WTS database

Title	Pub Year Sort descending	Author	SearchLink
Attitude to tobacco and prevalence of smokers among primary care physicians in Guipuzcoa	1994	Unidad Docente de Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria, Centro de Salud Andoain, Guipuzcoa.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Atencion Primaria / Sociedad Espanola de Medicina de Familia y Comunitaria Periodical, Abbrev. Aten.Primaria Pub Date Free Form 30-Nov Volume 14 Issue 9 Start Page 1073 Other Pages 1076 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 9111075; ppublish Place of Publication SPAIN ISSN/ISBN 0212-6567; 0212-6567 Accession Number PMID: 7811900 Language spa SubFile Comparative Study; English Abstract; Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 7811900 Abstract OBJECTIVE: To discover the evolvement of Primary Care doctors' tobacco consumption in Guipuzcoa and their attitudes to tobacco dependency. DESIGN: A descriptive study of a crossover type. October 1992. SETTING: Primary Health care. PARTICIPANTS: 381 general physicians and paediatricians from Guipuzcoa province. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: A self-filled questionnaire was distributed at Health Centres for subsequent return by mail. The reply rate was 60.89%, 42.3% were smokers; 33.6%, ex-smokers. 43% of smokers smoked in the Centre; 2% in front of patients. We found significant differences (p < 0.05) with a study carried out in 1988, where doctors who smoked were 52.4%, ex-smokers 19% and doctors who smoked in front of patients, 18.2%. 45.7% of women smoked, 39.2% of men. 78% of the doctors under study stated that they questioned patients about tobacco consumption. 95.2% did so when patients had specific pathologies. CONCLUSIONS: There has been a significant decline in tobacco smoking by doctors in Guipuzcoa. There are more women than men smokers. There is a higher proportion of ex-smokers among doctors than in the population as a whole. There has been a positive change of attitude as to smoking in front of patients. Centres should become more involved in the struggle against tobacco by offering to set up dependency counselling groups. Descriptors Adult, Aged, Attitude, Cross-Over Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Physicians, Prevalence, Primary Health Care, Smoking/epidemiology, Smoking Cessation, Spain/epidemiology, Surveys and Questionnaires, Time Factors, Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Sampedro Martinez,E., Narzabal Goni,M. A., Frias Oyaga,O., Antero Berganzos,E., Saez Salazar,M., Aranegui Lasuen,M. C., Millet Sampedro,M. Original/Translated Title Actitud ante el tabaco y prevalencia de fumadores en medicos de atencion primaria de Guipuzcoa URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Effects of acid mist on mature grafts of Sitka spruce: Part I - Frost hardiness and foliar nutrient concentrations	1994	Sheppard, L.J., Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 0QB, United Kingdom	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Environmental Pollution Periodical, Abbrev. Environ.Pollut. Pub Date Free Form 1994/ Volume 85 Issue 2 Start Page 229 Other Pages 238 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0269-7491 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Mature grafts of five clones of Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis Bong. Sarg.) were exposed to simulated acid mist composed of an equimolar mixture of sulphuric acid and ammonium nitrate at pH 2.5 and pH 5.0 in open-top chambers from May to November 1991. Treatments were applied on consecutive days, four times a week. The pH 2.5 treatment provided an overall dose three times higher than that received by forests in upland areas of Britain. Frost hardiness was assessed in November by freezing detached current year shoots at a range of temperatures and assessing the rate of electrolyte leakage Foliar nutrient concentrations were determined on the same shoots. Acid mist at pH 2.5 significantly reduced frost hardiness in four of the five clones; the temperature causing 50% shoot death (LT50) was increased by 0 to 7Â°C. The clones varied in their level of hardiness, one clone being exceptionally frost sensitive. The frost hardiness of the frost sensitive clone was found to be less perturbed by acid mist than the hardiness of the more frost resistant clones. Mature grafts showed a smaller reduction in hardiness at an equivalent dose than that found previously with Sitka spruce seedlings. Compared with seedlings, grafts had lower absolute concentrations of foliar sulphur. Exposure to acid mist at pH 2.5 increased %S in current year foliage by <0.05% compared with absolute increases of more than 0.10% in current year foliage of seedlings. We conclude that the effect of acid mist on frost hardiness is likely to be less on mature trees than on seedlings and that the increased frost risk to mature trees of Sitka spruce from occult deposition alone is small. Descriptors ammonium nitrate, sulfuric acid, acid rain, article, cold tolerance, environmental temperature, forest, nutrient, plant leaf, tree, United Kingdom Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Sheppard,L. J., Leith,I. D., Cape,J. N. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Diving pattern of fishermen in the Pescadores.	1994	Lee, H.C., Department of Hyperbaric Medicine, Naval General Hospital, Kaohsiung, ROC.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Undersea & hyperbaric medicine : journal of the Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society, Inc Periodical, Abbrev. Undersea Hyperb.Med. Pub Date Free Form / Volume 21 Issue 2 Start Page 145 Other Pages 158 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1066-2936 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Professional diving fishermen in the Pescadores Archipelago (119.30 degrees W, 23.30 degrees N) dive with a simple hookah system. Although they use modern equipment, such as wet suit, face mask, mouth piece with demand valve, spear gun, weight belt, and fins, their lack of knowledge of diving medicine is apparent. On the average, 180 cases of decompression sickness (DCS) per year were reported to occur in the Pescadores. We conducted studies in 1990 and 1992 on three islands of the Archipelago. At the time of our study, an estimated 140 diving fishermen resided on these three islands. Of the 62 fishermen interviewed, 14 volunteered for the recording of dive profiles using a diver-carried data logger. In the summer of 1990, a group of eight fishermen dived, on the average, to a depth of 17.8 +/- 5.3 m (mean +/- SD; range, 8-27 m) for 26.9 +/- 19.7 min (5-66 min). Although the diving depth was similar to that of the average recollections of 43 divers, 20.1 +/- 4.4 m (15-30 m), the actual diving time was far shorter than that of their recollections, 426 +/- 138 min (240-630 min). The post-typhoon sea floor conditions may have shortened their diving time. In the summer of 1992, a group of six fishermen dived to 20.5 +/- 3.8 m (15-26 m) for 56.4 +/- 21.2 min (18-84 min). Again, the diving depth matched that of their recollection well, 22.2 +/- 2.5 m (20-26 m), but their bottom time was far shorter than they believed, 270 +/- 108 min (120-480 min). They used no decompression procedures, regardless of the bottom time and diving depth. In the 1990 group, 5 out of 10 equivalent single dive bottom times (ESDBT) exceeded U.S. Navy no-decompression (No-D) air dive limits; whereas in the 1992 group, 7 out of 9 ESDBTs exceeded No-D limits. Eight of the 38 discrete dives exceeded the No-D limits, even if we underestimate their decompression stress by disregarding their repetitive dive history. However, no symptoms of DCS were observed in either the 1990 or 1992 groups of 14 divers, despite 63% of the ESDBTs and 21% of discrete dives having exceeded the No-D limits. Adaptation to diving work may have allowed them to exceed the established No-D limits. The existing records of incidence of DCS from this region suggest that previously they must have dived longer or deeper or both during times of abundant resources. Descriptors adult, article, diving, heart rate, human, Japan, middle aged, Pacific islands, physiology, statistics, time Links Book Title Database MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Lee,H. C., Niu,K. C., Huang,K. L., Tsai,J. D., Shyu,R. K., Shiraki,K., Hong,S. K., Lin,Y. C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
The origin of long-distance water supply in the central German area and its significance from a hygienic viewpoint	1994	Malyska, G., Landeshygieneinstitut Halle.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Zentralblatt fÃ¼r Hygiene und Umweltmedizin = International journal of hygiene and environmental medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Zentralbl.Hyg.Umweltmed. Pub Date Free Form / Volume 196 Issue 1 Start Page 1 Other Pages 22 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0934-8859 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract By means of the climatic, hydrological and hydrogeological conditions in the middle German area the unfavorable water household also due to anthropogenic influences caused through mining and industry will be described. These conditions have, already in the first half of this century, lead to disadvantages concerning the drinking water supply for the population in this territory. Based on older ideas for improving the water supply in the middle German area the long-distance water supply system Elbaue-Ostharz was built after the 2. world war using the water supplies of the river Bode in the Harz, of the Elbaue as well as water from the DÃ¼bener Heide to overcome the bad water supply situation in middle Germany. In this connection the efforts of the public health service for improving the drinking water quality in the former country of Sachsen-Anhalt in the DDR will