WTS database

Title	Pub Year	Author Sort descending	SearchLink
Effects of 24 hours of tobacco withdrawal and subsequent tobacco smoking among low and high sensation seekers	2011	Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky College of Arts and Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40503, USA. dclee2@email.uky.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Oct Volume 13 Issue 10 Start Page 943 Other Pages 954 Notes LR: 20151119; GR: P50 DA05312/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9815751; 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); 7U1EE4V452 (Carbon Monoxide); OID: NLM: PMC3179670; 2011/06/20 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-994X; 1462-2203 Accession Number PMID: 21690318 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 10.1093/ntr/ntr102 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 21690318 Abstract INTRODUCTION: Previous studies have indicated that high sensation seekers are more sensitive to the reinforcing effects of nicotine, initiate smoking at an earlier age, and smoke greater amounts of cigarettes. This study examined the influence of sensation-seeking status on tobacco smoking following deprivation in regular tobacco users. METHODS: Twenty healthy tobacco-smoking volunteers with low or high impulsive sensation-seeking subscale scores completed 2 consecutive test days per week for 3 consecutive weeks. Each week, a range of self-report, performance, and cardiovascular assessments were completed during ad libitum smoking on Day 1 and before and after the paced smoking of a tobacco cigarette containing 0.05, 0.6, or 0.9 mg of nicotine following 24 hr of tobacco deprivation on Day 2. In addition, self-administration behavior was analyzed during a 2-hr free access period after the initial tobacco administration. RESULTS: In high sensation seekers, tobacco smoking independent of nicotine yield ameliorated deprivation effects, whereas amelioration of deprivation effects was dependent on nicotine yield among low sensation seekers. However, this effect was limited to a small subset of measures. Subsequent cigarette self-administration increased in a nicotine-dependent manner for high sensation seekers only. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with low sensation seekers, high sensation seekers were more sensitive to the withdrawal relieving effects of nonnicotine components of smoking following 24 hr of deprivation on selective measures and more sensitive to nicotine yield during subsequent tobacco self-administration. These results are consistent with studies suggesting that factors driving tobacco dependence may vary as a function of sensation-seeking status. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Lee,D.C., Perkins,K.A., Zimmerman,E., Robbins,G., Kelly,T.H. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20110620 PMCID PMC3179670 Editors
Prolonged exposure to denicotinized cigarettes with or without transdermal nicotine	2009	Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, 3137 Sennott Square, 210 S. Bouquet Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15217, USA. edonny@pitt.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Drug and alcohol dependence Periodical, Abbrev. Drug Alcohol Depend. Pub Date Free Form 1-Sep Volume 104 Issue 2-Jan Start Page 23 Other Pages 33 Notes LR: 20151119; GR: DA-019626/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R21 DA019626/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R21 DA019626-02/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; JID: 7513587; 0 (Nicotinic Agonists); 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); 7U1EE4V452 (Carbon Monoxide); NIHMS1 Place of Publication Ireland ISSN/ISBN 1879-0046; 0376-8716 Accession Number PMID: 19446968 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2009.01.021 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19446968 Abstract Sensorimotor smoking stimuli are important determinants of cigarette use. The present study aimed to determine whether denicotinized cigarettes lose their reinforcing and/or subjective effects over a 9-day outpatient period when they are smoked with or without concurrent transdermal nicotine. After a preferred brand baseline, 68 participants were randomized into one of four conditions based on the dose (mg) of transdermal nicotine and the type of cigarettes (dose/cigarette): 0/nicotine, 0/denicotinized, 7/denicotinized, and 21/denicotinized. Under placebo patch conditions, participants smoked a similar number of nicotine and denicotinized cigarettes and no group differences emerged over repeated testing. The total volume of smoke inhaled was lower in the denicotinized group, although this decrease dissipated over