WTS database

Title	Pub Year	Author Sort descending	SearchLink
The effects of nicotine stimulus and response expectancies on male and female smokers' responses to nicotine-free electronic cigarettes	2015	Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Canada.; Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Canada.; School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel.; Department of Psychology and Neuroscience,	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Addictive Behaviors Periodical, Abbrev. Addict.Behav. Pub Date Free Form Jan Volume 40 Issue Start Page 144 Other Pages 147 Notes LR: 20151119; CI: Copyright (c) 2014; JID: 7603486; 0 (Nicotinic Agonists); 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/07/09 [received]; 2014/09/07 [revised]; 2014/09/10 [accepted]; 2014/09/18 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1873-6327; 0306-4603 Accession Number PMID: 25261789 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.09.013 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25261789 Abstract BACKGROUND: Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have been reported to reduce tobacco craving and withdrawal; however, the mechanisms underlying these effects have not been elucidated. METHODS: This study examined the contributions of nicotine stimulus and response expectancies to responses to nicotine-free e-cigarettes in 21 e-cigarette naive smokers (12 male). Participants completed two randomized experimental sessions in which they administered a nicotine-free e-cigarette. During one session they were informed that the e-cigarette contained nicotine and during the other session they were informed that the e-cigarette was nicotine-free. Participants completed subjective assessments before and immediately after sampling ten puffs from the e-cigarette and were then invited to earn additional puffs using a computerized progressive ratio task. Prior to their enrolment in the study, participants provided an estimate of the relative importance of the nicotine content of e-cigarettes for craving relief. RESULTS: Instructions that the e-cigarette contained nicotine were found to reduce both intention to smoke (p=0.017) and withdrawal-related (p=0.018) craving, regardless of a-priori reported beliefs regarding the relative importance of nicotine. Nicotine content instructions were also found to be associated with a shorter latency to self-administration (p=0.005); however, a SexxInstructionsxResponse Expectancy interaction (p=0.008) revealed that this effect was specific to women who had strong a-priori nicotine content craving relief expectations. Neither nicotine content instructions nor response expectancies impacted the number of puffs self-administered. CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that nicotine content expectations contribute to smokers' responses to e-cigarettes, and that a-priori beliefs about nicotine effects may be especially important in women. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier Ltd Data Source Authors Copp,S.R., Collins,J.L., Dar,R., Barrett,S.P. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20140918 PMCID Editors
Use of emerging tobacco products in the United States	2012	Department of Psychology and Social Science Research Center Research Boulevard, Suite 103, Starkville, MS 39759, USA. rcm19@msstate.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of environmental and public health Periodical, Abbrev. J.Environ.Public.Health. Pub Date Free Form Volume 2012 Issue Start Page 989474 Other Pages Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 101516361; OID: NLM: PMC3359709; 2011/12/02 [received]; 2012/03/01 [accepted]; 2012/05/10 [epublish]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1687-9813; 1687-9805 Accession Number PMID: 22654922 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1155/2012/989474 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22654922 Abstract This paper provides the first nationally representative estimates for use of four emerging products. Addressing the issue of land-line substitution with cell phones, we used a mixed-mode survey to obtain two representative samples of US adults. Of 3,240 eligible respondents contacted, 74% completed surveys. In the weighted analysis, 13.6% have tried at least one emerging tobacco product; 5.1% snus; 8.8% waterpipe; 0.6% dissolvable tobacco products; 1.8% electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) products. Daily smokers (25.1%) and nondaily smokers (34.9%) were the most likely to have tried at least one of these products, compared to former smokers (17.2%) and never smokers (7.7%), P24 have tried one of these products, P<.01. in="" multivariable="" analysis="" current="" daily="" nondaily="" and="" former="" smoking="" status="" remained="" significant="" as="" did="" young="" adults="" males="" higher="" educational="" attainment="" some="" college="" degree="" use="" of="" these="" products="" raises="" concerns="" about="" nonsmokers="" being="" at="" risk="" for="" nicotine="" dependence="" smokers="" maintaining="" their="" dependence.="" greater="" awareness="" emerging="" tobacco="" product="" prevalence="" the="" high="" demographic="" user="" groups="" might="" inform="" efforts="" to="" determine="" appropriate="" public="" health="" policy="" regulatory="" action.=""> Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors McMillen,R., Maduka,J., Winickoff,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20120510 PMCID PMC3359709 Editors
