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Long bone histology of the stem salamander Kokartus honorarius (Amphibia: Caudata) from the Middle Jurassic of Kyrgyzstan	2015	Vertebrate Zoology Department, Biological Faculty, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of anatomy Periodical, Abbrev. J.Anat. Pub Date Free Form Apr Volume 226 Issue 4 Start Page 334 Other Pages 347 Notes CI: (c) 2015; JID: 0137162; OTO: NOTNLM; 2015/01/05 [accepted]; 2015/02/12 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-7580; 0021-8782 Accession Number PMID: 25682890 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1111/joa.12281 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25682890 Abstract Kokartus honorarius from the Middle Jurassic (Bathonian) of Kyrgyzstan is one of the oldest salamanders in the fossil record, characterized by a mixture of plesiomorphic morphological features and characters shared with crown-group salamanders. Here we present a detailed histological analysis of its long bones. The analysis of a growth series demonstrates a significant histological maturation during ontogeny, expressed by the progressive appearance of longitudinally oriented primary vascular canals, primary osteons, growth marks, remodelling features in primary bone tissues, as well as progressive resorption of the calcified cartilage, formation of endochondral bone and development of cartilaginous to bony trabeculae in the epiphyses. Apart from the presence of secondary osteons, the long bone histology of Kokartus is very similar to that of miniaturized temnospondyls, other Jurassic stem salamanders, miniaturized seymouriamorphs and modern crown-group salamanders. We propose that the presence of secondary osteons in Kokartus honorarius is a plesiomorphic feature, and the loss of secondary osteons in the long bones of crown-group salamanders as well as in those of miniaturized temnospondyls is the result of miniaturization processes. Hitherto, all stem salamander long bong histology (Kokartus, Marmorerpeton and 'salamander A') has been generally described as having paedomorphic features (i.e. the presence of Katschenko's Line and a layer of calcified cartilage), these taxa were thus most likely neotenic forms. The absence of clear lines of arrested growth and annuli in long bones of Kokartus honorarius suggests that the animals lived in an environment with stable local conditions. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Anatomical Society Data Source Authors Skutschas,P., Stein,K. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150212 PMCID Editors
Long-term exposure of Sitka spruce seedlings to trichloroacetic acid	2003	Cape, J.N., Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 OQB, United Kingdom	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Environmental Science and Technology Periodical, Abbrev. Environ.Sci.Technol. Pub Date Free Form 2003/07 Volume 37 Issue 13 Start Page 2953 Other Pages 2957 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0013-936X Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) has been implicated as an airborne pollutant responsible for adverse effects on forest health. There is considerable debate as to whether TCA observed in trees and forest soils is derived from atmospheric deposition or from in situ production. This experiment reports the results from treating 4-year-old Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr) plants in a greenhouse over a growing season with TCA supplied either to the soil or to the foliage at concentrations of 10 and 100 ng mL-1. Similar uptake of TCA by needles was observed for both modes of treatment, with significant accumulation of TCA (300 ng g-1 dry wt) at the higher concentration. Larger concentrations in stem tissue were seen for the foliar-applied TCA (280 ng g-1) than for the soil-applied TCA (70 ng g-1), suggesting that direct stem uptake may be important. Six months after treatments stopped, TCA concentrations in the needles of plants exposed to 100 ng mL-1 TCA were still enhanced, showing that biological degradation of TCA in needles was slow over the winter. By contrast, no significant enhancement of TCA in soil could be detected in the directly treated soils even during the experiment. The protein content of needles treated with the higher concentration of TCA by either route was significantly smaller than for the controls, but there was no effect of TCA on the conjugation of 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene in roots nor on the conjugation of 1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene in needles. Descriptors 1 chloro 2,4 dinitrobenzene, 1,2 dichloro 4 nitrobenzene, trichloroacetic acid, air pollutant, air pollution, article, atmospheric deposition, biodegradation, concentration (parameters), conjugation, controlled study, foliage, forest, forest soil, greenhouse, long term exposure, nonhuman, plant growth, plant root, plant stem, pollution transport, protein content, seedling, sitka spruce, winter Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Cape,J. N., Reeves,N. M., SchrÃ¶der,P., Heal,M. R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Long-term monitoring of atmospheric deposition and the implications of ionic inputs for the sustainability of a coniferous forest ecosystem	2001	Farrell, E.P., Forest Ecosystem