be described. Due to an increased connection of the population in the middle German area with local central water supplies as well as with the long-distance water supply up to 1990 92% of the population could be supplied with drinking water from central water supplies. Nevertheless it was not possible to manage all problems of drinking water quality up to 1990. These problems concerned local central water supplies due to not existing or inadequate plants for water refinement in waterworks and poor conditions of the drinking water pipe nets. Despite all an increasing improvement of the drinking water could be registered as a result of decrease in drinking water consumption, the shutting of water works with water catchments on hygienic unfavorable places, the refurbishment of water works and the further connection from communes with long-distance water supplies. At present and in future too the long-distance water supply will be necessary for the middle German area to guarantee a sufficient quantity as well as quality of drinking water for the population in this territory. Descriptors Germany, human, hygiene, industry, mining, public health, review, standard, water supply Links Book Title Die Entstehung der Fernwasserversorgung des mitteldeutschen Raumes und ihre Bedeutung aus hygienischer Sicht. Database MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Malyska,G. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
The periodontal status of irregular dental attenders	1994	Division of Restorative Dentistry, School of Clinical Dentistry, Queens University, Belfast, Northern Ireland.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of clinical periodontology Periodical, Abbrev. J.Clin.Periodontol. Pub Date Free Form Sep Volume 21 Issue 8 Start Page 544 Other Pages 548 Notes LR: 20061115; JID: 0425123; ppublish Place of Publication DENMARK ISSN/ISBN 0303-6979; 0303-6979 Accession Number PMID: 7989618 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; D; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 7989618 Abstract The aim of this investigation was to assess the prevalence and severity of periodontal destruction in irregular dental attenders. 50 subjects aged between 20 and 49 years completed a questionnaire and had a periodontal examination. Measurements of plaque, calculus, bleeding, probing depth and clinical attachment level were made at 4 proximal sites per tooth. Results were compared to those for 132 regular attenders. The irregular attenders had more sites with plaque (46.3 +/- 27% versus 17.3 +/- 21.1%) than the regulars and significantly more sites which bled (53.7 +/- 20.4% versus 33.6 +/- 20.7%) and with calculus (35 +/- 21.1% versus 13.4 +/- 12.8%). However, the irregulars had virtually the same number of teeth as the regular attenders, 25.6 +/- 3.3 compared with 25.4 +/- 4.3. Irregular attenders had slightly deeper mean probing depths (2.9 +/- 0.4 versus 2.7 +/- 0.4 mm) but the prevalence and extent of attachment loss was no different between the groups. It was concluded that the prevalence and severity of destructive periodontal disease as indicated by periodontal attachment loss was not related to the regularity of dental attendance in the groups studied. Descriptors Adult, Dental Calculus/etiology/pathology, Dental Care, Dental Plaque/etiology/pathology, Female, Furcation Defects/etiology, Gingival Hemorrhage/etiology/pathology, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Oral Hygiene, Periodontal Attachment Loss/etiology/pathology, Periodontal Diseases/etiology/pathology, Periodontal Pocket/etiology/pathology, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Smoking, Social Class, Tooth/pathology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Mullally,B. H., Linden,G. J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Chemical variations in near surface drainage water for an acidic spruce forested UK upland area subjected to timber harvesting: Inferences on cation exchange processes in the soil	1994	Neal, C., Institute of Hydrology, Maclean Building, Wallingford, Oxon, OX10 8BB, United Kingdom	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Science of the Total Environment Periodical, Abbrev. Sci.Total Environ. Pub Date Free Form 1994/ Volume 154 Issue 1 Start Page 47 Other Pages 61 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0048-9697 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Hydrochemical variations in the major, minor and trace element concentrations of a first order stream draining a plantation of sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.), subjected to felling, are described. The stream water is acidic and aluminium bearing as the area drained comprises thin, acidic, organic-rich soils. The chemical composition of the stream varies with time and the data is scattered owing to the complex hydrological, chemical and biological interactions involved. None the less, the catchment has the ability to