WTS database

Title	Pub Year	Author	SearchLink Sort descending
Biodiversity in Oscypek, a traditional Polish cheese, determined by culture-dependent and -independent approaches	2012	Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Applied and Environmental Microbiology Periodical, Abbrev. Appl.Environ.Microbiol. Pub Date Free Form Mar Volume 78 Issue 6 Start Page 1890 Other Pages 1898 Notes LR: 20150128; JID: 7605801; 0 (DNA, Bacterial); 0 (DNA, Fungal); 0 (DNA, Ribosomal); 0 (RNA, Bacterial); 0 (RNA, Fungal); 0 (RNA, Ribosomal); 0 (RNA, Ribosomal, 16S); 0 (RNA, ribosomal, 26S); OID: NLM: PMC3298175; 2012/01/13 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1098-5336; 0099-2240 Accession Number PMID: 22247135 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1128/AEM.06081-11 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22247135 Abstract Oscypek is a traditional Polish scalded-smoked cheese, with a protected-designation-of-origin (PDO) status, manufactured from raw sheep's milk without starter cultures in the Tatra Mountains region of Poland. This study was undertaken in order to gain insight into the microbiota that develops and evolves during the manufacture and ripening stages of Oscypek. To this end, we made use of both culturing and the culture-independent methods of PCR followed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) and pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons. The culture-dependent technique and PCR-DGGE fingerprinting detected the predominant microorganisms in traditional Oscypek, whereas the next-generation sequencing technique (454 pyrosequencing) revealed greater bacterial diversity. Besides members of the most abundant bacterial genera in dairy products, e.g., Lactococcus, Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc, Streptococcus, and Enterococcus, identified by all three methods, other, subdominant bacteria belonging to the families Bifidobacteriaceae and Moraxellaceae (mostly Enhydrobacter), as well as various minor bacteria, were identified by pyrosequencing. The presence of bifidobacterial sequences in a cheese system is reported for the first time. In addition to bacteria, a great diversity of yeast species was demonstrated in Oscypek by the PCR-DGGE method. Culturing methods enabled the determination of a number of viable microorganisms from different microbial groups and their isolation for potential future applications in specific cheese starter cultures. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Alegria,A., Szczesny,P., Mayo,B., Bardowski,J., Kowalczyk,M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20120113 PMCID PMC3298175 Editors
Interventions for preventing weight gain after smoking cessation	2012	Primary Care Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Cochrane database of systematic reviews Periodical, Abbrev. Cochrane Database Syst.Rev. Pub Date Free Form 18-Jan Volume 1 Issue Start Page CD006219 Other Pages Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 100909747; 0 (Antidepressive Agents); 0 (Benzazepines); 0 (Nicotinic Agonists); 0 (Piperidines); 0 (Pyrazoles); 0 (Quinoxalines); 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-493X; 1361-6137 Accession Number PMID: 22258966 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review; IM DOI 10.1002/14651858.CD006219.pub3 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22258966 Abstract BACKGROUND: Most people who stop smoking gain weight. There are some interventions that have been designed to reduce weight gain when stopping smoking. Some smoking cessation interventions may also limit weight gain although their effect on weight has not been reviewed. OBJECTIVES: To systematically review the effect of: (1) Interventions targeting post-cessation weight gain on weight change and smoking cessation.(2) Interventions designed to aid smoking cessation that may also plausibly affect weight on post-cessation weight change. SEARCH METHODS: Part 1 - We searched the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group's Specialized Register and CENTRAL in September 2011.Part 2 - In addition we searched the included studies in the following "parent" Cochrane reviews: nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), antidepressants, nicotine receptor partial agonists, cannabinoid type 1 receptor antagonists and exercise interventions for smoking cessation published in Issue 9, 2011 of the Cochrane Library. SELECTION CRITERIA: Part 1 - We included trials of interventions that were targeted at post-cessation weight gain and had measured weight at any follow up point and/or smoking cessation six or more months after quit day.Part 2 - We included trials that had been included in the selected parent Cochrane reviews if they had reported weight gain at any time point. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We extracted data on baseline characteristics of the study population, intervention, outcome and study quality. Change in weight was expressed as difference in weight change from baseline to follow up between trial arms and was reported in abstinent smokers only. Abstinence from smoking was expressed as a risk ratio (RR). We used the most rigorous definition of abstinence available in each trial. Where appropriate, we performed meta-analysis using the inverse variance method for weight and Mantel-Haenszel method for smoking using a fixed-effect model. MAIN RESULTS: Part 1: Some pharmacological interventions tested for limiting post cessation weight gain (PCWG) resulted in a significant reduction in WG at the end of treatment (dexfenfluramine (Mean difference (MD) -2.50 kg, 95% confidence interval (CI) -2.98 to -2.02, 1 study), phenylpropanolamine (MD -0.50 kg, 95% CI -0.80 to -0.20, N=3), naltrexone (MD -0.78 kg, 95% CI -1.52 to -0.05, N=2). There was no evidence that treatment reduced weight at 6 or 12 months (m). No pharmacological intervention significantly affected smoking cessation rates.Weight management education only was associated with no reduction in PCWG at end of treatment (6 or 12m). However these interventions significantly reduced abstinence at 12m (Risk ratio (RR) 0.66, 95% CI 0.48 to 0.90, N=2). Personalised weight management support reduced PCWG at 12m (MD -2.58 kg, 95% CI -5.11 to -0.05, N=2) and was not associated with a significant reduction of abstinence at 12m (RR 0.74, 95% CI 0.39 to 1.43, N=2). A very low calorie diet (VLCD) significantly reduced PCWG at end of treatment (MD -3.70 kg, 95% CI -4.82 to -2.58, N=1), but not significantly so at 12m (MD -1.30 kg, 95% CI -3.49 to 0.89, N=1). The VLCD increased chances of abstinence at 12m (RR 1.73, 95% CI 1.10 to 2.73, N=1). There was no evidence that cognitive behavioural therapy to allay concern about weight gain (CBT) reduced PCWG, but there was some evidence of increased PCWG at 6m (MD 0.74, 95% CI 0.24 to 1.24). It was associated with improved abstinence at 6m (RR 1.83, 95% CI 1.07 to 3.13, N=2) but not at 12m (RR 1.25, 95% CI 0.83 to 1.86, N=2). However, there was significant statistical heterogeneity.Part 2: We found no evidence that exercise interventions significantly reduced PCWG at end of treatment (MD -0.25 kg, 95% CI -0.78 to 0.29, N=4) however a significant reduction was found at 12m (MD -2.07 kg, 95% CI -3.78 to -0.36, N=3).Both bupropion and fluoxetine limited PCWG at the end of treatment (bupropion MD -1.12 kg, 95% CI -1.47 to -0.77, N=7) (fluoxetine MD -0.99 kg, 95% CI -1.36 to - Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Farley,A.C., Hajek,P., Lycett,D., Aveyard,P. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20120118 PMCID Editors
Interventions for smoking cessation in Indigenous populations	2012	Clinical Practice Unit, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, Australia. kristin.carson@health.sa.gov.au.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Cochrane database of systematic reviews Periodical, Abbrev. Cochrane Database Syst.Rev. Pub Date Free Form 18-Jan Volume 1 Issue Start Page CD009046 Other Pages Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 100909747; 0 (Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors); 01ZG3TPX31 (Bupropion); epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-493X; 1361-6137 Accession Number PMID: 22258998 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review; IM DOI 10.1002/14651858.CD009046.pub2 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22258998 Abstract BACKGROUND: Tobacco use in Indigenous populations (people who have inhabited a country for thousands of years) is often double that of the non-Indigenous population. A disproportionate burden of substance-related morbidity and mortality exists as a result. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness of smoking cessation interventions in Indigenous populations and to summarise these approaches for future cessation programmes and research. SEARCH METHODS: The Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group Specialised Register of Trials was searched (April 2011), with additional searches of MEDLINE (May 2011). Online clinical trial databases and publication references were also searched for potential studies. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included randomized and non-randomized controlled trials for smoking cessation interventions in Indigenous populations. Interventions could include pharmacotherapies, cognitive and behavioural therapies, alternative therapies, public policy and combination therapies. No attempts were made to re-define Indigenous status for the purpose of including a study in this review. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Data pertaining to methodology, participants, interventions and outcomes were extracted by one reviewer and checked by a second, whilst methodological quality was extracted independently by two reviewers. Studies were assessed by qualitative narrative synthesis and where possible meta-analysis. The review process was examined by an Indigenous (Aboriginal) Australian for applicability, acceptability and content. MAIN RESULTS: Four studies met all of the eligibility criteria for inclusion within the review. Two used combination therapies consisting of a pharmacotherapy combined with cognitive and behavioural therapies, whilst the remaining two used cognitive and behavioural therapy through counselling, one via text message support and the other delivered via clinic doctors trained in smoking cessation techniques. Smoking cessation data were pooled across all studies producing a statistically and clinically significant effect in favour of the intervention (risk ratio 1.43, 95%CI 1.03 to 1.98, p=0.032), however following sensitivity analysis a statistically non-significant but clinically significant effect was observed in favour of the intervention (risk ratio 1.33, 95%CI 0.95 to 1.85, p=NS) . AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: A significant health disparity exists, whereby Indigenous populations, a minority, are over-represented in the burden of smoking-related morbidity and mortality. This review highlights the paucity of evidence available to evaluate the effectiveness of smoking cessation interventions, despite the known success of these interventions in non-Indigenous populations. Due to this lack of published investigations, the external validity of this review is limited, as is the ability to draw reliable conclusions from the results. The limited but available evidence reported does indicate that smoking cessation interventions specifically targeted at Indigenous populations can produce smoking abstinence. However this evidence base is not strong with a small number of methodologically sound trials investigating these interventions. More rigorous trials are now required to assist in bridging the gap between tobacco related health disparities in Indigenous and non-Indigenous populations. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Carson,K.V., Brinn,M.P., Peters,M., Veale,A., Esterman,A.J., Smith,B.J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20120118 PMCID Editors
Primary and dual users of cigars and cigarettes: profiles, tobacco use patterns and relevance to policy	2012	Department of Research and Evaluation, Legacy, Washington, DC, USA. arichardson@legacyforhealth.org	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Aug Volume 14 Issue 8 Start Page 927 Other Pages 932 Notes JID: 9815751; 2012/01/17 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-994X; 1462-2203 Accession Number PMID: 22259149 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1093/ntr/ntr306 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22259149 Abstract INTRODUCTION: The Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act provides an unprecedented opportunity to regulate tobacco in the United States. However, restrictions on little cigars, cigarillos, and large cigars are notably absent from the Act, which may create a favorable environment for increased dual usage of cigars. The purpose of this study is to examine demographic profiles and tobacco use behaviors of dual, as opposed to primary, users of cigarettes and cigars. METHODS: This study used data from a cross-sectional nationally representative survey of 2,649 adult smokers and nonsmokers. Multivariable regression analysis was used to compare the demographic characteristics and tobacco use behaviors of dual users versus cigarette-only smokers. RESULTS: Data indicate that 12.5% of cigarette smokers are dual users of cigars. Dual users are more likely to be male, 18-29 years of age, non-Hispanic Black, of lower educational attainment, and either unemployed or out of the work force. Dual users were less likely than cigarette-only smokers to be daily cigarette smokers (odds ratio [OR] = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.32, 1.02), more likely to have made a recent quit attempt (OR = 2.39, 95% CI: 1.44, 3.97), and more likely to have used at least one other alternative product (OR = 2.26, 95% CI: 1.26, 4.05), including snus, e-cigarettes, dissolvables, and chewing tobacco. CONCLUSIONS: As greater restrictions on cigarettes become implemented in the United States, it will be critical to monitor increased dual use of cigars, in order to inform prevention and treatment strategies and guide more comprehensive policy efforts. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Richardson,A., Xiao,H., Vallone,D.M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20120117 PMCID Editors
