Skip to main content
Title Pub Year Author SearchLink Sort descending
Co-existence of Legionella and other Gram-negative bacteria in potable water from various rural and urban sources 2011 Department of Water and Soil Safety, Institute of Rural Health, Lublin, Poland. nina@galen.imw.lublin.pl
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine : AAEM
Periodical, Abbrev.
Ann.Agric.Environ.Med.
Pub Date Free Form
Volume
18
Issue
2
Start Page
330
Other Pages
334
Notes
LR: 20160325; JID: 9500166; 0 (Drinking Water); ppublish
Place of Publication
Poland
ISSN/ISBN
1898-2263; 1232-1966
Accession Number
PMID: 22216808
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; IM
DOI
973068 [pii]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
22216808
Abstract
A total of 320 potable water samples were collected from various rural and urban sources located in the Lublin region of eastern Poland. They comprised: 55 samples of treated (chlorinated) tap water from rural dwellings distributed by the municipal water supply system (MWSS), 111 samples of treated tap water from urban dwellings distributed by the MWSS, 45 samples of untreated well water from household wells and 109 samples from private water supply systems (PWSS) distributing untreated well water. Water samples were examined for the presence and species composition of Legionella, Yersinia, Gram-negative bacteria belonging to family Enterobacteriaceae (GNB-E) and Gram-negative bacteria not belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae (GNB-NE), by filtering through cellulose filters and culture on respectively GVPC, CIN, EMB and tryptic soya agar media. The occurrence of Legionella in the samples taken from the outlets of the urban MWSS was high (77.5%), and significantly greater compared to frequencies noted in rural MWSS (7.3%), and samples of well water from household wells (28.9%) and PWSS (13.8%) (p
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Stojek,N.M., Dutkiewicz,J.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
14-Hy-droxy-11-[(E)-4-meth-oxy-benzyl-idene]-8-(4-meth-oxy-phen-yl)-5-thia-3,13-d iaza-hepta-cyclo-[13.7.1.1.0.0.0.0]tetra-cosa-1(22),15(23),16,18,20-pentaen-10-on e 2011
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Acta crystallographica.Section E, Structure reports online
Periodical, Abbrev.
Acta Crystallogr.Sect.E.Struct.Rep.Online
Pub Date Free Form
Nov
Volume
67
Issue
Pt 11
Start Page
o2881
Other Pages
2
Notes
JID: 101089178; OID: NLM: PMC3247613; 2011/09/30 [received]; 2011/10/03 [accepted]; 2011/10/08 [epublish]; ppublish
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
1600-5368; 1600-5368
Accession Number
PMID: 22219918
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article
DOI
10.1107/S160053681104061X [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
22219918
Abstract
In the title compound, C(36)H(32)N(2)O(4)S, the piperidine ring adopts a chair conformation, while the five-membered pyrrolidine (with a C atom as the flap atom) and thia-zolidine (with the S atom as the flap atom) rings adopt envelope conformations. The naphthalene ring system makes dihedral angles of 18.82 (5) and 40.92 (5) degrees with the two meth-oxy-substituted benzene rings. In the crystal, centrosymmetrically-related mol-ecules are linked into dimers via pairs of C-Hcdots, three dots, centeredO and C-Hcdots, three dots, centeredN hydrogen bonds. An intra-molecular O-Hcdots, three dots, centeredN hydrogen bond is also observed. The crystal structure is further stabilized by C-Hcdots, three dots, centeredpi inter-actions.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Kumar,R. S., Osman,H., Rahim,A. S., Hemamalini,M., Fun,H. K.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20111008
PMCID
PMC3247613
Editors
Smoking ban and indoor air quality in restaurants in Mumbai, India 2011 Healis Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Navi Mumbai, India.
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Indian journal of occupational and environmental medicine
Periodical, Abbrev.
Indian.J.Occup.Environ.Med.