time. Denicotinized cigarettes were rated as having low positive and high negative subjective effects. Compared to placebo, transdermal nicotine decreased the number of denicotinized cigarette smoked, produced a lasting decrease in the total volume of denicotinized cigarette smoke inhaled, but had little effect on the subjective effects of denicotinized cigarettes. Transdermal nicotine attenuated withdrawal during initial smoking abstinence; however, once participants were allowed to smoke withdrawal symptoms were relatively low regardless of patch condition. The persistent use of denicotinized cigarettes may result from the presence of nicotine withdrawal and/or the degree to which smoking becomes somewhat independent of the outcome of the behavior (i.e., habit learning). Additional studies would be useful to determine what factors drive continued use of denicotinized cigarettes, whether their use subsides as withdrawal dissipates, and whether they address motives for smoking distinct from current pharmacotherapy. Descriptors Administration, Cutaneous, Adolescent, Adult, Affect/drug effects, Aged, Carbon Monoxide/analysis, Double-Blind Method, Extinction, Psychological/drug effects, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Nicotine/administration & dosage/therapeutic use, Nicotinic Agonists/administration & dosage/therapeutic use, Patient Compliance, Reinforcement (Psychology), Self Administration, Smoking/adverse effects/psychology, Smoking Cessation, Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/psychology, Surveys and Questionnaires, Young Adult Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Donny,E. C., Jones,M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20090515 PMCID PMC2726800 Editors
Effectiveness of the European Union text-only cigarette health warnings: findings from four countries	2012	Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. schitchm@uwaterloo.ca	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full European journal of public health Periodical, Abbrev. Eur.J.Public Health Pub Date Free Form Oct Volume 22 Issue 5 Start Page 693 Other Pages 699 Notes LR: 20150203; GR: 79551/Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada; GR: C312/A6465/Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom; GR: P50 CA111236/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 CA100362/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9204966; OID: NLM: PMC3457002; 2011 Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1464-360X; 1101-1262 Accession Number PMID: 21920847 Language eng SubFile Evaluation Studies; Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI ckr099 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 21920847 Abstract BACKGROUND: The European Commission requires tobacco products sold in the European Union to display standardized text health warnings. This article examines the effectiveness of the text health warnings among daily cigarette smokers in four Member States. METHODS: Data were drawn from nationally representative samples of smokers from the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Project surveys in France (2007), Germany (2007), the Netherlands (2008) and the UK (2006). We examined: (i) smokers' ratings of the health warnings on warning salience, thoughts of harm and quitting and forgoing of cigarettes; (ii) impact of the warnings using a Labels Impact Index (LII), with higher scores signifying greater impact; and (iii) differences on the LII by demographic characteristics and smoking behaviour. RESULTS: Scores on the LII differed significantly across countries. Scores were highest in France, lower in the UK, and lowest in Germany and the Netherlands. Across all countries, scores were significantly higher among low-income smokers, smokers who had made a quit attempt in the past year and smokers who smoked fewer cigarettes per day. CONCLUSION: The impact of the health warnings varies greatly across countries. Impact tended to be highest in countries with more comprehensive tobacco control programmes. Because the impact of the warnings was highest among smokers with the lowest socioeconomic status (SES), this research suggests that health warnings could be more effective among smokers from lower SES groups. Differences in warning label impact by SES should be further investigated. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Hitchman,S.C., Mons,U., Nagelhout,G.E., Guignard,R., Mcneill,A., Willemsen,M.C., Driezen,P., Wilquin,J.L., Beck,F., Du-Roscoat,E., Potschke-Langer,M., Hammond,D., Fong,G.T. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20110915 PMCID PMC3457002 Editors