Biodiversity of yeasts, lactic acid bacteria and acetic acid bacteria in the fermentation of "Shanxi aged vinegar", a traditional Chinese vinegar	2012	College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Lion Hill Street No.1, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei Province, PR China.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Food Microbiology Periodical, Abbrev. Food Microbiol. Pub Date Free Form May Volume 30 Issue 1 Start Page 289 Other Pages 297 Notes LR: 20131121; CI: Copyright (c) 2011; JID: 8601127; 0 (RNA, Ribosomal, 16S); Q40Q9N063P (Acetic Acid); 2011/04/04 [received]; 2011/07/28 [revised]; 2011/08/07 [accepted]; 2011/08/16 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1095-9998; 0740-0020 Accession Number PMID: 22265314 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.fm.2011.08.010 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22265314 Abstract Shanxi aged vinegar is a famous traditional Chinese vinegar made from several kinds of cereal by spontaneous solid-state fermentation techniques. In order to get a comprehensive understanding of culturable microorganism's diversity present in its fermentation, the indigenous microorganisms including 47 yeast isolates, 28 lactic acid bacteria isolates and 58 acetic acid bacteria isolates were recovered in different fermenting time and characterized based on a combination of phenotypic and genotypic approaches including inter-delta/PCR, PCR-RFLP, ERIC/PCR analysis, as well as 16S rRNA and 26S rRNA partial gene sequencing. In the alcoholic fermentation, the dominant yeast species Saccharomyces (S.) cerevisiae (96%) exhibited low phenotypic and genotypic diversity among the isolates, while Lactobacillus (Lb.) fermentum together with Lb. plantarum, Lb. buchneri, Lb. casei, Pediococcus (P.) acidilactici, P. pentosaceus and Weissella confusa were predominated in the bacterial population at the same stage. Acetobacter (A.) pasteurianus showing great variety both in genotypic and phenotypic tests was the dominant species (76%) in the acetic acid fermentation stage, while the other acetic acid bacteria species including A. senegalensis, A. indonesiensis, A. malorum and A. orientalis, as well as Gluconobacter (G.) oxydans were detected at initial point of alcoholic and acetic acid fermentation stage respectively. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier Ltd Data Source Authors Wu,J.J., Ma,Y.K., Zhang,F.F., Chen,F.S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20110816 PMCID Editors
Determination of volatile organic compounds in water using ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction followed by gas chromatography	2012	Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of separation science Periodical, Abbrev. J.Sep.Sci. Pub Date Free Form Mar Volume 35 Issue 6-May Start Page 688 Other Pages 694 Notes CI: (c) 2012; JID: 101088554; 0 (Volatile Organic Compounds); 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical); 2011/07/12 [received]; 2011/11/27 [revised]; 2011/12/04 [accepted]; 2012/01/24 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Germany ISSN/ISBN 1615-9314; 1615-9306 Accession Number PMID: 22271628 Language eng SubFile Evaluation Studies; Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1002/jssc.201100610 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22271628 Abstract Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are toxic compounds in the air, water and land. In the proposed method, ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction (USAEME) combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) has been developed for the extraction and determination of eight VOCs in water samples. The influence of each experimental parameter of this method (the type of extraction solvent, volume of extraction solvent, salt addition, sonication time and extraction temperature) was optimized. The procedure for USAEME was as follows: 15 muL of 1-bromooctane was used as the extraction solvent; 10 mL sample solution in a centrifuge tube with a cover was then placed in an ultrasonic water bath for 3 min. After centrifugation, 2 muL of the settled 1-bromooctane extract was injected into the GC-MS for further analysis. The optimized results indicated that the linear range is 0.1-100.0 mug/L and the limits of detection (LODs) are 0.033-0.092 mug/L for the eight analytes. The relative standard deviations (RSD), enrichment factors (EFs) and relative recoveries (RR) of the method when used on lake water samples were 2.8-9.5, 96-284 and 83-110%. The performance of the proposed method was gauged by analyzing samples of tap water, lake water and river water samples. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim Data Source Authors Leong,M.I., Huang,S.D. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20120124 PMCID Editors