damp down the chemical signal of the rainfall. There is no statistically significant correlation between rainfall and stream water chemistry for any of the components measured. Deforestation leads to increased concentrations of NO3, K, H+, the major elements and Al together with a decrease in alkalinity. The changes last for ~2-3 years: conditions then revert to pre-felling levels. These results fit well with previous findings in that deforestation leads to the disruption of the biochemical functioning of the catchment (releasing nitrate and potassium and acidifying the soil water). The major element changes are linked to increased leaching of the soil waters as a consequence of changing hydrology (evapotranspiration is probably reduced and the catchment soils wet up). However, the variations in Al, dissolved organic carbon, Br and I are less than would be anticipated based on previous results for a companion study of the main drainage area. Dissolved organic carbon, Fe, Cd, Y and La show increases, but these changes occur after the felling is complete and there has been no return to pre-felling values 3 years on. The applicability of classically used cation exchange theory for the soil, the basis for many of the conclusions derived in the soil acidification debate, is questioned and found to be highly suspect. Descriptors acidification, article, cation exchange, environmental impact assessment, environmental monitoring, forestry, priority journal, soil pollution, United Kingdom, water quality Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Neal,C., Neal,M., Ryland,G. P., Jeffery,H. A., Harrow,M., Hill,S., Smith,C. J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Women segmentation based on contraceptive use	1994		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Egyptian population and family planning review Periodical, Abbrev. Egypt.Popul.Fam.Plann.Rev. Pub Date Free Form Jun Volume 28 Issue 1 Start Page 19 Other Pages 54 Notes LR: 20130308; JID: 8406656; OID: PIP: 111752; OID: POP: 00251674; OTO: PIP; GN: PIP: TJ: EGYPTIAN POPULATION AND FAMILY PLANNING REVIEW; ppublish Place of Publication EGYPT ISSN/ISBN 1110-1156; 1110-1156 Accession Number PMID: 12290886 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; J DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 12290886 Abstract PIP: In the past, the Egyptian Information, Education and Communication Center (IEC) SIS/IEC Center has used research findings to develop messages on the health benefits of family planning to mothers and children, proper use of contraceptive methods, and the need for acquiring correct information. A recent analysis of the 1995 Egypt Demographic and Health Survey data on 9153 currently married women aged 15-49 aimed to generate preliminary audience segments and profiles of different groups of current users, never users, and discontinuers of family planning methods so the Center can develop messages on family planning and birth spacing. 47.1% of all women in the analysis currently used contraception. 19.8% had used contraception, but did not do so currently. 33.1% had never used contraception. The leading factors affecting contraceptive use were husband's approval, husband-wife communications, desire for more children, and religion. Based on what was learned from discontinuers, the Center made two general conclusions. It needs to design special messages targeting discontinuers or never users. These special messages need to concern the groups' knowledge about different family planning methods, side effects, birth spacing methods, and birth limiting methods. Husband involvement in family planning is essential. Thus, the Center needs to develop special messages geared to men. To do so, however, a cluster analysis for husbands would be helpful in message development. Descriptors Africa, Africa, Northern, Behavior, Birth Intervals, Communication, Contraception, Contraception Behavior, Demography, Developing Countries, Economics, Egypt, Family Planning Services, Health Planning, Health Services Needs and Demand, Information Services, Interpersonal Relations, Marital Status, Marriage, Middle East, Organization and Administration, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Population, Population Dynamics, Acceptor Characteristics--women, Acceptors, Arab Countries, Birth Spacing, Communication Programs, Contraception Termination--women, Contraceptive Usage--women, Currently Married--women, Demographic And Health Surveys, Demographic Factors, Demographic Surveys, Economic Factors, Family Planning, Family Planning Programs, Husband-wife Communication, Iec, Mediterranean Countries, Needs, Nonacceptor Characteristics--women, Nonacceptors, Northern Africa, Nuptiality, Partner Communication, Program Activities, Programs, Research Report Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors El-zanaty,F. H. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Benzene, toluene and xylenes in air, geographical distribution in the Piedmont region (Italy) and personal exposure	1994	Department of Hygiene and Community Medicine, University of Turin, Faculty of Science, Italy.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Science of the total environment Periodical, Abbrev. Sci.Total Environ. Pub Date Free Form 30-May Volume 148 Issue 1 Start Page 49 Other Pages 56 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 0330500; 0 (Air Pollutants); 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 0 (Xylenes); 3FPU23BG52 (Toluene); J64922108F (Benzene); ppublish Place of Publication NETHERLANDS ISSN/ISBN 0048-9697; 0048-9697 Accession Number PMID: 8016638 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 0048-9697(94)90373-5 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 8016638 Abstract The objectives of this study were the determination of: (a) benzene (B), toluene (T) and xylene (X) air pollution in three sites of the Piedmont region (north-western Italy), (b) the relationship between BTX pollution in indoor, outdoor and personal air measured for a group of non-smoking university students, (c) the influence of environmental tobacco smoke on the level of BTX exposure for indoor air environments. Results indicate (i) a direct relationship between human density and level of contamination and higher toluene pollution, (ii) an indoor/outdoor ratio of > 1 for all the three aromatics, (iii) a similar level of personal and indoor air contamination. Human exposure to BTX air pollution has been found to depend principally on indoor air contamination, not only on home pollution, but also, probably on many other confined environments. Descriptors Air Pollutants/analysis, Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis, Benzene/analysis, Environmental Exposure/analysis, Humans, Italy, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/analysis, Toluene/analysis, Xylenes/analysis Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Gilli,G., Scursatone,E., Bono,R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Surveillance for selected tobacco-use behaviors--United States, 1900-1994	1994	Office on Smoking and Health, CDC, Atlanta, GA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full MMWR.CDC surveillance summaries : Morbidity and mortality weekly report.CDC surveillance summaries / Centers for Disease Control Periodical, Abbrev. MMWR CDC Surveill.Summ. Pub Date Free Form 18-Nov Volume 43 Issue 3 Start Page 1 Other Pages 43 Notes LR: 20120329; JID: 8407977; ppublish Place of Publication UNITED STATES ISSN/ISBN Accession Number PMID: 7969014 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 7969014 Abstract PROBLEM/CONDITION: Surveillance of tobacco use is an essential component of any tobacco-control program. The information gathered can be used to guide research initiatives, intervention programs, and policy decisions. REPORTING PERIODS: This report covers the period 1900-1994 for per capita cigarette consumption; 1965-1991 for trends in cigarette smoking prevalence and cessation; 1974-1991 for trends in the number of cigarettes smoked daily by current smokers; 1987-1991 for recent patterns of tobacco use; 1970, 1987, and 1991 for trends in cigar/pipe smoking and snuff/chewing tobacco use; 1984-1992 for trends in state-specific prevalences of regular cigarette smoking; 1987-1992 for state-specific estimates of smokeless-tobacco use; and 1976-1993 for trends in cigarette smoking among U.S. high school seniors. DESCRIPTION OF SYSTEMS: Estimates of cigarette consumption are reported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, which uses data from the U.S. Department of the Treasury, the U.S. Department of Commerce, the Tobacco Institute, and other sources. The National Health Interview Survey uses household interviews to provide nationally representative estimates (for the civilian, noninstitutionalized population) of cigarette smoking and other behaviors related to tobacco use. The Behavioral Risk Factor surveillance System uses telephone surveys of civilian, noninstitutionalized adults (> or = 18 years of age) to provide state-specific estimates of current cigarette smoking and use of smokeless tobacco. The University of Michigan's Institute for Social Research uses school-based, self-administered questionnaires to gather data on cigarette smoking from a representative sample of U.S. high school seniors. RESULTS: During the period 1900-1963, per capita cigarette consumption increased; after 1964, consumption declined. During the years 1965-1991, current cigarette smoking prevalence among persons ages > or = 18 years declined overall and in every sociodemographic category examined. Decrease in current smoking prevalence was slow in some groups (e.g., among persons with fewer years of formal education). Both the prevalence of never smoking and the prevalence of cessation increased from 1965 through 1991. The prevalence of current cigarette smoking, any tobacco