Electronic cigarette use and indoor air quality in a natural setting	2016	Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Center for the Study of Tobacco Products, Richmond, Virginia, USA.; Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Center for the Study of Tobacco Products, Richmond, Virginia, USA.;	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tobacco control Periodical, Abbrev. Tob.Control Pub Date Free Form 15-Feb Volume Issue Start Page Other Pages Notes LR: 20160816; CI: Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/; GR: F31 DA040319/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United Sta Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1468-3318; 0964-4563 Accession Number PMID: 26880745 Language ENG SubFile JOURNAL ARTICLE DOI tobaccocontrol-2015-052772 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26880745 Abstract INTRODUCTION: Secondhand smoke (SHS) from combustible cigarettes causes numerous diseases. Policies have been developed to prevent SHS exposure from indoor cigarette use to reduce health risks to non-smokers. However, fewer policies have been implemented to deter electronic cigarette (ECIG) use indoors, and limited research has examined the impact of secondhand exposure to ECIG aerosol. METHODS: Indoor air quality was measured at a 2-day ECIG event held in a large room at a hotel. Fine particulate matter (PM) was measured using 2 devices that measured concentrations of PM 2.5 mum aerodynamic diameter or smaller (PM2.5). Measurements were taken before the event, over 2 days when the event was ongoing, and the day after the event. PM2.5 measurements were also taken from the restaurant at the hotel hosting the event and a restaurant at a nearby hotel. RESULTS: During 6 time points when the event was ongoing, between 59 and 86 active ECIG users were present in the event room (room volume=4023 m3). While the event was ongoing, median PM2.5 concentrations in the event room increased from a baseline of 1.92-3.20 mug/m3 to concentrations that ranged from 311.68 mug/m3 (IQR 253.44-411.84 mug/m3) to 818.88 mug/m3 (IQR 760.64-975.04 mug/m3). CONCLUSIONS: PM2.5 concentrations observed at the ECIG event were higher than concentrations reported previously in hookah cafes and bars that allow cigarette smoking. This study indicates that indoor ECIG use exposes non-users to secondhand ECIG aerosol. Regulatory bodies should consider establishing policies that prohibit ECIG use anywhere combustible cigarette use is prohibited. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Soule,E.K., Maloney,S.F., Spindle,T.R., Rudy,A.K., Hiler,M.M., Cobb,C.O. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20160215 PMCID PMC4985441 Editors
Acute effects of waterpipe tobacco smoking: a double-blind, placebo-control study	2011	Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0205, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Drug and alcohol dependence Periodical, Abbrev. Drug Alcohol Depend. Pub Date Free Form 1-Jul Volume 116 Issue 3-Jan Start Page 102 Other Pages 109 Notes LR: 20151119; CI: Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.; GR: F31 DA028102/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: F31 DA028102-02/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: F31DA028102/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 CA120142/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 Place of Publication Ireland ISSN/ISBN 1879-0046; 0376-8716 Accession Number PMID: 21277706 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.11.026 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 21277706 Abstract BACKGROUND: Waterpipe tobacco smoking usually involves heating flavored tobacco with charcoal and inhaling the resulting smoke after it has passed through water. Waterpipe tobacco smoking increases heart rate and produces subjective effects similar to those reported by cigarette smokers. These responses are thought to be nicotine-mediated, though no placebo-control studies exist. Accordingly, this double-blind, placebo-control study compared the acute physiological and subjective effects of waterpipe tobacco smoking to those produced when participants used a waterpipe to smoke a flavor-matched, tobacco-free preparation. METHODS: Occasional waterpipe tobacco smokers (n = 37; 2-5 monthly smoking episodes for >/= 6 months) completed two double-blind, counterbalanced sessions that differed by product: preferred brand/flavor of waterpipe tobacco or flavor-matched, tobacco-free preparation. For each 45-min, ad lib smoking episode blood and expired air CO were sampled, cardiovascular and respiratory response were measured, and subjective response was assessed. RESULTS: Waterpipe tobacco smoking significantly increased mean (+/- SEM) plasma nicotine concentration (3.6 +/- 0.7 ng/ml) and heart rate (8.6 +/- 1.4 bpm) while