B); F0XDI6ZL63 (caspofungin); JFU09I87TR (Voriconazole); OID: NLM: PMC3632906; 2013/02/19 [aheadof
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
1098-6596; 0066-4804
Accession Number
PMID: 23422915
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1128/AAC.02344-12 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
23422915
Abstract
Biofilms formed by Candida albicans bloodstream isolates on catheters are an important clinical problem. Devising chemotherapeutic strategies to treat these in situ is an attractive option. We report here that liposomal amphotericin effectively kills C. albicans biofilms rapidly (12 h) and effectively (>90%) in a dose-dependent manner, whereas caspofungin displays an inverse concentration-dependent effect. This study has implications for considering the effective doses of antifungal agents used for catheter lock therapy.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Ramage,G., Jose,A., Sherry,L., Lappin,D.F., Jones,B., Williams,C.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20130219
PMCID
PMC3632906
Editors
|
|||
| Current manufactured cigarette smoking and roll-your-own cigarette smoking in Thailand: findings from the 2009 Global Adult Tobacco Survey | 2013 | Bureau of Tobacco Control, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand. | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
BMC public health
Periodical, Abbrev.
BMC Public Health
Pub Date Free Form
27-Mar
Volume
13
Issue
Start Page
277
Other Pages
2458-13-277
Notes
LR: 20150427; JID: 100968562; OID: NLM: PMC3621680; 2012/07/01 [received]; 2013/03/19 [accepted]; 2013/03/27 [aheadofprint]; epublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1471-2458; 1471-2458
Accession Number
PMID: 23530750
Language
eng
SubFile
Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1186/1471-2458-13-277 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
23530750
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Current smoking prevalence in Thailand decreased from 1991 to 2004 and since that time the prevalence has remained flat. It has been suggested that one of the reasons that the prevalence of current smoking in Thailand has stopped decreasing is due to the use of RYO cigarettes. The aim of this study was to examine characteristics of users of manufactured and RYO cigarettes and dual users in Thailand, in order to determine whether there are differences in the characteristics of users of the different products. METHODS: The 2009 Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS Thailand) provides detailed information on current smoking patterns. GATS Thailand used a nationally and regionally representative probability sample of 20,566 adults (ages 15 years and above) who were chosen through stratified three-stage cluster sampling and then interviewed face-to-face. RESULTS: The prevalence of current smoking among Thai adults was 45.6% for men and 3.1% for women. In all, 18.4% of men and 1.0% of women were current users of manufactured cigarettes only, while 15.8% of men and 1.7% of women were current users of RYO cigarettes only. 11.2% of men and 0.1% of women used both RYO and manufactured cigarettes. Users of manufactured cigarettes were younger and users of RYO were older. RYO smokers were more likely to live in rural areas. Smokers of manufactured cigarettes appeared to be more knowledgeable about the health risks of tobacco use. However, the difference was confounded with age and education; when demographic variables were controlled, the knowledge differences no longer remained. Smokers of manufactured cigarettes were more likely than dual users and those who used only RYO to report that they were planning on quitting in the next month. Users of RYO only appeared to be more addicted than the other two groups as measured by time to first cigarette. CONCLUSIONS: There appears to be a need for product targeted cessation and prevention efforts that are directed toward specific population subgroups in Thailand and include information on manufactured and RYO cigarettes.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Benjakul,S., Termsirikulchai,L., Hsia,J., Kengganpanich,M., Puckcharern,H., Touchchai,C., Lohtongmongkol,A., Andes,L., Asma,S.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20130327
PMCID
PMC3621680
Editors
|
|||
| Diversity of plasmid replicons encoding the bla(CMY-2) gene in broad-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli from livestock animals in Japan | 2013 | National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries, Tokyo, Japan. | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Foodborne pathogens and disease
Periodical, Abbrev.
Foodborne Pathog.Dis.
Pub Date Free Form
Mar
Volume
10
Issue
3
Start Page
243
Other Pages
249
Notes
LR: 20141120; JID: 101120121; 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents); 0 (Bacterial Proteins); 0 (Cephalosporins); 0 (DNA, Bacterial); 83JL932I1C (ceftiofur); EC 3.5.2.- (beta-lactamase CMY-2); EC 3.5.2.- (beta-lactamase CTX-2); EC 3.5.2.- (beta-lactamase TEM-3); EC 3.