Crash risk and aberrant driving behaviors among bus drivers: the role of personality and attitudes towards traffic safety	2015	Department of Psychology of Development and Socialization Processes, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy; Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", P.za Lauro de Bosis 15, 00135 Rome	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Accident; Analysis and Prevention Periodical, Abbrev. Accid.Anal.Prev. Pub Date Free Form Jun Volume 79 Issue Start Page 145 Other Pages 151 Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2015; JID: 1254476; OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/12/03 [received]; 2015/02/25 [revised]; 2015/03/23 [accepted]; 2015/03/28 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1879-2057; 0001-4575 Accession Number PMID: 25823904 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1016/j.aap.2015.03.034 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25823904 Abstract Several studies have shown that personality traits and attitudes toward traffic safety predict aberrant driving behaviors and crash involvement. However, this process has not been adequately investigated in professional drivers, such as bus drivers. The present study used a personality-attitudes model to assess whether personality traits predicted aberrant self-reported driving behaviors (driving violations, lapses, and errors) both directly and indirectly, through the effects of attitudes towards traffic safety in a large sample of bus drivers. Additionally, the relationship between aberrant self-reported driving behaviors and crash risk was also assessed. Three hundred and one bus drivers (mean age=39.1, SD=10.7 years) completed a structured and anonymous questionnaire measuring personality traits, attitudes toward traffic safety, self-reported aberrant driving behaviors (i.e., errors, lapses, and traffic violations), and accident risk in the last 12 months. Structural equation modeling analysis revealed that personality traits were associated to aberrant driving behaviors both directly and indirectly. In particular altruism, excitement seeking, and normlessness directly predicted bus drivers' attitudes toward traffic safety which, in turn, were negatively associated with the three types of self-reported aberrant driving behaviors. Personality traits relevant to emotionality directly predicted bus drivers' aberrant driving behaviors, without any mediation of attitudes. Finally, only self-reported violations were related to bus drivers' accident risk. The present findings suggest that the hypothesized personality-attitudes model accounts for aberrant driving behaviors in bus drivers, and provide the empirical basis for evidence-based road safety interventions in the context of public transport. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier Ltd Data Source Authors Mallia,L., Lazuras,L., Violani,C., Lucidi,F. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150328 PMCID Editors
Tobacco Use, Quitting Behavior, and Health Characteristics Among Current Electronic Cigarette Users in a National Tri-Ethnic Adult Stable Smoker Sample	2015	Department of Psychology, California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, CA; kpulvers@csusm.edu.; Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA;; Department of Preven	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Sep Volume 17 Issue 9 Start Page 1085 Other Pages 1095 Notes LR: 20151103; CI: (c) The Author 2014; GR: 1P60MD003422/MD/NIMHD NIH HHS/United States; GR: P30 CA077598/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9815751; OID: NLM: PMC4627485 [Available on 09/01/16]; PMCR: 2016/09/01 00:00; 2014/05/13 [received]; 2014/11/03 [a Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-994X; 1462-2203 Accession Number PMID: 25385875 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1093/ntr/ntu241 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25385875 Abstract INTRODUCTION: The present study characterizes the tobacco use, quitting behaviors, and health characteristics of cigarette smokers who did not change their smoking pattern over the past 6 months and have used electronic cigarettes (ECs) in the past 30 days. This is an important subpopulation to characterize if EC dual use with cigarettes continues to grow. METHODS: Participants (N = 2,376) from a research survey panel completed an online cross-sectional survey between June and August 2012. Sampling was stratified to recruit equal numbers of cigarette smoking participants by race/ethnicity (Black, Hispanic, and Caucasian) and smoking frequency (nondaily and daily). All displayed a stable rate of smoking for the past 6 months and were not currently in treatment. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to examine correlates of current EC use (any use within the past 30 days). RESULTS: Current EC use was reported by 9.2% (n = 219) of the total sample. Of current EC users, 44% reported having used ECs as a quit method. Bivariate and multivariate analyses showed that current EC use was significantly associated with greater nicotine dependence, concurrent poly-tobacco use, more past-year quit attempts, past use of multiple cessation methods, and more depressive symptoms. No demographic variables were significantly associated with current EC use. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that stable smokers who currently use ECs possess characteristics that are associated with difficulty in achieving smoking cessation. These characteristics should be considered when examining the effectiveness of ECs on cessation and in designing future cessation trials using ECs. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher . Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Data Source Authors Pulvers,K., Hayes,R.B., Scheuermann,T.S., Romero,D.R., Emami,A.S., Resnicow,K., Olendzki,E., Person,S.D., Ahluwalia,J.S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20141110 PMCID PMC4627485 Editors