placebo did not (0.1 +/- 0.0 ng/ml; 1.3 +/- 0.9b pm). For carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) and expired air CO, significant increases were observed for tobacco (3.8 +/- 0.4%; 27.9 +/- 2.6 ppm) and for placebo (3.9 +/- 0.4%; 27.7 +/- 3.3 ppm) with no differences across condition. Independent of condition, symptoms of nicotine/tobacco abstinence (e.g., "urges to smoke", "anxious") were reduced and direct effects (e.g., "dizzy", "satisfy") increased. DISCUSSION: These results from the first placebo-control study of waterpipe tobacco smoking demonstrate that waterpipe-induced heart rate increases are almost certainly mediated by nicotine though the subjective effects observed in these occasional smokers were not. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Blank,M.D., Cobb,C.O., Kilgalen,B., Austin,J., Weaver,M.F., Shihadeh,A., Eissenberg,T. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20110201 PMCID PMC3098931 Editors
Waterpipe tobacco smoking: an emerging health crisis in the United States	2010	Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full American Journal of Health Behavior Periodical, Abbrev. Am.J.Health Behav. Pub Date Free Form May-Jun Volume 34 Issue 3 Start Page 275 Other Pages 285 Notes LR: 20151119; GR: R01 CA103827/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 CA103827-04/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 CA120142/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 CA120142-03/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 DA024876/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1945-7359; 1087-3244 Accession Number PMID: 20001185 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Review; IM DOI 10.5555/ajhb.2010.34.3.275 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 20001185 Abstract OBJECTIVE: To examine the prevalence and potential health risks of waterpipe tobacco smoking. METHODS: A literature review was performed to compile information relating to waterpipe tobacco smoking. RESULTS: Waterpipe tobacco smoking is increasing in prevalence worldwide; in the United States, 10-20% of some young adult populations are current waterpipe users. Depending on the toxicant measured, a single waterpipe session produces the equivalent of at least 1 and as many as 50 cigarettes. Misconceptions about waterpipe smoke content may lead users to underestimate health risks. CONCLUSION: Inclusion of waterpipe tobacco smoking in tobacco control activities may help reduce its spread. Descriptors Carbon Monoxide/analysis, Humans, Inhalation Exposure/statistics & numerical data, Lebanon/epidemiology, Nicotine/analysis, Prevalence, Smoke/analysis, Smoking/adverse effects/epidemiology/trends, Substance-Related Disorders/etiology, Syria/epidemiology, Tars/analysis, United States/epidemiology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Cobb,C., Ward,K. D., Maziak,W., Shihadeh,A. L., Eissenberg,T. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID PMC3215592 Editors
Indoor air quality in Virginia waterpipe cafes	2013	Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tobacco control Periodical, Abbrev. Tob.Control Pub Date Free Form Sep Volume 22 Issue 5 Start Page 338 Other Pages 343 Notes LR: 20150225; GR: F31DA028102/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01CA120142/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01DA024876/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01DA025659/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R25 CA090314/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: T32 Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1468-3318; 0964-4563 Accession Number PMID: 22447194 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2011-050350 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22447194 Abstract INTRODUCTION: A revised indoor air quality law has been implemented in Virginia to protect the public from the harmful effects of secondhand smoke exposure. This legislation contains exemptions that include allowances for smoking in a room that is structurally separated and separately ventilated. The objective of the current study was to examine the impact of this law on air quality in waterpipe cafes, as well as to compare the air quality in these cafes to restaurants that allow cigarette smoking and those where no smoking is permitted. METHODS: Indoor air quality in 28 venues (17 waterpipe cafes, five cigarette smoking-permitted restaurants and six smoke-free restaurants (five with valid data)) in Virginia was assessed during 4 March to 27 May 2011. Real-time measurements of particulate matter (PM) with 2.5 mum aerodynamic diameter or smaller (PM2.5) were obtained and occupant behaviour/venue characteristics were