Research Group, Faculty of Agriculture, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Water, air, and soil pollution Periodical, Abbrev. Water Air Soil Pollut. Pub Date Free Form 2001/ Volume 130 Issue 1-4 III Start Page 1055 Other Pages 1060 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0049-6979 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Ionic fluxes in a semi-mature stand of Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.), on a spodosol in eastern Ireland, were monitored over an eight-year period, 1991-1998. The paper focuses on the long-term viability of forests in this region. Input-output balances, proton budgets and critical loads suggest that the long-term sustainability of forests in the region is threatened unless atmospheric emissions of anthropogenic substances can be controlled. Descriptors ion, proton, article, atmospheric transport, controlled study, ecosystem, environmental management, environmental monitoring, environmental protection, forest, ion transport, Ireland, nonhuman, plant Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Farrell,E. P., Aherne,J., Boyle,G. M., Nunan,N. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Long-term prognostic effect of coronary atherosclerotic burden: validation of the computed tomography-Leaman score	2015	From the Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (S.M., G.P., A.L.B., E.B., M.P., D.A.); Cardiology Department, Hospital de Santa Cruz, CHLO, Lisbon, Portugal (P.D.A.G.); Cardiovascular Center, Hospital da Luz, ESS, Lisbon, Portugal (P.D.A.G.); C	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Circulation.Cardiovascular imaging Periodical, Abbrev. Circ.Cardiovasc.Imaging Pub Date Free Form Feb Volume 8 Issue 2 Start Page e002332 Other Pages Notes CI: (c) 2014; JID: 101479935; CIN: Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2015 Feb;8(2):e003081. PMID: 25666718; OTO: NOTNLM; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1942-0080; 1941-9651 Accession Number PMID: 25666717 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Validation Studies; IM DOI 10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.114.002332 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25666717 Abstract BACKGROUND: Computed tomography-adapted Leaman score (CT-LeSc) was developed to quantify coronary CT angiography information about atherosclerotic burden (lesion localization, stenosis degree, and plaque composition). The objective of the study is to evaluate CT-LeSc long-term prognostic value in patients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS AND RESULTS: Single-center prospective registry including 1304 consecutive patients undergoing coronary CT angiography for suspected CAD. High CT-LeSc was defined by upper tertile (score, >5) cutoff. Segment involvement score and segment stenosis score were also evaluated. Hard cardiac events (cardiac death and nonfatal acute coronary syndromes) were considered for analysis. Different Cox regression models were used to identify independent event predictors. Kaplan-Meier event-free survival was evaluated in 4 patient subgroups stratified by obstructive (>/=50% stenosis) versus nonobstructive CAD and a high (>5) versus a low (=5) CT-LeSc. Of 1196 patients included in the final analysis (mean follow-up of 52+/-22 months), 125 patients experienced 136 hard events (18 cardiac deaths and 118 nonfatal myocardial infarction). All atherosclerotic burden scores were independent predictors of cardiac events (hazard ratios of 3.09 for segment involvement score, 4.42 for segment stenosis score, and 5.39 for CT-LeSc). Cumulative event-free survival was 76.8% with a high CT-LeSc and 96.0% with a low CT-LeSc. Event-free survival in nonobstructive CAD with high CT-LeSc (78.6%) was similar to obstructive CAD with high CT-LeSc (76.5%) but lower than obstructive CAD with low CT-LeSc (80.7%). CONCLUSIONS: CT-LeSc is an independent long-term predictor of hard cardiac events. Patients with nonobstructive CAD and high CT-LeSc had hard event-free survival similar to patients with obstructive CAD. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher American Heart Association, Inc Data Source Authors Mushtaq,S., De Araujo Goncalves,P., Garcia-Garcia,H.M., Pontone,G., Bartorelli,A.L., Bertella,E., Campos,C.M., Pepi,M., Serruys,P.W., Andreini,D. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Long-term study of migration of volatile organic compounds from cross-linked polyethylene (PEX) pipes and effects on drinking water quality	2011	Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Water Hygiene, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 4404 Nydalen, NO-0403 Oslo, Norway. vidar.lund@fhi.no	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of water and health Periodical, Abbrev. J.Water.Health. Pub Date Free Form Sep Volume 9 Issue 3 Start Page 483 Other Pages 497 Notes LR: 20121115; JID: 101185420; 0 (Drinking Water); 0 (Methyl Ethers); 0 (Volatile Organic Compounds); 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical); 29I4YB3S89 (methyl tert-butyl ether); 9002-88-4 (Polyethylene); ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1477-8920; 1477-8920 Accession Number PMID: 21976195 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.2166/wh.2011.165 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 21976195 Abstract The objectives of this study were to investigate migration of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from cross-linked polyethylene (PEX) pipes used for drinking water produced by different production methods, and to evaluate their potential risk for human health and/or influence on aesthetic drinking water quality. The migration tests were carried out in accordance with EN-1420-1, and VOCs were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The levels of VOC migrating from new PEX pipes were generally low, and decreasing with time of pipe use. No association was found between production method of PEX pipes and concentration of migration products. 