An observational study of group waterpipe use in a natural environment	2014	Department of Psychology, Center for Neuroscience, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV;	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Jan Volume 16 Issue 1 Start Page 93 Other Pages 99 Notes LR: 20150423; GR: R01CA120142/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9815751; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); OID: NLM: PMC3864492; 2013/08/13 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-994X; 1462-2203 Accession Number PMID: 23943842 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 10.1093/ntr/ntt120 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23943842 Abstract INTRODUCTION: To date research on tobacco smoking with a waterpipe (hookah, narghile, and shisha) has focused primarily on the individual user in a laboratory setting. Yet, waterpipe tobacco smoking is often a social practice that occurs in cafes, homes, and other natural settings. This observational study examined the behavior of waterpipe tobacco smokers and the social and contextual features of waterpipe use among groups in their natural environment. METHODS: Trained observers visited urban waterpipe cafes on multiple occasions during an 8-month period. Observations of 241 individual users in naturally formed groups were made on smoking topography (puff frequency, duration, and interpuff interval [IPI]) and engagement in other activities (e.g., food and drink consumption, other tobacco use, and media viewing). RESULTS: Most users were male in group sizes of 3-4 persons, on average, and each table had 1 waterpipe, on average. The predominant social features during observational periods were conversation and nonalcoholic drinking. Greater puff number was associated with smaller group sizes and more waterpipes per group, while longer IPIs were associated with larger group sizes and fewer waterpipes per group. Additionally, greater puff frequency was observed during media viewing and in the absence of other tobacco use. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the results suggest that waterpipe smoking behavior is affected by group size and by certain social activities. Discussion focuses on how these findings enhance our understanding of factors that may influence exposure to waterpipe tobacco smoke toxicants in naturalistic environments. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Blank,M.D., Brown,K.W., Goodman,R.J., Eissenberg,T. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20130813 PMCID PMC3864492 Editors
Standardised (plain) cigarette packaging increases attention to both text-based and graphical health warnings: experimental evidence	2015	Department of Psychology, City University London, London, UK; Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK.; Department of Psychology, City University London, London, UK.; Department of Global Health & Development, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Lond	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Public health Periodical, Abbrev. Public Health Pub Date Free Form Jan Volume 129 Issue 1 Start Page 37 Other Pages 42 Notes LR: 20160713; CI: Copyright (c) 2014; GR: 09401/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom; GR: 100714/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom; GR: BB/K01479X/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom; JID: 0376507; OID: NLM: PMC4315810; OTO: NOTNL Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 1476-5616; 0033-3506 Accession Number PMID: 25542740 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.puhe.2014.10.019 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25542740 Abstract OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether standardised cigarette packaging increases the time spent looking at health warnings, regardless of the format of those warnings. STUDY DESIGN: A factorial (two pack styles x three warning types) within-subject experiment, with participants randomised to different orders of conditions, completed at a university in London, UK. METHODS: Mock-ups of cigarette packets were presented to participants with their branded portion in either standardised (plain) or manufacturer-designed (branded) format. Health warnings were present on all packets, representing all three types currently in use in the UK: black & white text, colour text, or colour images with accompanying text. Gaze position was recorded using a specialised eye tracker, providing the main outcome measure, which was the mean proportion of a five-second viewing period spent gazing at the warning-label region of the packet. RESULTS: An opportunity sample of 30 (six male, mean age = 23) young adults met the following inclusion criteria: 1) not currently a smoker; 2) 50% viewing time. These participants spent a greater proportion of the available time gazing at the warning-label region when the branded section of the pack was standardised (following current Australian guidelines) rather than containing the manufacturer's preferred design (mean difference in proportions = 0.078, 95% confidence interval 0.049 to 0.106, p Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Data Source Authors Shankleman,M., Sykes,C., Mandeville,K.L., Di Costa,S., Yarrow,K. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20141224 PMCID PMC4315810 Editors