assessed. RESULTS: The highest mean PM2.5 concentration was observed for waterpipe cafe smoking rooms (374 mug/m(3), n=17) followed by waterpipe cafe non-smoking rooms (123 mug/m(3), n=11), cigarette smoking-permitted restaurant smoking rooms (119 mug/m(3), n=5), cigarette smoking-permitted restaurant non-smoking rooms (26 mug/m(3), n=5) and smoke-free restaurants (9 mug/m(3), n=5). Smoking density was positively correlated with PM2.5 across smoking rooms and the smoke-free restaurants. In addition, PM2.5 was positively correlated between smoking and non-smoking rooms of venues. CONCLUSIONS: The PM2.5 concentrations observed among the waterpipe cafes sampled here indicated air quality in the waterpipe cafe smoking rooms was worse than restaurant rooms in which cigarette smoking was permitted, and state-required non-smoking rooms in waterpipe cafes may expose patrons and employees to PM2.5 concentrations above national and international air quality standards. Reducing the health risks of secondhand smoke may require smoke-free establishments in which tobacco smoking sources such as water pipes are, like cigarettes, prohibited. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Cobb,C.O., Vansickel,A.R., Blank,M.D., Jentink,K., Travers,M.J., Eissenberg,T. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20120324 PMCID PMC3889072 Editors
Waterpipe smoking among college students in the United States: a review of the literature	2012	Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA. grekine@wayne.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of American college health : J of ACH Periodical, Abbrev. J.Am.Coll.Health Pub Date Free Form Volume 60 Issue 3 Start Page 244 Other Pages 249 Notes JID: 8214119; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1940-3208; 0744-8481 Accession Number PMID: 22420702 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Review; IM DOI 10.1080/07448481.2011.589419 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22420702 Abstract OBJECTIVE: To review the literature on college student waterpipe use with a focus on undergraduates in the United States. PARTICIPANTS: Undergraduate students. METHODS: Studies were accessed using the databases PubMed, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Academic Search Premier. Searches included combinations of the following keywords: "waterpipe," "hookah," "shisha," "nargila," "argileh," "hubble bubble," "college," "university," and "student." RESULTS: Results demonstrate that approximately 1 in 5 American college students report past-year waterpipe use. Results also suggest that there are a number of established correlates of waterpipe smoking, including male gender, Arab ethnicity, cigarette smoking, and the belief that waterpipe smoking is less harmful than cigarette smoking. CONCLUSIONS: Despite its harmful health effects, waterpipe smoking is quite common among college students. Future research with better methodologies and theoretical frameworks are needed to advance the field. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Grekin,E.R., Ayna,D. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Determinants of waterpipe use amongst adolescents in Northern Sweden: a survey of use pattern, risk perception, and environmental factors	2015	Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. rathi.ramji@pubcare.uu.se.; Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. judy.arnetz@hc.msu.edu.; Department of Family Medicine,	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full BMC research notes Periodical, Abbrev. BMC Res.Notes Pub Date Free Form 15-Sep Volume 8 Issue Start Page 441 Other Pages 015-1413-4 Notes LR: 20150918; JID: 101462768; OID: NLM: PMC4570251; 2014/10/07 [received]; 2015/09/07 [accepted]; 2015/09/15 [aheadofprint]; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1756-0500; 1756-0500 Accession Number PMID: 26374502 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1186/s13104-015-1413-4 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26374502 Abstract BACKGROUND: Determinants of waterpipe use in adolescents are believed to differ from those for other tobacco products, but there is a lack of studies of possible social, cultural, or psychological aspects of waterpipe use in this population. This study applied a socioecological model to explore waterpipe use, and its relationship to other tobacco use in Swedish adolescents. METHODS: A total of 106 adolescents who attended an urban high-school in northern Sweden responded to an anonymous questionnaire. Prevalence rates for waterpipe use were examined in relation to socio-demographics, peer pressure, sensation seeking behavior, harm perception, environmental factors, and depression. RESULTS: Thirty-three percent