WTS database

Title Sort descending	Pub Year	Author	SearchLink
Lifetime and current waterpipe use among adolescents in Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran	2013		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Eastern Mediterranean health journal = La revue de sante de la Mediterranee orientale = al-Majallah al-sihhiyah li-sharq al-mutawassit Periodical, Abbrev. East.Mediterr.Health J. Pub Date Free Form Dec Volume 19 Issue 12 Start Page 1003 Other Pages 1013 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 9608387; ppublish Place of Publication Egypt ISSN/ISBN 1020-3397; 1020-3397 Accession Number PMID: 24684098 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24684098 Abstract Waterpipe use among Iranian adolescents has become a matter for concern. A descriptive, cross-sectional community-based survey was performed in 2010 to determine the prevalence of waterpipe use and associated factors among Iranian adolescents in Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran. After multi-stage, random cluster sampling 1201 adolescents aged 15-18 years old responded to a questionnaire based on the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance. The prevalence of current waterpipe smoking (at least once in the previous 30 days) was 28.0%, significantly higher among males (34.8%) than females (21.4%). A total of 45.1% of adolescents reported lifetime use (ever use) of waterpipes and 34.2% had ever shared a waterpipe. In multivariate logistic regression analysis the significant correlates of current waterpipe use for both males and females were having smokers among friends and family members, while for males, older age and educational failure were also risk factors. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Baheiraei,A., Hamzehgardeshi,Z., Mohammadi,M.R., Nedjat,S., Mohammadi,E. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Lifetime cumulative exposure to waterpipe smoking is associated with coronary artery disease	2014	Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.; Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Center	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Atherosclerosis Periodical, Abbrev. Atherosclerosis Pub Date Free Form Jun Volume 234 Issue 2 Start Page 454 Other Pages 460 Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2014; JID: 0242543; OTO: NOTNLM; 2013/11/22 [received]; 2014/03/20 [revised]; 2014/03/31 [accepted]; 2014/04/15 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Ireland ISSN/ISBN 1879-1484; 0021-9150 Accession Number PMID: 24814409 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Multicenter Study; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.03.036 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24814409 Abstract OBJECTIVE: Globally, waterpipe (WP) smoking is becoming a more prevalent form of tobacco consumption. Whilst research so far has demonstrated a significant link between WP use and a number of health outcomes, little is known of its association with heart disease. We examine in this study the association of WP smoking with angiographically confirmed coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS: A total of 1210 patients, aged 40 years and over and free from smoking-associated illnesses or history of cardiovascular procedures, admitted for coronary angiography at four major hospitals in Lebanon, were included. The extent of CAD was summarized in two ways, firstly as diseased (>/= 50% and >/= 70% occlusion in at least one main coronary artery) versus non-diseased (entirely normal coronaries), and secondly, as CAD cumulative score based on Duke CAD Prognostic Index. A score of WP-years, capturing intensity and lifetime duration of exposure, was estimated for each individual. RESULTS: Lifetime exposure exceeding 40 WP-years was associated with a threefold significant increase in the odds of having severe stenosis (>/= 70%) compared to non-smokers (OR = 2.94, 95% CI 1.04-8.33) as well as with the CAD Index (beta = 7.835, p-value = 0.027), net of the effect of socio-demographic characteristics, health behaviors and co-morbidity. A dose-response relationship between WP-years and percent stenosis was also established. WP smoking status (never, past and current) did not associate with CAD. CONCLUSIONS: Cumulative exposure to WP smoking is significantly associated with severe CAD. There is a need to monitor WP use among cardiac patients and include this information in their medical charts in the same manner cigarettes smoking is documented. This is likely to increase awareness of the hazards of WP smoking and prompt physicians to target WP tobacco control by providing advice to their patients on WP smoking cessation. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier Ireland Ltd Data Source Authors Sibai,A.M., Tohme,R.A., Almedawar,M.M., Itani,T., Yassine,S.I., Nohra,E.A., Isma'eel,H.A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20140415 PMCID Editors