Pub Date Free Form
May
Volume
15
Issue
2
Start Page
68
Other Pages
72
Notes
LR: 20130529; JID: 9815775; OID: NLM: PMC3249793; OTO: NOTNLM; ppublish
Place of Publication
India
ISSN/ISBN
1998-3670; 0973-2284
Accession Number
PMID: 22223953
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article
DOI
10.4103/0019-5278.90377 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
22223953
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Second-hand smoke contains several toxic chemicals that are known to pollute the air and harm people's health. In India, smoking in public places has been prohibited since October 2008 as a way to reduce second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure. The purpose of the present study was to assess the implementation of smoke-free policies and its impact on indoor air quality by measuring the PM(2.5) levels in bars and restaurants, restaurants, country liquor bars, hookah restaurants and pubs in Mumbai. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Air quality measurements at 50 venues were conducted by using a "SIDEPAK() AM510 Personal Aerosol Monitor" during April to May 2009. Average concentration of PM(2.5) (mug/m(3)) particles was calculated separately for each venue. RESULTS: Smoking was observed in 36% of the surveyed venues during an hour of data collection. The PM(2.5) levels ranged from 16.97 to 1101.76 mug/m(3). The average level of PM(2.5) among non-smoking venues was 97.19 mug/m(3) and among smoking venues was 363.04 mug/m(3). CONCLUSION: Considerable scope for improvement in implementation of smoke-free policies exists. The PM(2.5) levels were exceedingly high in venues where smoking was observed.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Raute,L.J., Gupta,P.C., Pednekar,M.S.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
PMC3249793
Editors
Clinical laboratory assessment of the abuse liability of an electronic cigarette 2012 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Addiction (Abingdon, England)
Periodical, Abbrev.
Addiction
Pub Date Free Form
Aug
Volume
107
Issue
8
Start Page
1493
Other Pages
1500
Notes
LR: 20151119; CI: (c) 2012 The Authors, Addiction (c) 2012; GR: R01 CA120142/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 CA120142-04/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01CA 120142/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: T32 DA007027/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR:
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1360-0443; 0965-2140
Accession Number
PMID: 22229871
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM
DOI
10.1111/j.1360-0443.2012.03791.x [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
22229871
Abstract
AIMS: To provide an initial abuse liability assessment of an electronic cigarette (EC) in current tobacco cigarette smokers. DESIGN: The first of four within-subject sessions was an EC sampling session that involved six, 10-puff bouts (30 seconds inter-puff interval), each bout separated by 30 minutes. In the remaining three sessions participants made choices between 10 EC puffs and varying amounts of money, 10 EC puffs and a varying number of own brand cigarette (OB) puffs, or 10 OB puffs and varying amounts of money using the multiple-choice procedure (MCP). The MCP was completed six times at 30-minute intervals, and one choice was reinforced randomly at each trial. SETTING: Clinical laboratory. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty current tobacco cigarette smokers. MEASUREMENTS: Sampling session outcome measures included plasma nicotine, cardiovascular response and subjective effects. Choice session outcome was the cross-over value on the MCP. FINDINGS: EC use resulted in significant nicotine delivery, tobacco abstinence symptom suppression and increased product acceptability ratings. On the MCP, participants chose to receive 10 EC puffs over an average of $1.06 or three OB puffs and chose 10 OB puffs over an average of $1.50 (P
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Society for the Study of Addiction
Data Source
Authors
Vansickel,A.R., Weaver,M.F., Eissenberg,T.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20120508
PMCID
PMC3330136
Editors
Species and susceptibility distribution of 1062 clinical yeast isolates to azoles, echinocandins, flucytosine and amphotericin B from a multi-centre study 2012 Mikrobiologische Beratung and Service, Munchen, Germany Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Vienna, Austria.
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Mycoses
Periodical, Abbrev.