reported ever having smoked waterpipe (ever use), with 30% having done so during the last 30 days (current use). Among waterpipe ever users, 60% had ever smoked cigarettes in comparison to 32% of non-waterpipe smokers (95% confidence interval 1.4-7.9). The odds of having ever smoked waterpipe were three times higher among male high school seniors as well as students with lower grades. Waterpipe ever users had three times higher odds of having higher levels of sensation-seeking (95% confidence interval 1.2-9.5) and scored high on the depression scales (95% confidence interval 1.6-6.8) than non-users. The odds of waterpipe ever use were four times higher for those who perceived waterpipe products to have pleasant smell compared to cigarettes (95% confidence interval 1.7-9.8). Waterpipe ever users were twice as likely to have seen waterpipe use on television compared to non-users (95% confidence interval 1.1-5.7). The odds of having friends who smoked regularly was eight times higher for waterpipe ever users than non-users (95% confidence interval 2.1-31.2). CONCLUSION: The current study reports a high use of waterpipe in a select group of students in northern Sweden. The study adds the importance of looking at socioecological determinants of use, including peer pressure and exposure to media marketing, as well as mental health among users. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Ramji,R., Arnetz,J., Nilsson,M., Jamil,H., Norstrom,F., Maziak,W., Wiklund,Y., Arnetz,B. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150915 PMCID PMC4570251 Editors
Changing patterns of tobacco use in a middle-aged population: the role of snus, gender, age, and education	2011	Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Global Health, Umea University, Sweden. margareta.norberg@epiph.umu.se	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Global health action Periodical, Abbrev. Glob.Health.Action Pub Date Free Form Volume 4 Issue Start Page 10.3402/gha.v4i0.5613. Epub 2011 Jun 3 Other Pages Notes LR: 20150204; JID: 101496665; OID: NLM: PMC3118776; OTO: NOTNLM; 2010/09/10 [received]; 2011/03/21 [revised]; 2011/05/03 [accepted]; 2011/06/03 [epublish]; ppublish Place of Publication Sweden ISSN/ISBN 1654-9880; 1654-9880 Accession Number PMID: 21695071 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.3402/gha.v4i0.5613 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 21695071 Abstract BACKGROUND: In Sweden, the smoking prevalence has declined. In 2007, it was among the lowest in the industrialized world. A steady increase in the use of Swedish oral moist snuff, snus, has occurred in parallel. This development is neither solicited by authorities nor the medical establishment, but rather has occurred along with increased awareness of the dangers of smoking, and has been promoted by product development and marketing of snus. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate time trends in patterns of tobacco use in northern Sweden during 1990-2007. DESIGN: Cross-sectional (99,381 subjects) and longitudinal (26,867 subjects) data from the Vasterbotten Intervention Programme (VIP) 1990-2007 were analyzed. All adults in Vasterbotten County are invited to a VIP health examination at ages 40, 50, and 60 years, and until 1995 also 30 years. Smoking and use of snus were evaluated by gender, age and educational groups. Intermittent smoking was categorized as smoking. RESULTS: From the period 1990-1995 to the period 2002-2007, smoking prevalence decreased from 26 to 16% among men and from 27 to 18% among women. The differences in prevalence increased between educational groups. The decline in smoking was less and the increase of snus use was greater among those with basic education. The use of snus among basic-educated 40-year-olds reached 35% among men and 14% among women during 2002-2007. Dual smoking and snus use increased among men and women with basic education. Smoking without snus use was more prevalent among women. Gender differences in total smoking prevalence (smoking only plus dual use) were small in all age groups, but increased among those with basic education reaching 7.3% during 2002-2007, with women being more frequent smokers. Smoking prevalences were similar among never, former and current snus users. Among the 30,000 former smokers, 38% of men and 64% of women had never used snus. Longitudinal data showed a decline in total tobacco use from baseline until follow-up and this was mainly due to a smoking cessation rate of Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Norberg,M., Lundqvist,G., Nilsson,M., Gilljam,H., Weinehall,L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20110603 PMCID PMC3118776 Editors

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