smoking, and any tobacco use was highest among American Indians/Alaska Natives and non-Hispanic blacks and lowest among Asians/Pacific Islanders. The prevalence of cigar smoking and pipe smoking has declined substantially since 1970. The prevalence of smokeless-tobacco use among white males ages 18-34 years was higher in 1987 and 1991 than in 1970; among persons > or = 45 years of age, the use of smokeless tobacco was more common among blacks than whites in 1970 and 1987. Cigarette smoking prevalence has decreased in most states. The prevalence of smokeless tobacco use was especially high among men in West Virginia, Montana, and several southern states. From 1984-1993, prevalence of cigarette smoking remained constant among U.S. high school seniors. However, prevalence increased slightly for male seniors and white seniors, decreased slightly for female high school seniors, and decreased sharply for black high school seniors. INTERPRETATION: With the exceptions of increases in cigarette smoking among white and male high school seniors and in the use of smokeless tobacco among white males ages 18-34 years, reductions in tobacco use occurred in every subgroup examined. This decrease must continue if the national health objectives for the year 2000 are to be reached. ACTIONS TAKEN: Surveillance of tobacco use is ongoing. Effective interventions that discourage initiation and encourage cessation are being disseminated throughout the United States. Descriptors Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Data Collection, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Plants, Toxic, Population Surveillance, Prevalence, Smoking/epidemiology/trends, Smoking Cessation/statistics & numerical data, Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiology, Tobacco, Smokeless, United States/epidemiology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Giovino,G. A., Schooley,M. W., Zhu,B. P., Chrismon,J. H., Tomar,S. L., Peddicord,J. P., Merritt,R. K., Husten,C. G., Eriksen,M. P. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Shear bond strength of a resin composite to enamel etched with maleic or phosphoric acid	1994	Oral Health Program, Brisbane South Region, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Australian Dental Journal Periodical, Abbrev. Aust.Dent.J. Pub Date Free Form Oct Volume 39 Issue 5 Start Page 292 Other Pages 297 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 0370612; 0 (Adhesives); 0 (Composite Resins); 0 (Dentin-Bonding Agents); 0 (Maleates); 0 (Phosphoric Acids); 0 (Resin Cements); 0 (Z100 composite resin); 7631-86-9 (Silicon Dioxide); 90881-69-9 (Scotchbond); 91XW058U2C (maleic acid); C6 Place of Publication AUSTRALIA ISSN/ISBN 0045-0421; 0045-0421 Accession Number PMID: 7811206 Language eng SubFile Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; D; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 7811206 Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of 10 per cent maleic and 37 per cent phosphoric acid on the shear bond strength of Z100 composite resin with Scotchbond Multi-Purpose adhesive to primary and permanent tooth enamel. Four groups of 20 teeth each were established: 1, permanent teeth, 10 per cent maleic acid etched for 15 seconds; 2, permanent teeth, 10 per cent maleic acid etched for 30 seconds; 3, permanent teeth, 37 per cent phosphoric acid etched for 15 seconds; 4, primary teeth, 10 per cent maleic acid etched for 15 seconds. Five teeth from each group were randomly assigned for SEM examination of the etched enamel surface. Scotchbond Multi-Purpose primer and adhesive were applied to the etched enamel surface of the remaining 15 teeth and cured following the manufacturer's instructions. Z100 composite resin was placed in a nylon cylinder and cured for two 40 second intervals. Following thermocycling, the specimens were sheared on an universal testing machine and debonded areas were examined visually with a stereo microscope and with SEM. The mean shear bond strengths in MPa were: 1, 17.00; 2, 14.58; 3, 14.66; 4, 11.18. ANOVA and Student-Newman-Keuls analyses revealed no statistically significant difference among the groups. SEM examination showed the majority of specimens fractured at the adhesive-resin interface. Descriptors Acid Etching, Dental, Adhesives/chemistry, Analysis of Variance, Composite Resins/chemistry, Dental Bonding, Dental Enamel/drug effects/ultrastructure, Dentin-Bonding Agents/chemistry, Humans, Maleates/administration & dosage/pharmacology, Materials Testing, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Phosphoric Acids/administration & dosage/pharmacology, Resin Cements, Silicon Dioxide/chemistry, Stress, Mechanical, Surface Properties, Time Factors, Tooth, Deciduous, Zirconium/chemistry Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Hallett,K. B., Garcia-Godoy,F., Trotter,A. R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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