Support for indoor bans on electronic cigarettes among current and former smokers	2014	Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA. skolar@miami.edu.; Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA. brogers@psy.miami.edu.;	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full International journal of environmental research and public health Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Environ.Res.Public.Health. Pub Date Free Form 25-Nov Volume 11 Issue 12 Start Page 12174 Other Pages 12189 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 101238455; OID: NLM: PMC4276608; 2014/11/03 [received]; 2014/11/18 [revised]; 2014/11/18 [accepted]; epublish Place of Publication Switzerland ISSN/ISBN 1660-4601; 1660-4601 Accession Number PMID: 25429684 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.3390/ijerph111212174 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25429684 Abstract OBJECTIVES: Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use is increasing in the U.S. Although marketed as a safer alternative for cigarettes, initial evidence suggests that e-cigarettes may pose a secondhand exposure risk. The current study explored the prevalence and correlates of support for e-cigarette bans. METHODS: A sample of 265 current/former smokers completed a cross-sectional telephone survey from June-September 2014; 45% Black, 31% White, 21% Hispanic. Items assessed support for home and workplace bans for cigarettes and e-cigarettes and associated risk perceptions. RESULTS: Most participants were aware of e-cigarettes (99%). RESULTS demonstrated less support for complete e-cigarette bans in homes and workplaces compared to cigarettes. Support for complete e-cigarette bans was strongest among older, higher income, married respondents, and former smokers. Complete e-cigarette bans were most strongly endorsed when perceptions of addictiveness and health risks were high. While both e-cigarette lifetime and never-users strongly supported cigarette smoking bans, endorsement for e-cigarette bans varied by lifetime use and intentions to use e-cigarettes. CONCLUSIONS: Support for indoor e-cigarette bans is relatively low among individuals with a smoking history. Support for e-cigarette bans may change as evidence regarding their use emerges. These findings have implications for public health policy. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Kolar,S.K., Rogers,B.G., Hooper,M.W. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20141125 PMCID PMC4276608 Editors
Transdermal nicotine-induced tobacco abstinence symptom suppression: nicotine dose and smokers' gender	2006	Department of Psychology, Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, 23298-0205, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology Periodical, Abbrev. Exp.Clin.Psychopharmacol. Pub Date Free Form May Volume 14 Issue 2 Start Page 121 Other Pages 135 Notes LR: 20151119; GR: DA018447/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: DA07027/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: DA11082/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 DA011082/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9419066; 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); NIHMS11824; OID: NLM: NIHM Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1064-1297; 1064-1297 Accession Number PMID: 16756416 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 2006-07129-003 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 16756416 Abstract An aversive tobacco abstinence syndrome, thought to reflect an underlying level of nicotine dependence, contributes to cigarette smokers' failed quit attempts. Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) suppresses tobacco abstinence, but high relapse rates suggest room for improvement. Improving NRT's efficacy might begin with identifying factors that influence tobacco abstinence symptom suppression. Two such factors are smokers' gender and NRT dose. The purpose of this study was to determine the dose-related effects of transdermal nicotine (TN) on tobacco abstinence symptoms in 75 men and 53 women who regularly smoked cigarettes but who had abstained from smoking for at least 8-12 hr. Participants completed 4 double-blind, randomized 6.5-hr laboratory sessions that differed by TN dose (0, 7, 21, or 42 mg). Each session included blood sampling for plasma nicotine level, measurement of heart rate, participants' ratings of tobacco abstinence symptoms and effects of nicotine, and psychomotor performance. Increases in plasma nicotine level were related to TN dose and were independent of gender. TN-induced abstinence symptom suppression was dose-related for items assessing craving and urge to smoke and largely was independent of gender. TN increased heart rate and ratings of aversive side effects (e.g., nausea, lightheadedness) in a dose-related manner, and women were more sensitive at higher doses. Results from this laboratory study support the continued use of TN as a pharmacotherapy. Higher doses may ameliorate some abstinence symptoms, although the side effect profile, at least in the short term, may limit effectiveness, especially for women. Descriptors Administration, Cutaneous, Adult, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Double-Blind Method, Female, Heart Rate/drug effects, Humans, Male, Nicotine/administration & dosage/adverse effects/blood, Sex Characteristics, Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/drug therapy/physiopathology, Tobacco Use Disorder/drug therapy/physiopathology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Evans,S. E., Blank,M., Sams,C., Weaver,M. F., Eissenberg,T. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID PMC1564049 Editors