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
1556-7125; 1535-3141
Accession Number
PMID: 23489047
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1089/fpd.2012.1306 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
23489047
Abstract
Broad-spectrum cephalosporin (BSC) resistance has increased in Escherichia coli isolates from broiler chickens in Japan since 2004. The purpose of this study was to understand the epidemiology of BSC-resistant E. coli in livestock animals. Among 3274 E. coli isolates from 1767 feces of apparently healthy animals on 1767 farms between 2004 and 2009, 118 ceftiofur (CTF)-resistant isolates (CTF MIC >/=4 mug/mL) were identified on 74 farms. After elimination of apparently clonal isolates from a single animal, 75 selected CTF-resistant isolates (62 isolates from 61 broiler chickens, 10 isolates from 10 layer chickens, two isolates from two cows, and one isolate from a pig) were characterized. The bla(CMY-2) gene was most frequently detected in 50 isolates, followed by bla(CTX-M) (CTX-M-2: six isolates; CTX-M-14: four isolates; CTX-M-25: two isolates; CTX-M-1: one isolate) and bla(SHV) (SHV-12: seven isolates; SHV-2, SHV-2a, SHV-5: one isolate each). In particular, 42 of 62 broiler chicken isolates harbored bla(CMY-2). Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analyses using XbaI revealed divergent profiles among the BSC-resistant isolates. The incompatibility groups of bla(CMY-2) plasmids from 34 of the 42 broiler chicken isolates belonged to IncIgamma (10 isolates), IncA/C (nine isolates), IncB/O (seven isolates) and IncI1 (six isolates), or were nontypeable (two isolates). Co-transmission of resistance to non-beta-lactam antibiotics was observed in transconjugants with IncA/C plasmids, but not with IncI1, IncIgamma, and IncB/O plasmids except for one isolate with IncB/O. Our findings suggest that the bla(CMY-2) gene is a key player in BSC-resistant E. coli isolates and that coselection is unlikely to be associated with the abundance of bla(CMY-2) plasmids, except for IncA/C plasmids.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Hiki,M., Usui,M., Kojima,A., Ozawa,M., Ishii,Y., Asai,T.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
|
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| Characteristics associated with awareness, perceptions, and use of electronic nicotine delivery systems among young US Midwestern adults | 2013 | Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA. choix137@umn.edu | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
American Journal of Public Health
Periodical, Abbrev.
Am.J.Public Health
Pub Date Free Form
Mar
Volume
103
Issue
3
Start Page
556
Other Pages
561
Notes
LR: 20150219; GR: R01 CA086191/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 CA86191/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 1254074; NIHMS430822; OID: NLM: NIHMS430822; OID: NLM: PMC3567225; 2013/01/17 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
1541-0048; 0090-0036
Accession Number
PMID: 23327246
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; AIM; IM
DOI
10.2105/AJPH.2012.300947 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
23327246
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: We assessed the characteristics associated with the awareness, perceptions, and use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (e-cigarettes) among young adults. METHODS: We collected data in 2010-2011 from a cohort of 2624 US Midwestern adults aged 20 to 28 years. We assessed awareness and use of e-cigarettes, perceptions of them as a smoking cessation aid, and beliefs about their harmfulness and addictiveness relative to cigarettes and estimated their associations with demographic characteristics, smoking status, and peer smoking. RESULTS: Overall, 69.9% of respondents were aware of e-cigarettes, 7.0% had ever used e-cigarettes, and 1.2% had used e-cigarettes in the past 30 days. Men, current and former smokers, and participants who had at least 1 close friend who smoked were more likely to be aware of and to have used e-cigarettes. Among those who were aware of e-cigarettes, 44.5% agreed e-cigarettes can help people quit smoking, 52.8% agreed e-cigarettes are less harmful than cigarettes, and 26.3% agreed e-cigarettes are less addictive than cigarettes. CONCLUSIONS: Health communication interventions to provide correct information about e-cigarettes and regulation of e-cigarette marketing may be effective in reducing young adults' experimentation with e-cigarettes.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Choi,K., Forster,J.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20130117
PMCID
PMC3567225
Editors
|
|||
| Implicit motivational impact of pictorial health warning on cigarette packs | 2013 | Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
PloS one
Periodical, Abbrev.
PLoS One
Pub Date Free Form
15-Aug
Volume
8
Issue
8
Start Page
e72117
Other Pages
Notes
LR: 20150423; JID: 101285081; OID: NLM: PMC3744501; 2013 [ecollection]; 2013/02/25 [received]; 2013/07/06 [accepted]; 2013/08/15 [epublish]; epublish
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
1932-6203; 1932-6203
Accession Number
PMID: 23977223
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1371/journal.pone.0072117 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
23977223
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The use of pictorial warning labels on cigarette packages is one of the provisions included in the first ever global health treaty by the World Health Organization against the tobacco epidemic. There is substantial evidence demonstrating the effectiveness of graphic health warning labels on intention to quit, thoughts about health risks and engaging in cessation behaviors. However, studies that address the implicit emotional drives evoked by such warnings are still underexplored. Here, we provide experimental data for the use of pictorial health warnings as a reliable strategy for tobacco control. METHODS: Experiment 1 pre-tested nineteen prototypes of pictorial warnings to screen for their emotional impact. Participants (n = 338) were young adults balanced in gender, smoking status and education. Experiment 2 (n = 63) tested pictorial warnings (ten) that were stamped on packs. We employed an innovative set-up to investigate the impact of the warnings on the ordinary attitude of packs' manipulation, and quantified judgments of warnings' emotional strength and efficacy against smoking. FINDINGS: Experiment 1 revealed that women judged the warning prototypes as more aversive than men, and smokers judged them more aversive than non-smokers. Participants with lower education judged the prototypes more aversive than participants with higher education. Experiment 2 showed that stamped warnings antagonized the appeal of the brands by imposing a cost to manipulate the cigarette packs, especially for smokers. Additionally, participants' judgments revealed that the more aversive a warning, the more it is perceived as effective against smoking. CONCLUSIONS: Health warning labels are one of the key components of the integrated approach to control the global tobacco epidemic. The evidence presented in this study adds to the understanding of how implicit responses to pictorial warnings may contribute to behavioral change.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Volchan,E., David,I.A., Tavares,G., Nascimento,B.M., Oliveira,J.M., Gleiser,S., Szklo,A., Perez,C., Cavalcante,T., Pereira,M.G., Oliveira,L.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20130815
PMCID
PMC3744501
Editors
|
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| Decomposition and nitrogen dynamics of (15)N-labeled leaf, root, and twig litter in temperate coniferous forests | 2013 | Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, 321 Richardson Hall, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA, tiff.vanhuysen@gmail.com. | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Oecologia
Periodical, Abbrev.