Isolation and characterisation of lactic acid bacteria from jiang-gua (fermented cucumbers), a traditional fermented food in Taiwan	2012	Department of Biotechnology, Ming Chuan University, No. 5 De-Ming Road, Gui-Shan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan. yisheng@mail.mcu.edu.tw	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of the science of food and agriculture Periodical, Abbrev. J.Sci.Food Agric. Pub Date Free Form 15-Aug Volume 92 Issue 10 Start Page 2069 Other Pages 2075 Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2012; JID: 0376334; 0 (RNA, Ribosomal, 16S); 2011/06/20 [received]; 2011/11/26 [revised]; 2011/12/04 [accepted]; 2012/01/23 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1097-0010; 0022-5142 Accession Number PMID: 22271629 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1002/jsfa.5583 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22271629 Abstract BACKGROUND: Jiang-gua (fermented cucumbers) is a popular traditional fermented food in Taiwan. The microflora of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in jiang-gua have not been investigated in detail. In this study, LAB from jiang-gua were isolated, characterised and identified. RESULTS: A total of 103 LAB were isolated; 70 cultures were isolated from jiang-gua samples and 33 cultures were isolated from its raw substrate, cucumber. These isolates were mainly characterised phenotypically and then divided into seven groups (A-G) by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and sequencing of 16S ribosomal DNA. The isolates were identified as Enterococcus casseliflavus, Leuconostoc lactis, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Lactobacillus pentosus, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus paraplantarum, Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis, Weissella cibaria and Weissella hellenica. The antibacterial activities of the isolates were determined and 11 Lc. lactis subsp. lactis strains showed inhibitory activity against the indicator strain Lactobacillus sakei JCM 1157(T) . CONCLUSION: Heterofermentative W. cibaria and Leu. lactis were the major LAB found in jiang-gua samples without soy sauce. In soy sauce-added samples, homofermentative L. pentosus and L. plantarum were the most abundant LAB. In addition, the results also suggested that HhaI and RsaI restriction enzymes could be applied to distinguish W. hellenica and Weissella paramesenteroides. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Society of Chemical Industry Data Source Authors Chen,Y.S., Wu,H.C., Lo,H.Y., Lin,W.C., Hsu,W.H., Lin,C.W., Lin,P.Y., Yanagida,F. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20120123 PMCID Editors
Application of counter-current chromatography as a new pretreatment method for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in environmental water	2012	Beijing Technology and Business University, School of Food and Chimerical Engineering, Beijing, PR China. caoxl@th.btbu.edu.cn	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of separation science Periodical, Abbrev. J.Sep.Sci. Pub Date Free Form Feb Volume 35 Issue 4 Start Page 596 Other Pages 601 Notes LR: 20150325; CI: Copyright (c) 2012; GR: Z99 HL999999/Intramural NIH HHS/United States; JID: 101088554; 0 (Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic); 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical); NIHMS339391; OID: NLM: NIHMS339391; OID: NLM: PMC3270381; ppublish Place of Publication Germany ISSN/ISBN 1615-9314; 1615-9306 Accession Number PMID: 22282420 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1002/jssc.201100852 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22282420 Abstract Counter-current chromatography (CCC) was investigated as a new sample pretreatment method for the determination of trace polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water environmental samples. The experiment was performed with a non-aqueous binary two-phase solvent system composed of n-heptane and acetonitrile. The CCC column was first filled with the upper stationary phase, and then a large volume of water sample was pumped into the column while the CCC column was rotated at 1600 rpm. Finally, the trace amounts of PAHs extracted and enriched in the stationary phase were eluted out by the lower mobile phase and determined by gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) or gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The enrichment and cleanup of PAHs can be fulfilled online by this method with high recoveries (84.1-103.2%) and good reproducibility (RSDs: 4.9-12.2%) for 16 EPA PAHs under the optimized CCC pretreatment conditions. This method has been successfully applied to determine PAHs in lake water where 8 PAHs were detected in the concentration of 40.9-89.9 ng/L. The present method is extremely suitable for the preparation of large volume of environmental water sample for the determination of trace amounts of organic pollutants including PAHs as studied in this paper. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim Data Source Authors Cao,X., Yang,C., Pei,H., Li,X., Xu,X., Ito,Y. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID PMC3270381 Editors