Mycoses
Pub Date Free Form
May
Volume
55
Issue
3
Start Page
e124
Other Pages
37
Notes
LR: 20131121; CI: (c) 2012; JID: 8805008; 0 (Antifungal Agents); 0 (Azoles); 0 (Echinocandins); 7XU7A7DROE (Amphotericin B); D83282DT06 (Flucytosine); 2012/01/11 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
Germany
ISSN/ISBN
1439-0507; 0933-7407
Accession Number
PMID: 22233267
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Multicenter Study; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1111/j.1439-0507.2011.02165.x [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
22233267
Abstract
Descriptive values were determined for eight antifungal agents within the course of a multi-centre study encompassing 1062 German and Austrian clinical yeast isolates. Candida albicans (54%) was the predominant species isolated followed by Candida glabrata (22%), Candida parapsilosis (6%), Candida tropicalis (5.7%), Candida krusei (4.3%), as well as eleven further candidal and four non-Candida yeast species. While 519 (48.9%) isolates were tested susceptible to all antifungals tested, no isolate was found to exhibit complete cross resistance. For C. albicans, the proportions of susceptible isolates were 93.2% (amphotericin B), 95.6% (flucytosine), 84.3% (fluconazole), 83.8% (posaconazole), 91.8% (voriconazole), 96.5% (anidulafungin), 96.2% (caspofungin) and 97.6% (micafungin). Patterns of complete parallel resistances were observed within azoles (8.8%) and echinocandins (1.7%). While a decreased susceptibility was found infrequently for echinocandins and flucytosine, it was more common for azoles with highest proportions for isolates of C. glabrata (fluconazole, 40.6%; posaconazole, 37.2%), Candida guilliermondii (fluconazole and posaconazole, each 25.0%), C. krusei (posaconazole, 28.3%; voriconazole, 60%), C. parapsilosis (fluconazole, 70.3%) and C. tropicalis (fluconazole, 62.3%). The descriptive values obtained in this study represent a valid basis for the comparison of recent and future epidemiological surveys to analyse the susceptibility of yeast isolates towards major antifungal substances.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Blackwell Verlag GmbH
Data Source
Authors
Schmalreck,A.F., Willinger,B., Haase,G., Blum,G., Lass-Florl,C., Fegeler,W., Becker,K., Antifungal Susceptibility Testing-AFST Study Group
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20120111
PMCID
Editors
Spatial variability and application of ratios between BTEX in two Canadian cities 2011 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada N9B 3P4.
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
TheScientificWorldJournal
Periodical, Abbrev.
ScientificWorldJournal
Pub Date Free Form
Volume
11
Issue
Start Page
2536
Other Pages
2549
Notes
LR: 20150128; JID: 101131163; 0 (Air Pollutants); 0 (Benzene Derivatives); 0 (Vehicle Emissions); 0 (Volatile Organic Compounds); 0 (Xylenes); 3FPU23BG52 (Toluene); J64922108F (Benzene); L5I45M5G0O (ethylbenzene); OID: NLM: PMC3253549; OTO: NOTNLM; 2011/1
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1537-744X; 1537-744X
Accession Number
PMID: 22235184
Language
eng
SubFile
Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1100/2011/167973 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
22235184
Abstract
Spatial monitoring campaigns of volatile organic compounds were carried out in two similarly sized urban industrial cities, Windsor and Sarnia, ON, Canada. For Windsor, data were obtained for all four seasons at approximately 50 sites in each season (winter, spring, summer, and fall) over a three-year period (2004, 2005, and 2006) for a total of 12 sampling sessions. Sampling in Sarnia took place at 37 monitoring sites in fall 2005. In both cities, passive sampling was done using 3M 3500 organic vapor samplers. This paper characterizes benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, o, and (m + p)-xylene (BTEX) concentrations and relationships among BTEX species in the two cities during the fall sampling periods. BTEX concentration levels and rank order among the species were similar between the two cities. In Sarnia, the relationships between the BTEX species varied depending on location. Correlation analysis between land use and concentration ratios showed a strong influence from local industries. Use one of the ratios between the BTEX species to diagnose photochemical age may be biased due to point source emissions, for example, 53 tonnes of benzene and 86 tonnes of toluene in Sarnia. However, considering multiple ratios leads to better conclusions regarding photochemical aging. Ratios obtained in the sampling campaigns showed significant deviation from those obtained at central monitoring stations, with less difference in the (m + p)/E ratio but better overall agreement in Windsor than in Sarnia.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Miller,L., Xu,X., Wheeler,A., Atari,D.O., Grgicak-Mannion,A., Luginaah,I.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20111229
PMCID
PMC3253549
Editors
Assessment of tobacco dependence in waterpipe smokers in Egypt 2012 Department of Community, Environmental and Occupational Health, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. rahman_rehab@hotmail.com
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease
Periodical, Abbrev.
Int.J.Tuberc.Lung Dis.