Trends in Electronic Cigarette Use Among U.S. Adults: Use is Increasing in Both Smokers and Nonsmokers	2015	Department of Psychology, Mississippi State University and American Academy of Pediatrics Julius B. Richmond Center of Excellence, Starkville, MS; rcm19@msstate.edu.; Public Health Advocacy Institute at Northeastern University School of Law and American A	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Oct Volume 17 Issue 10 Start Page 1195 Other Pages 1202 Notes CI: (c) The Author 2014; JID: 9815751; 2014/04/07 [received]; 2014/09/22 [accepted]; 2014/11/06 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-994X; 1462-2203 Accession Number PMID: 25381306 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1093/ntr/ntu213 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25381306 Abstract OBJECTIVES: We assessed trends in use of electronic cigarettes among U.S. adults, demographic predictors of use, and smoking status of current electronic cigarette users. METHODS: Mixed-mode surveys were used to obtain representative, cross-sectional samples of U.S. adults in each of 4 years. RESULTS: Sample sizes for 2010, 2011, 2012, and 2013 were 3,240, 3,097, 3,101, and 3,245, respectively. Ever use of electronic cigarettes increased from 1.8% (2010) to 13.0% (2013), while current use increased from 0.3% to 6.8%, p Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher . Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Data Source Authors McMillen,R.C., Gottlieb,M.A., Shaefer,R.M., Winickoff,J.P., Klein,J.D. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20141106 PMCID Editors
Contingency management improves smoking cessation treatment outcomes among highly impulsive adolescent smokers relative to cognitive behavioral therapy	2015	Department of Psychology, Oberlin College, 120 West Lorain Street, Oberlin, OH 44074, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT 06519, United States. Electronic address: meghan.morean@gmail.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Addictive Behaviors Periodical, Abbrev. Addict.Behav. Pub Date Free Form Mar Volume 42 Issue Start Page 86 Other Pages 90 Notes LR: 20160301; CI: Copyright (c) 2014; GR: P50 DA009241/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: P50DA009241/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; JID: 7603486; NIHMS648517; OID: NLM: NIHMS648517; OID: NLM: PMC4285343; OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/09/16 [received]; 2014/11/11 [re Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1873-6327; 0306-4603 Accession Number PMID: 25462659 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.11.009 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25462659 Abstract BACKGROUND: Impulsive adolescents have difficulty quitting smoking. We examined if treatments that provide behavioral incentives for abstinence improve treatment outcomes among impulsive adolescent smokers, who have been shown to be highly sensitive to reward. METHODS: We ran secondary data analyses on 64 teen smokers (mean age=16.36 [1.44]; cigarettes/day=13.97 [6.61]; 53.1% female; 90.6% Caucasian) who completed a four-week smoking cessation trial to determine whether impulsive adolescents differentially benefit from receiving cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), contingency management (CM), or the combination of the two (CM/CBT). Indices of treatment efficacy included self-report percent days abstinent and end of treatment biochemically-confirmed 7-day point prevalence abstinence (EOT abstinence). We assessed self-reported impulsivity using the Brief Barratt Impulsiveness Scale. We used univariate Generalized Linear Modeling to examine main effects and interactions of impulsivity and treatment condition as predictors of self-reported abstinence, and exact logistic regression to examine EOT abstinence. RESULTS: CM/CBT and CM were comparably effective in promoting abstinence, so analyses were conducted comparing the efficacy of CBT to treatments with a CM component (i.e., CM and CM/CBT). CBT and deficient self-regulation predicted lower self-reported abstinence rates within the total analytic sample. Treatments containing CM were more effective than CBT in predicting 1) self-reported abstinence among behaviorally impulsive adolescents (% days abstinent: CM 77%; CM/CBT 81%; CBT 30%) and 2) EOT point prevalence abstinence among behaviorally impulsive adolescents and adolescents with significant deficits in self-regulation. CONCLUSION: CM-based interventions may improve the low smoking cessation rates previously observed among impulsive adolescent smokers. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier Ltd Data Source Authors Morean,M.E., Kong,G., Camenga,D.R., Cavallo,D.A., Carroll,K.M., Pittman,B., Krishnan-Sarin,S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20141120 PMCID PMC4285343 Editors

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