2,4-di-tert-butyl phenol and methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) were two of the major individual components detected. In three new PEX pipes, MTBE was detected in concentrations above the recommended US EPA taste and odour value for drinking water, but decreased below this value after 5 months in service. However, the threshold odour number (TON) values for two pipes were similar to new pipes even after 1 year in use. For seven chemicals for which conclusions on potential health risk could be drawn, this was considered of no or very low concern. However, odour from some of these pipes could negatively affect drinking water for up to 1 year. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Lund,V., Anderson-Glenna,M., Skjevrak,I., Steffensen,I.L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Longitudinal association between plaque and gingival bleeding in smokers and non-smokers	2002	School of Dental Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Germany. perio@t-online.de	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of clinical periodontology Periodical, Abbrev. J.Clin.Periodontol. Pub Date Free Form Apr Volume 29 Issue 4 Start Page 287 Other Pages 294 Notes LR: 20071115; JID: 0425123; ppublish Place of Publication Denmark ISSN/ISBN 0303-6979; 0303-6979 Accession Number PMID: 11966925 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; D; IM DOI cpe290403 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 11966925 Abstract BACKGROUND/AIMS: Whereas accumulation of dentogingival plaque inevitably leads to inflammatory reactions in the adjacent gingival tissue, there is limited information with regard to factors influencing naturally occurring fluctuation between gingival health and disease. The major aims of the present study were to investigate site-specific associations between plaque and gingivitis as well as transition dynamics of naturally occurring gingivitis in smoking and non-smoking young adults. METHODS: 65 systemically healthy young adults, 19 to 30 years old, participated. 33 volunteers smoked at least 20 cigarettes per day, whereas 32 subjects were non-smokers. Clinical periodontal conditions were assessed four times within a time period of 6 months. An ecological approach in data analysis as well as site-specific analyses considering the correlated structure of data were performed. RESULTS: At the outset and after 6 months, smokers had significantly more supragingival plaque than non-smokers. At the final examination, bleeding upon probing as well as calculus were more prevalent in smokers. A site-by-site analysis revealed that smokers tended to have a weaker association between supragingival plaque and bleeding on probing than non-smokers (median Mantel-Haenszel's common odds ratio 1.91 vs. 2.89, p=0.07). Multiple logistic regression analyses adjusted for periodontal probing depth, plaque and calculus identified smoking status to significantly increase the risk for the first transition of non-bleeding to bleeding upon probing by 86% (p<0.01). In contrast, recovery of bleeding sites was positively influenced by female gender, but not smoking. CONCLUSIONS: In multivariate analyses adjusted for probing depth, plaque and calculus, smokers appeared to be at higher risk for the transition from non-bleeding to bleeding on probing. Weaker associations between plaque and naturally occurring gingivitis in smokers may have important consequences for preventive strategies for gingivitis. Descriptors Adult, Analysis of Variance, Dental Calculus/etiology, Dental Devices, Home Care, Dental Plaque/etiology, Disease Progression, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Gingival Hemorrhage/etiology, Gingival Recession/etiology, Gingivitis/etiology, Humans, Logistic Models, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Multivariate Analysis, Odds Ratio, Periodontal Attachment Loss/etiology, Periodontal Pocket/etiology, Reproducibility of Results, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Smoking/adverse effects, Statistics as Topic, Statistics, Nonparametric, Toothbrushing Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Muller,H. P., Stadermann,S., Heinecke,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Longitudinal evaluation of GCF MMP-3 and TIMP-1 levels as prognostic factors for progression of periodontitis	2001	University of the Pacific School of Dentistry, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA. talpagot@uop-edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of clinical periodontology Periodical, Abbrev. J.Clin.Periodontol. Pub Date Free Form Apr Volume 28 Issue 4 Start Page 353 Other Pages 359 