Pub Date Free Form
Jan
Volume
16
Issue
1
Start Page
132
Other Pages
137
Notes
LR: 20151119; GR: R01 TW005944/TW/FIC NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 TW005944-05/TW/FIC NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9706389; 059QF0KO0R (Water); NIHMS354812; OID: NLM: NIHMS354812; OID: NLM: PMC3622209; ppublish
Place of Publication
France
ISSN/ISBN
1815-7920; 1027-3719
Accession Number
PMID: 22236859
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; IM
DOI
10.5588/ijtld.11.0457 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
22236859
Abstract
SETTING: Waterpipe smoking is increasing worldwide. Nevertheless, little is known about nicotine dependence in tobacco smokers who use waterpipes. OBJECTIVE: To assess evidence of dependence among non-cigarette smoking waterpipe smokers in Egypt. METHODS: A total of 154 male exclusive current waterpipe smokers were enrolled for the present study. We adapted the Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence and the Reasons for Smoking (RFS) scales and related these to smoking behavior. RESULTS: The mean age of the subjects was 47 +/- 14 years, the mean age at smoking initiation was 22 +/- 9 years, and average daily consumption was 4 +/- 8 hagars (tobacco units). The time to the first smoke of the day (P
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Auf,R.A., Radwan,G.N., Loffredo,C.A., El Setouhy,M., Israel,E., Mohamed,M.K.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
PMC3622209
Editors
Smoking outdoors at pubs and bars: is it a problem? An air quality study 2011 Health Promotion and Policy Research Unit, Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand. richard.edwards@otago.ac.nz
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
The New Zealand medical journal
Periodical, Abbrev.
N.Z.Med.J.
Pub Date Free Form
16-Dec
Volume
124
Issue
1347
Start Page
27
Other Pages
37
Notes
JID: 0401067; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); epublish
Place of Publication
New Zealand
ISSN/ISBN
1175-8716; 0028-8446
Accession Number
PMID: 22237565
Language
eng
SubFile
Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
22237565
Abstract
AIMS: (i) To measure air quality in semi-enclosed outdoor smoking areas of pubs and bars in New Zealand. (ii) To evaluate evidence of drift of fine particulates of secondhand smoke (SHS) from semi-enclosed outdoor smoking areas to indoor (smoke-free) areas. (iii) To evaluate evidence that the degree of communication between the outdoor smoking area and indoor areas influences the level of particulates indoors. METHODS: We measured fine particulate levels (PM(2.5)) using portable real-time aerosol monitors in a convenience sample of seven pubs and bars in central Wellington City. This was on one to three occasions (12 measurements in total) over four different nights. RESULTS: On the first two nights, when there was no or infrequent communication between the outdoor and indoor areas, the mean level of PM(2.5) varied from 32 to 109 mug/m(3) in the outdoor smoking area, and from 14 to 79 mug/m(3) in the adjacent indoor areas. On nights three and four, communicating doors were generally open most of the time. The mean level of PM(2.5) varied from 29 to 192 mug/m(3) in the smoking areas, from 36 to 117 mug/m(3) in adjacent indoor areas, and from 23 to 104 mug/m(3) in more distant indoor areas. Levels of PM(2.5) in adjacent indoor areas were highest in pubs where communicating doors were open all the time (mean 117 mug/m(3)), intermediate where communicating doors were open intermittently (mean 85 mug/m(3)), and lowest when they were wholly or mainly closed (mean 25 mug/m(3)). CONCLUSIONS: Air quality in semi-enclosed outdoor smoking areas was variable, and in some pubs was very poor. Where free communication exists between outdoor smoking areas and indoor areas, SHS drift can often greatly reduce indoor air quality throughout the pub or bar. Regulations to restrict the degree of communication and proximity of smoking areas to indoor areas may be justified to maintain indoor air quality and to protect health, particularly that of workers.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Edwards,R., Wilson,N.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20111216
PMCID
Editors
Comparison of ultrasound-assisted emulsification and dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction methods for the speciation of inorganic selenium in environmental water samples using low density extraction solvents 2012 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran. n-najafi@sbu.ac.ir
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Analytica Chimica Acta
Periodical, Abbrev.