Linking Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) data to the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC): the case for Lebanon	2008	Non-Communicable Disease Program World Health Organization, Beirut Office Glass Building 4th Floor, Museum Square Beirut Lebanon. saadeg@leb.emro.who.int	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Preventive medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Prev.Med. Pub Date Free Form Sep Volume 47 Suppl 1 Issue Start Page S15 Other Pages 9 Notes JID: 0322116; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 2008/02/14 [received]; 2008/05/28 [revised]; 2008/06/04 [accepted]; 2008/06/12 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1096-0260; 0091-7435 Accession Number PMID: 18590759 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1016/j.ypmed.2008.06.003 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18590759 Abstract OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this paper is to use data collected in the 2001 and 2005 Lebanon Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) to monitor articles in the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC). This information is necessary to enhance the capacity of the Ministry of Health and relevant organizations to design, implement, and evaluate tobacco control and prevention programs in Lebanon, especially among adolescents. METHODS: The GYTS is a school-based survey which uses a two-stage sample design to produce representative, independent, cross-sectional estimates. The GYTS was conducted in 2001 and 2005 in Lebanon to produce representative national estimates. Data in this report are limited to students aged 13-15 years. In total, 5035 students from 50 schools participated in 2001; and 3341 students from 50 schools participated in 2005. RESULTS: The data in this report show that, in 2005, 8.6% of the students currently smoked cigarettes, but 33.9% currently smoked narguileh. Half of current smokers wanted to stop smoking and 6 in 10 have tried to stop during the past year but have failed. In 2005, exposure to SHS at home (78.4%) and in public places (74.4%) was very high; while 85.2% thought smoking should be banned in public places. Nearly 9 in 10 students who usually buy their cigarettes in stores were not refused purchase because of their age. Overall, only half of the students in Lebanon reported that during the past school year they had been taught about the dangers of smoking. CONCLUSIONS: Data in this report can be used as baseline measures for future evaluation of the tobacco control programs implemented by the Ministry of Health with particular attention to youth. The key for the Lebanese parliament is to develop, endorse, implement and enforce these new tobacco control laws and use the data from GYTS to monitor progress toward achieving the goals of the WHO FCTC. One key component of tobacco control needs to be the monitoring of Narguileh use among youth, a new emergency. Descriptors Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Advertising as Topic, Female, Humans, Lebanon/epidemiology, Male, Population Surveillance, Prevalence, Sex Factors, Smoking/epidemiology/prevention & control, Smoking Cessation/psychology/statistics & numerical data, Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology/prevention & control, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/legislation & jurisprudence/prevention & control/statistics & numerical data Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Saade,G., Warren,C. W., Jones,N. R., Asma,S., Mokdad,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20080612 PMCID Editors
Linking Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) data to the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control: the case for Indonesia	2008	Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia. doctjand@indosat.net.id	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Preventive medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Prev.Med. Pub Date Free Form Sep Volume 47 Suppl 1 Issue Start Page S11 Other Pages 4 Notes JID: 0322116; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 2007/08/02 [received]; 2008/04/19 [revised]; 2008/05/05 [accepted]; 2008/05/10 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1096-0260; 0091-7435 Accession Number PMID: 18585772 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; IM DOI 10.1016/j.ypmed.2008.05.003 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18585772 Abstract OBJECTIVES: Indonesia has the fifth highest rate of annual cigarette consumption per person of all countries worldwide. The Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) was developed to provide data on youth tobacco use to countries for their development of youth-based tobacco control programs. Data in this report can be used as baseline measures for future evaluation of the tobacco control program implemented by Indonesia's Ministry of Health. METHODS: The 2006 Indonesia GYTS is a school-based survey that included separate samples for Java and Sumatera, representing more than 84% of the population of Indonesia. Each sample used a two-stage cluster sample design that produced representative samples of students in secondary grades 1-3, which are associated with ages 13-15 years. RESULTS: This report shows that more than 1 in 10 students (12.6%) currently smoked cigarettes, with the prevalence among boys (24.5%) significantly higher than among girls (2.3%). Of the students who currently smoked, more than 7 in 10 (75.9%) reported that they desired to stop smoking now. Regarding secondhand smoke exposure, more than 6 in 10 students (64.2%) reported that they were exposed to smoke