Use of smoking reduction strategies among U.S. tobacco quitlines	2012	Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Mail Stop 735, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Addictive Behaviors Periodical, Abbrev. Addict.Behav. Pub Date Free Form Apr Volume 37 Issue 4 Start Page 583 Other Pages 586 Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2012; JID: 7603486; 2011/08/16 [received]; 2011/10/20 [revised]; 2012/01/17 [accepted]; 2012/01/25 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1873-6327; 0306-4603 Accession Number PMID: 22301531 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1016/j.addbeh.2012.01.018 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22301531 Abstract INTRODUCTION: Tobacco quitlines (QLs) are efficacious and have assisted many smokers in achieving tobacco abstinence. However, most smokers are not able to achieve tobacco abstinence with QL services. QL counseling interventions for smokers who do not quit on their target quit date (TQD) and decline to set a new TQD after missing their TQD have not been systematically evaluated. METHODS: A telephone survey of tobacco QLs in the United States (US) was conducted to examine systematic approaches used with smokers who do not quit on their TQD and decline to set a new TQD. Tobacco QLs service providers were identified through the North American Quitline Consortium (NAQC). RESULTS: Fourteen service providers managing QLs of all 50 US states were identified and completed the voluntary survey. All providers recommended setting a new quit TQD if smokers did not achieve smoking cessation by their initial TQD. Six percent of US state QLs used brief motivational interviewing utilizing the "5R's" (relevance, risk, rewards, roadblocks, repetition). However, 90% of QLs had intervention protocols emphasizing smoking rate reduction. CONCLUSION: Although some US QLs utilized the "5Rs," the majority provided smoking reduction interventions for smokers not achieving tobacco cessation by their initial TQD and declining to set a new TQD. Research is needed to evaluate the efficacy of smoking rate reduction methods implemented through QLs for increasing smoking abstinence rates. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier Ltd Data Source Authors Asfar,T., Ebbert,J.O., Klesges,R.C., Klosky,J.L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20120125 PMCID Editors
The London low emission zone baseline study	2011	School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK. frank.kelly@kcl.ac.uk	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Research report (Health Effects Institute) Periodical, Abbrev. Res.Rep.Health Eff.Inst. Pub Date Free Form Nov Volume -163 Issue 163 Start Page 3 Other Pages 79 Notes JID: 8812230; 0 (Air Pollutants); 0 (Metals); 0 (Nitrogen Oxides); 0 (Particulate Matter); 0 (Vehicle Emissions); ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1041-5505; 1041-5505 Accession Number PMID: 22315924 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22315924 Abstract On February 4, 2008, the world's largest low emission zone (LEZ) was established. At 2644 km2, the zone encompasses most of Greater London. It restricts the entry of the oldest and most polluting diesel vehicles, including heavy-goods vehicles (haulage trucks), buses and coaches, larger vans, and minibuses. It does not apply to cars or motorcycles. The LEZ scheme will introduce increasingly stringent Euro emissions standards over time. The creation of this zone presented a unique opportunity to estimate the effects of a stepwise reduction in vehicle emissions on air quality and health. Before undertaking such an investigation, robust baseline data were gathered on air quality and the oxidative activity and metal content of particulate matter (PM) from air pollution monitors located in Greater London. In addition, methods were developed for using databases of electronic primary-care records in order to evaluate the zone's health effects. Our study began in 2007, using information about the planned restrictions in an agreed-upon LEZ scenario and year-on-year changes in the vehicle fleet in models to predict air pollution concentrations in London for the years 2005, 2008, and 2010. Based on this detailed emissions and air pollution modeling, the areas in London were then identified that were expected to show the greatest changes in air pollution concentrations and population exposures after the implementation of the LEZ. Using these predictions, the best placement of a pollution monitoring network was determined and the feasibility of evaluating the health effects using electronic primary-care records was assessed. To measure baseline pollutant concentrations before the implementation of the LEZ, a comprehensive monitoring network was established close to major roadways and intersections. Output-difference plots from statistical modeling for 2010 indicated seven key areas likely to experience the greatest change in concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) (at least 3 microg/m3) and of PM with an aerodynamic diameter Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Kelly,F., Armstrong,B., Atkinson,R., Anderson,H.R., Barratt,B., Beevers,S., Cook,D., Green,D., Derwent,D., Mudway,I., Wilkinson,P., HEI Health Review Committee Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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