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 0425123; 0 (Biomarkers); 0 (Protease Inhibitors); 0 (Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1); EC 3.4.24.17 (Matrix Metalloproteinase 3); ppublish Place of Publication Denmark ISSN/ISBN 0303-6979; 0303-6979 Accession Number PMID: 11314892 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; D; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 11314892 Abstract BACKGROUND: To determine whether matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) could serve as prognostic factors for the progression of periodontitis, we monitored GCF MMP-3 and TIMP-1 and periodontal status of selected sites in 40 medically healthy subjects over a 6-month period. METHOD: Clinical measurements including gingival index (GI), plaque index, bleeding on probing, suppuration, probing depth (PD), attachment loss (AL), and GCF samples were taken from 2 healthy sites (including sites with gingival recession, GI=0 PD or =1; PD > or =5 mm; AL > or =3 mm) of each patient at baseline, 3-month and 6-month visits by means of sterile paper strips. GCF levels of MMP-3 and TIMP-1 were determined by sandwich ELISA assays. RESULTS: The mean amounts of MMP-3 and TIMP-1 in diseased sites were significantly higher than in healthy sites (p<0.0001). Significantly higher GCF levels of MMP-3 and TIMP-1 were found at progressing sites than in nonprogressing periodontitis sites (0.001 or =2 mm loss of attachment during 6- month study period. GCF levels of MMP-3 were highly correlated with clinical measurements taken at baseline, 3-month and 6-month visits (p<0.001). TIMP-1 levels were only moderately correlated with probing depth and attachment level (p<0.01). Step-wise multiple regression analysis was performed to construct models for the prediction of probing depth and attachment loss increases. The most parsimonious regression models which had the best R2 values included the following variables and accounted for the indicated % of variability. The regression model for the prediction of probing depth increase included MMP-3, smoking pack-years, TIMP-1 and accounted for 53% of the variability. The best model for the prediction of attachment loss increase included MMP-3, smoking pack-years, age, TIMP-1 and explained 59% of the variability. CONCLUSION: These data indicate that sites with high GCF levels of MMP-3 and TIMP-1 are at significantly greater risk for progression of periodontitis. Descriptors Adult, Age Factors, Analysis of Variance, Biomarkers/analysis, Dental Plaque Index, Disease Progression, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Forecasting, Gingival Crevicular Fluid/enzymology, Gingival Hemorrhage/classification/enzymology, Gingival Recession/enzymology, Gingivitis/enzymology, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Matrix Metalloproteinase 3/analysis, Middle Aged, Periodontal Attachment Loss/classification/enzymology, Periodontal Index, Periodontal Pocket/classification/enzymology, Periodontitis/enzymology/physiopathology, Prognosis, Protease Inhibitors/analysis, Regression Analysis, Risk Factors, Smoking/physiopathology, Suppuration, Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1/analysis Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Alpagot,T., Bell,C., Lundergan,W., Chambers,D. W., Rudin,R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Longitudinal study of e-cigarette use and onset of cigarette smoking among high school students in Hawaii	2016	Prevention and Control Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA.; Prevention and Control Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA.; Cancer Control Program, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, New Hamps	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tobacco control Periodical, Abbrev. Tob.Control Pub Date Free Form 25-Jan Volume Issue Start Page Other Pages Notes LR: 20160726; CI: Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/; GR: P30 CA071789/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United Stat Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1468-3318; 0964-4563 Accession Number PMID: 26811353 Language ENG SubFile JOURNAL ARTICLE DOI tobaccocontrol-2015-052705 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26811353 Abstract OBJECTIVE: Use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) is prevalent among adolescents, but there is little knowledge about the consequences of their use. We examined, longitudinally, how e-cigarette use among adolescents is related to subsequent smoking behaviour. METHODS: Longitudinal school-based survey with a baseline sample of 2338 students (9th and 10th graders, mean age 14.7 years) in Hawaii surveyed in 2013 (time 1, T1) and followed up 1 year later (time 2, T2). We assessed e-cigarette use, tobacco cigarette use, and psychosocial covariates (demographics, parental support and monitoring, and sensation seeking and rebelliousness). Regression analyses including the covariates tested whether e-cigarette use was related to the onset of smoking among youth who had never smoked cigarettes, and to change in smoking frequency among youth who had previously smoked cigarettes. RESULTS: Among T1 never-smokers, those who had used e-cigarettes at T1 were more likely to have smoked cigarettes at T2; for a complete-case analysis, adjusted OR=2.87, 95% CI 2.03 to 4.05, p Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Wills,T.A., Knight,R., Sargent,J.D., Gibbons,F.X., Pagano,I., Williams,R.J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20160125 PMCID PMC4959970 Editors