from other people in their home during the week before the survey. More than 9 in 10 students (92.9%) had seen a lot of advertisements for cigarettes on billboards during the past month and more than 8 in 10 (82.8%) had seen a lot of advertisements for cigarettes in newspapers or in magazines. CONCLUSIONS: Tobacco control in Indonesia will likely not move forward until the government evaluates and strengthens existing laws, considers passing new strong laws, and develops protocols for enforcing all laws. The Indonesian government also should strongly consider accession to the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. Descriptors Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior/psychology, Environmental Exposure, Female, Humans, Indonesia/epidemiology, Male, Population Surveillance/methods, Prevalence, Sex Factors, Smoking/epidemiology/prevention & control/psychology, Smoking Cessation/psychology/statistics & numerical data, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/prevention & control/statistics & numerical data, World Health Organization Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Aditama,T. Y., Pradono,J., Rahman,K., Warren,C. W., Jones,N. R., Asma,S., Lee,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20080510 PMCID Editors
Linking mass media campaigns to pictorial warning labels on cigarette packages: a cross-sectional study to evaluate effects among Mexican smokers	2013	Department of Health Promotion, Education and Behavior, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA. thrasher@mailbox.sc.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tobacco control Periodical, Abbrev. Tob.Control Pub Date Free Form May Volume 22 Issue e1 Start Page e57 Other Pages 65 Notes GR: P01 CA138389/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9209612; OTO: NOTNLM; 2012/06/29 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1468-3318; 0964-4563 Accession Number PMID: 22752271 Language eng SubFile Evaluation Studies; Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2011-050282 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22752271 Abstract OBJECTIVE: This study assessed the effects of pictorial health warning labels (HWLs) and a linked media campaign in Mexico. METHODS: Cross-sectional data were collected from a population-based sample of 1756 adult smokers, aged 18-55 years, during the initial implementation of pictorial HWLs, which some smokers had seen on cigarette packages while others had seen only the text-based HWLs. Exposure to the campaign and pictorial HWLs was assessed with aided recall methods, and other questions addressed attention and cognitive impact of HWLs, knowledge related to HWL and campaign content, and quit-related thoughts and behaviours. Logistic and linear regression models were estimated to determine associations between key outcomes and intervention exposure. RESULTS: In bivariate and multivariate adjusted models, recall of pictorial HWLs and of the campaign were positively associated with greater attention to and cognitive impact of HWLs, whereas only pictorial HWL exposure was associated with having refrained from smoking due to HWLs. Both recall of pictorial HWLs and of the campaign were independently associated with greater knowledge of secondhand smoke harms and toxic tobacco constituents. Smokers who recalled only the pictorial HWLs were more likely to try to quit than smokers who recalled neither the pictorial HWLs nor the campaign (17% vs 6%, p Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Thrasher,J.F., Murukutla,N., Perez-Hernandez,R., Alday,J., Arillo-Santillan,E., Cedillo,C., Gutierrez,J.P. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20120629 PMCID Editors
Liposomal amphotericin B displays rapid dose-dependent activity against Candida albicans biofilms	2013	Infection and Immunity Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom. gordon.ramage@glasgow.ac.uk	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Periodical, Abbrev. Antimicrob.Agents Chemother. Pub Date Free Form May Volume 57 Issue 5 Start Page 2369 Other Pages 2371 Notes LR: 20150219; JID: 0315061; 0 (Antifungal Agents); 0 (Echinocandins); 0 (Pyrimidines); 0 (Triazoles); 0 (liposomal amphotericin B); 7XU7A7DROE (Amphotericin B); F0XDI6ZL63 (caspofungin); JFU09I87TR (Voriconazole); OID: NLM: PMC3632906; 2013/02/19 [aheadof Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1098-6596; 0066-4804 Accession Number PMID: 23422915 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1128/AAC.02344-12 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23422915 Abstract Biofilms formed by Candida albicans bloodstream isolates on catheters are an important clinical problem. Devising chemotherapeutic strategies to treat these in situ is an attractive option. We report here that liposomal amphotericin effectively kills C. albicans biofilms rapidly (12 h) and effectively (>90%) in a dose-dependent manner, whereas caspofungin displays an inverse concentration-dependent effect. This study has implications for considering the effective doses of antifungal agents used for catheter lock therapy. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Ramage,G., Jose,A., Sherry,L., Lappin,D.F., Jones,B., Williams,C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20130219 PMCID PMC3632906 Editors