Oecologia
Pub Date Free Form
Dec
Volume
173
Issue
4
Start Page
1563
Other Pages
1573
Notes
JID: 0150372; 0 (Nitrogen Isotopes); 0 (Soil); N762921K75 (Nitrogen); 2012/07/02 [received]; 2013/06/06 [accepted]; 2013/07/25 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
Germany
ISSN/ISBN
1432-1939; 0029-8549
Accession Number
PMID: 23884664
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; IM
DOI
10.1007/s00442-013-2706-8 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
23884664
Abstract
Litter nutrient dynamics contribute significantly to biogeochemical cycling in forest ecosystems. We examined how site environment and initial substrate quality influence decomposition and nitrogen (N) dynamics of multiple litter types. A 2.5-year decomposition study was installed in the Oregon Coast Range and West Cascades using (15)N-labeled litter from Acer macrophyllum, Picea sitchensis, and Pseudotsuga menziesii. Mass loss for leaf litter was similar between the two sites, while root and twig litter exhibited greater mass loss in the Coast Range. Mass loss was greatest from leaves and roots, and species differences in mass loss were more prominent in the Coast Range. All litter types and species mineralized N early in the decomposition process; only A. macrophyllum leaves exhibited a net N immobilization phase. There were no site differences with respect to litter N dynamics despite differences in site N availability, and litter N mineralization patterns were species-specific. For multiple litter x species combinations, the difference between gross and net N mineralization was significant, and gross mineralization was 7-20 % greater than net mineralization. The mineralization results suggest that initial litter chemistry may be an important driver of litter N dynamics. Our study demonstrates that greater amounts of N are cycling through these systems than may be quantified by only measuring net mineralization and challenges current leaf-based biogeochemical theory regarding patterns of N immobilization and mineralization.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
van Huysen,T.L., Harmon,M.E., Perakis,S.S., Chen,H.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20130725
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Smoking prevalence in Italy 2011 and 2012, with a focus on hand-rolled cigarettes | 2013 | Department of Epidemiology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri-IRCCS, Milan, Italy. silvano.gallus@marionegri.it | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Preventive medicine
Periodical, Abbrev.
Prev.Med.
Pub Date Free Form
May
Volume
56
Issue
5
Start Page
314
Other Pages
318
Notes
CI: Copyright (c) 2013; JID: 0322116; 2012/09/28 [received]; 2013/01/07 [revised]; 2013/02/13 [accepted]; 2013/02/24 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
1096-0260; 0091-7435
Accession Number
PMID: 23462480
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.ypmed.2013.02.009 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
23462480
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To provide updated information on smoking prevalence in Italy, with a focus on type of tobacco product, including hand-rolled (HR) cigarettes. METHOD: Two nationally representative surveys were conducted in 2011 and 2012 in Italy on a total sample of 6167 adults. Information on type of tobacco most frequently smoked was collected. RESULTS: Current smokers were 21.7% (22.7% in 2011 and 20.8% in 2012) overall, 25.3% among men and 18.4% among women. Among smokers, 94.6% most frequently consumed manufactured cigarettes, 4.6% HR cigarettes, 0.5% cigars, 0.2% cigarillos, and 0.2% pipe and none smokeless tobacco. HR cigarette use was more frequent in men (6.9%) than in women (1.7%), in 2012 (5.9%) than in 2011 (3.4%), and among the young (15-24 years; 9.1%). The average estimated price of one HR cigarette was 0.09euro and that of a manufactured cigarette was 0.18euro. CONCLUSION: In 2012 we observed the lowest reported overall smoking prevalence in Italy, though change since 2008 has been limited. The proportion of HR cigarettes on total tobacco trade has appreciably increased, particularly among young male smokers, who appear to switch to affordable cigarettes in a period of economic crisis. Fiscal policies aiming to equalise the cost of different cigarette types are needed in Italy.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Elsevier Inc
Data Source
Authors
Gallus,S., Lugo,A., Colombo,P., Pacifici,R., La Vecchia,C.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20130224
PMCID
Editors
|
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