Anal.Chim.Acta
Pub Date Free Form
10-Feb
Volume
714
Issue
Start Page
82
Other Pages
88
Notes
LR: 20131121; CI: Copyright (c) 2011; JID: 0370534; 0 (Azoles); 0 (Emulsions); 0 (Organoselenium Compounds); 0 (Phenylenediamines); 0 (Selenium Compounds); 0 (Solvents); 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical); 059QF0KO0R (Water); 273-15-4 (piaselenole); 5A9AX7Y0T
Place of Publication
Netherlands
ISSN/ISBN
1873-4324; 0003-2670
Accession Number
PMID: 22244140
Language
eng
SubFile
Comparative Study; Journal Article; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.aca.2011.11.063 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
22244140
Abstract
Herein, ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction (USAEME) and dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) methods based on applying low-density organic solvents have been critically compared for the speciation of inorganic selenium, Se(IV) (selenite) and Se(VI) (selenate) in environmental water samples by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID). At pH 2 and T=75 degrees C for 7 min, only Se(IV) was able to form the piazselenol complex with 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine. Piazselenol was extracted using an extraction solvent and was injected into a GC-FID instrument for the determination of Se(IV). Conveniently, Se(VI) remained in the aqueous phase. Total inorganic selenium was determined after the reduction of Se(VI) to Se(IV) and prior to the above procedures. The Se(VI) concentration was calculated as the difference between the measured total inorganic selenium and Se(IV) content. The effect of various experimental parameters on the efficiencies of the two methods and their optimum values were studied with the aid of response surface methodology and experimental design. Under the optimal conditions, the limit of detections (LODs) for Se(IV) obtained by USAEME-GC-FID and DLLME-GC-FID were 0.05 and 0.11 ng mL(-1), respectively. The relative standard deviations (RSDs, n=6) for the measurement 10 ng mL(-1) of Se(IV) were 5.32% and 4.57% with the enrichment factors of 2491 and 1129 for USAEME-GC-FID and DLLME-GC-FID, respectively. Both methods were successfully applied to the analysis of inorganic selenium in different environmental water samples and certified reference material (NIST SRM 1643e).
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Elsevier B.V
Data Source
Authors
Najafi,N.M., Tavakoli,H., Abdollahzadeh,Y., Alizadeh,R.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20111208
PMCID
Editors
Cigarette smoking increases risk of Barrett's esophagus: an analysis of the Barrett's and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Consortium 2012 Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20852-7234, USA. michael.cook@nih.gov
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Gastroenterology
Periodical, Abbrev.
Gastroenterology
Pub Date Free Form
Apr
Volume
142
Issue
4
Start Page
744
Other Pages
753
Notes
LR: 20150325; CI: Copyright (c) 2012; GR: 1R21DK077742-01A1/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States; GR: 5 RO1 CA 001833-02/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: K05 CA124911/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: K05 CA124911/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: K23DK59311/D
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
1528-0012; 0016-5085
Accession Number
PMID: 22245667
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Multicenter Study; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; AIM; IM
DOI
10.1053/j.gastro.2011.12.049 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
22245667
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Cigarette smoking has been implicated in the etiology of esophageal adenocarcinoma, but it is not clear if smoking is a risk factor for Barrett's esophagus. We investigated whether tobacco smoking and other factors increase risk for Barrett's esophagus. METHODS: We analyzed data from 5 case-control studies included in the international Barrett's and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Consortium. We compared data from subjects with Barrett's esophagus (n = 1059) with those from subjects with gastroesophageal reflux disease (gastroesophageal reflux disease controls, n = 1332), and population-based controls (n = 1143), using multivariable logistic regression models to test associations with cigarette smoking. We also tested whether cigarette smoking has synergistic effects with other exposures, which might further increase risk for Barrett's esophagus. RESULTS: Subjects with Barrett's esophagus were significantly more likely to have ever smoked cigarettes than the population-based controls (odds ratio [OR] = 1.67; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04-2.67) or gastroesophageal reflux disease controls (OR = 1.61; 95% CI: 1.33-1.96). Increasing pack-years of smoking increased the risk for Barrett's esophagus. There was evidence of a synergy between ever-smoking and heartburn or regurgitation; the attributable proportion of disease among individuals who ever smoked and had heartburn or regurgitation was estimated to be 0.39 (95% CI: 0.25-0.52). CONCLUSIONS: Cigarette smoking is a risk factor for Barrett's esophagus. The association was strengthened with increased exposure to smoking until approximately 20 pack-years, when it began to plateau. Smoking has synergistic effects with heartburn or regurgitation, indicating that there are various pathways by which tobacco smoking might contribute to development of Barrett's esophagus.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
AGA Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc
Data Source
Authors
Cook,M.B., Shaheen,N.J., Anderson,L.A., Giffen,C., Chow,W.H., Vaughan,T.L., Whiteman,D.C., Corley,D.A.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20120111
PMCID
PMC3321098
Editors