Liquid crystal precursor mucoadhesive system as a strategy to improve the prophylactic action of Syngonanthus nitens (Bong.) Ruhland against infection by Candida krusei	2015	Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sao Paulo State University, Araraquara, Brazil.; Department of Drugs and Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sao Paulo State University, Araraquara, Brazil.; Department of Infe	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full International journal of nanomedicine Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Nanomedicine Pub Date Free Form 16-Dec Volume 10 Issue Start Page 7455 Other Pages 7466 Notes LR: 20160102; JID: 101263847; OID: NLM: PMC4687718; OTO: NOTNLM; 2015 [ecollection]; 2015/12/16 [epublish]; epublish Place of Publication New Zealand ISSN/ISBN 1178-2013; 1176-9114 Accession Number PMID: 26719688 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.2147/IJN.S92638 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26719688 Abstract Vaginal infections caused by Candida krusei are a problem of extreme complexity due to the intrinsic resistance to azole drugs. The species Syngonanthus nitens (Bong.) Ruhland is a plant of the Eriocaulaceae family that has demonstrated promising antifungal activity. In phyto-formulation research, liquid crystal precursor mucoadhesive systems (LCPM) stand out as drug delivery systems for vaginal administration because they increase the activity and overcome the problems associated with plant-based medicines. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of the methanolic extract of scapes of S. nitens (S. nitens extract [SNE]) and an SNE-loaded LCPM against C. krusei as prophylaxis for vulvovaginal candidiasis. LCPM formulation developed consisted of oleic acid as the oil phase (50% w/w), polyoxypropylene (5) polyoxyethylene (20) cetyl alcohol (40% w/w) as the surfactant and a polymeric dispersion containing 2.5% Carbopol((R)) 974P and 2.5% polycarbophil (10% w/w) as the aqueous phase. LCPM formulation developed was characterized using polarized light microscopy, rheological analysis, and in vitro mucoadhesive studies. Different strains of C. krusei, including one standard strain (American Type Culture Collection 6258) and three clinically isolated strains from the vaginal region (CKV1, 2, and 3), were used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration, inhibition of biofilms, and time kill. The in vivo prophylaxis assay was performed using the standard strain (American Type Culture Collection 6258). The analyses of F by polarized light microscopy and rheology showed isotropy; however, the addition of 100% artificial vaginal mucus (F100) made it more viscous and anisotropic. Moreover, the mucoadhesive strength was modified, which makes F an excellent formulation for vaginal applications. SNE was active against all strains studied, with minimum inhibitory concentration values ranging from 125 to 62.5 microg/mL; after incorporating SNE into F (FE), these values decreased to 62.5 to 31.2 microg/mL, demonstrating that incorporation into the formulation potentiated the action of SNE. Additionally, the time kill assays showed that both forms of SNE were capable of controlling growth, thereby suggesting a possible fungistatic mechanism. Unloaded SNE was not active against C. krusei biofilms, but FE was active against a clinical strain (CKV2). In vivo analysis showed that FE was able to prevent the development of infection following 10 days of administration. We concluded that the formulation developed in this study was an important vehicle for the delivery of SNE based on the improved antifungal activity in all in vitro and in vivo analyses. Furthermore, the extract incorporated into the system may serve as an important prophylactic agent against vaginal infections caused by C. krusei. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors dos Santos Ramos,M.A., Calixto,G., de Toledo,L.G., Bonifacio,B.V., dos Santos,L.C., de Almeida,M.T., Chorilli,M., Bauab,T.M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20151216 PMCID PMC4687718 Editors
Litiasis fosa navicular de uretra	2005		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Arch Esp Urol Periodical, Abbrev. Arch.Esp.Urol. Pub Date Free Form Volume 58 Issue 10 Start Page 1070 Other Pages 2 Notes ID: 16482860 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language es SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the treatment of the meatus urethral lithiasis. METHODS/RESULTS: A case of a 52 year-old male patient is reported with a big stone in the urethral meatus. Male patient that consults for Micturitional Syndrome, disury and difficully when urinating, in whom felt induration of the glans and observed a water-pipe where the patient urinated. The Diagnoses was made by the observation and the palpation of the glans. It was extracted by meatoplasthy with good results. CONCLUSIONS: The treatment of the meatus urethral big lithiasis that causes obstruction is the meatoplasthy. Descriptors Urethral Diseases, Urinary Calculi, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Urethral Diseases/diagnosis, Urethral Diseases/therapy, Urinary Calculi/diagnosis, Urinary Calculi/therapy Links http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/mdl-16482860 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Granados