Low correlation between household carbon monoxide and particulate matter concentrations from biomass-related pollution in three resource-poor settings	2015	Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA.; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA.; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, School	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Environmental research Periodical, Abbrev. Environ.Res. Pub Date Free Form Oct Volume 142 Issue Start Page 424 Other Pages 431 Notes LR: 20160708; CI: Published by Elsevier Inc.; GR: HHSN268200900033C/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States; GR: HHSN268200900033C/PHS HHS/United States; JID: 0147621; 0 (Particulate Matter); 7U1EE4V452 (Carbon Monoxide); NIHMS712528; OID: NLM: NIHMS712528 [Availa Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1096-0953; 0013-9351 Accession Number PMID: 26245367 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 10.1016/j.envres.2015.07.012 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26245367 Abstract Household air pollution from the burning of biomass fuels is recognized as the third greatest contributor to the global burden of disease. Incomplete combustion of biomass fuels releases a complex mixture of carbon monoxide (CO), particulate matter (PM) and other toxins into the household environment. Some investigators have used indoor CO concentrations as a reliable surrogate of indoor PM concentrations; however, the assumption that indoor CO concentration is a reasonable proxy of indoor PM concentration has been a subject of controversy. We sought to describe the relationship between indoor PM2.5 and CO concentrations in 128 households across three resource-poor settings in Peru, Nepal, and Kenya. We simultaneously collected minute-to-minute PM2.5 and CO concentrations within a meter of the open-fire stove for approximately 24h using the EasyLog-USB-CO data logger (Lascar Electronics, Erie, PA) and the personal DataRAM-1000AN (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Waltham, MA), respectively. We also collected information regarding household construction characteristics, and cooking practices of the primary cook. Average 24h indoor PM2.5 and CO concentrations ranged between 615 and 1440 mug/m(3), and between 9.1 and 35.1 ppm, respectively. Minute-to-minute indoor PM2.5 concentrations were in a safe range ( Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Klasen,E.M., Wills,B., Naithani,N., Gilman,R.H., Tielsch,J.M., Chiang,M., Khatry,S., Breysse,P.N., Menya,D., Apaka,C., Carter,E.J., Sherman,C.B., Miranda,J.J., Checkley,W., COCINAS Trial Working Group Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150731 PMCID PMC4932836 Editors
Low frequency of infertility among workers in a borate processing facility	2003	Åžayli, B.S., Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Biological trace element research Periodical, Abbrev. Biol.Trace Elem.Res. Pub Date Free Form / Volume 93 Issue 3-Jan Start Page 19 Other Pages 29 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0163-4984 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract In order to rule out the possibility of omitting some individuals in the study at field visits described in previous articles, either because of the reluctance of the subject or because of his appointment elsewhere, fertility and infertility states of borate workers of the Borax and Acid Plants in Bandirma, Balikesir are given. Balikesir is one of the four provinces with large borate deposits of Turkey, and Bandirma is 1 of its 19 districts. This county is relatively far away from borate deposits, and drinking water piped out through the springs has a boron amount between 0.10 and 0.82 ppm B. That the participants are occupationally exposed to the mineral in essence is therefore conceivable. At the first phase of the investigation, 191 workers were interviewed, as detailed previously. Among these, there were six infertiles of the primary type with a rate 3.1%. Boron-unrelated infertile couples among sibs were found to be 2.6-3.6%, and 3.2% for three-generation marriages - none being higher than those revealed in different sets of controls. In the second stage of work, computerized files of all workers of the facility and all employees of the general management sharing the same location were checked without an interview. Twenty-four subjects (3.4%) out of 712 workers were childless versus 2.7% among 108 employees, and 2.2% among 91 workers of a distantly located sulfuric acid plant of the same complex. The differences were not significant, and these recent findings support the conclusion already reached almost unambiguously that boron exposure at the present levels does not interfere with human reproduction. Descriptors boric acid, sulfuric acid, air pollutant, article, drug effect, female, fertility, human, infertility, interview, male, occupational exposure, reproduction, Turkey (republic), water supply Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Åžayli,B. S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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