Loarca,Edgar Antonio, Salazar Monterroso,Carlos, Robles,Carlos Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Little Cigars and Cigarillos: Users, Perceptions, and Reasons for Use	2016	Research Consultant, Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science (TCORS), School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA.; Associate Professor, Division of Health Promotion & Behavior, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, G	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tobacco regulatory science Periodical, Abbrev. Tob Regul.Sci. Pub Date Free Form Jul Volume 2 Issue 3 Start Page 239 Other Pages 251 Notes LR: 20160717; GR: P50 DA036128/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; JID: 101655763; NIHMS791953; OTO: NOTNLM; 2016/07/01 [epublish]; ppublish Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 2333-9748; 2333-9748 Accession Number PMID: 27413772 Language ENG SubFile JOURNAL ARTICLE DOI 10.18001/TRS.2.3.4 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 27413772 Abstract OBJECTIVE: This study examines little cigar and cigarillo (LCC) adult user characteristics, perceived addictiveness, use and importance of flavors, intentions to continue use, and reasons for use to inform prevention efforts and regulatory policy. METHODS: Data come from the 2014 Tobacco Products and Risk Perceptions Survey of a national probability sample of 5717 US adults, conducted online, June-November, 2014. The analytic sample consisted of 141 current LCC users. RESULTS: Current LCC smokers were more likely to be male, younger, black or Hispanic, lower SES, current cigarette smokers, and to report poorer health than non-smokers. Perceived addictiveness was low overall, with 73.6% considering themselves "not at all" addicted, although female LCC users and dual users of cigarettes were more likely to consider themselves addicted to LCCs. Use of flavored LCCs was widespread. Flavors were cited as important reasons for use, especially among younger users, as were favorable comparisons with affordability and burn time of cigarettes. CONCLUSIONS: Most LCC users do not perceive themselves addicted to LCCs. Users report being influenced most by flavorings and affordability, indicating that appropriate regulations and education to improve health perceptions could help reduce use of these harmful products. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Nyman,A.L., Sterling,K.L., Weaver,S.R., Majeed,B.A., Eriksen,M.P. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20160701 PMCID PMC4939836 Editors
Local domestication of lactic acid bacteria via cassava beer fermentation	2014	Department of Anthropology, University of Oregon , Eugene, OR , USA ; Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon , Eugene, OR , USA.; Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon , Eugene, OR , USA.; Department of Anthropology, U	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full PeerJ Periodical, Abbrev. PeerJ Pub Date Free Form 8-Jul Volume 2 Issue Start Page e479 Other Pages Notes LR: 20140731; JID: 101603425; OID: NLM: PMC4103073; OTO: NOTNLM; 2014 [ecollection]; 2014/02/02 [received]; 2014/06/18 [accepted]; 2014/07/08 [epublish]; epublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 2167-8359 Accession Number PMID: 25071997 Language eng SubFile Journal Article DOI 10.7717/peerj.479 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25071997 Abstract Cassava beer, or chicha, is typically consumed daily by the indigenous Shuar people of the Ecuadorian Amazon. This traditional beverage made from cassava tuber (Manihot esculenta) is thought to improve nutritional quality and flavor while extending shelf life in a tropical climate. Bacteria responsible for chicha fermentation could be a source of microbes for the human microbiome, but little is known regarding the microbiology of chicha. We investigated bacterial community composition of chicha batches using Illumina high-throughput sequencing. Fermented chicha samples were collected from seven Shuar households in two neighboring villages in the Morona-Santiago region of Ecuador, and the composition of the bacterial communities within each chicha sample was determined by sequencing a region of the 16S ribosomal gene. Members of the genus Lactobacillus dominated all samples. Significantly greater phylogenetic similarity was observed among chicha samples taken within a village than those from different villages. Community composition varied among chicha samples, even those separated by short geographic distances, suggesting that ecological and/or evolutionary processes, including human-mediated factors, may be responsible for creating locally distinct ferments. Our results add to evidence from other fermentation systems suggesting that traditional fermentation may be a form of domestication, providing endemic beneficial inocula for consumers, but additional research is needed to identify the mechanisms and extent of microbial dispersal. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Colehour,A.M., Meadow,J.F., Liebert,M.A., Cepon-Robins,T.J., Gildner,T.E., Urlacher,S.S., Bohannan,B.J., Snodgrass,J.J., Sugiyama,L.S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20140708 PMCID PMC4103073 Editors

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